新疗法可能恢复自闭症患者的社交能力

Eastern Virginia Medical School researchers have identified a potential novel treatment strategy for the social impairment（损伤） of people with Autism Spectrum¹ Disorders² (ASD), an aspect of the condition that has a profound impact on quality of life. "Persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders are either disinterested³（不关心） in social interactions or find them unpleasant. They often don't understand what other people are thinking or feeling and misinterpret（曲解，误解） social cues," said Stephen I. Deutsch, MD, PhD, the Ann Robinson Chair and professor of psychiatry⁴（精神病学） and behavioral sciences. "Sadly, persons with autism spectrum disorders are often painfully aware of their limited sociability⁵, which can lead to profound feelings of sadness and frustration⁶."

As part of their research, EVMS scientists verified that a specific mouse strain, known as the BALB/c mouse, is a valid⁷ animal model of the limited sociability seen in persons with ASD. In the presence of another mouse, BALB/c mice move as far away as possible and do not interact as normal mice do — just like people with autism often avoid making social contact with other people.

This finding gave researchers a way to test whether an existing medication can alter the function of certain receptors in the brain known to affect sociability and help the animals be more at ease around others. The medication used, D-Cycloserine, originally was developed to treat tuberculosis⁸（肺结核） , but previous studies showed, by chance, that it might change social behavior. In preliminary studies at EVMS, the medication appeared to resolve the Balb/c mouse's deficits⁹ of sociability; it behaved as a normal mouse would when placed near another.

Dr. Deutsch will discuss the research at EVMS' Quarterly Autism Education Series at noon, Dec. 14, in the school's Hofheimer Hall auditorium¹⁰（礼堂，会堂） .

EVMS' laboratory studies with the Balb/c mouse led its investigators¹¹ to hypothesize that D-Cycloserine could ease the impaired¹² sociability of persons with autism, such as avoiding eye contact and personal interaction. Those traits can severely¹³ limit the possibility of employment and independent living for someone with autism.

"What makes this important is you might have someone with a 125 or 130 IQ who's unemployable" because of their social impairments, said Maria R. Urbano, MD, associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences.

Dr. Urbano is moving this promising¹⁴ research from the laboratory directly to patient care by starting a pilot clinical trial of D-Cycloserine in adolescent and young adult patients with autism spectrum disorders. The trial will show whether the medication, which is already known to be safe for use in humans, has similar effects on the sociability deficits of persons with autism as it did in the mice. Her research is supported by a grant（补助金，拨款） from the Hampton Roads Community Foundation.