欧洲人平均寿命延长

Life expectancy¹ in Europe keeps increasing despite the obesity² epidemic³, with people in Britain reaching an older age than those living in the US, according to an analysis of trends over the last 40 years. These striking findings counteract⁴（抵消，中和） concerns that the rising life expectancy trend in high income countries may be coming to an end in the face of health problems arising from obesity. Epidemiologist and population health expert Professor David Leon, of the London School of Hygiene⁵ & Tropical Medicine, points out that in the last five years most European countries have been going in a positive direction for the first time in decades – although the gap between East and West remains⁶ entrenched⁷（根深蒂固的） .

In an editorial published in the International Journal of Epidemiology, Professor Leon writes: "Despite what many may have assumed, and without being complacent⁸（自满的） , current trends in European life expectancy are in a positive direction.

"But while the European experience since 1980 underlines the centrality（中心，中央） of the social, political and economic determinants of health, many intriguing⁹（有趣的） and important questions remain unanswered about the drivers of these extraordinary trends."

Along with other Western European countries, life expectancy has been rising steadily¹⁰ in the UK. An important contributor to this has been the decline in deaths from cardiovascular disease.

According to Prof Leon, deaths from cardiovascular disease in the UK have seen "some of the largest and most rapid falls of any Western European country, partly due to improvements in treatment as well as reductions in smoking and other risk factors".

Despite spending more per capita on health care than any other country in the world, the US is at the same level as the lowest of any Western European country (Portugal for males and Denmark for females), while the rate for women is increasing at a much slower pace than Western Europe.

In 2007, life expectancy in the US was 78 years compared to 80 in the UK.

"This simple observation once again underlines that GDP and health care expenditure¹¹ per capita are not good predictors of population health within high income countries," Prof Leon writes.

Within Europe, Prof Leon paints a startling contrast between East and West as the former Communist bloc¹² struggles to catch up with its longer-living neighbours.