靠振动吸引异性的昆虫易被蜘蛛捕食

Insects using vibration¹ to attract a mate are at risk of being eaten alive by killer² spiders, Cardiff University scientists have discovered. Studying spider behaviour experts from Cardiff University's School of Biosciences found that the vibrations³ used by leafhoppers（叶蝉） and many other insects to attract a mate can be intercepted⁴ and used by predatory（掠夺的） spiders to identify their prey⁶.

Predators⁷ are already known to exploit the sight, sound and smell communications of their prey – but this is the first time that scientists believe they have discovered predators such as spiders can pick up these secretive vibrational⁸ signals and use them to find prey.

"Vibrational signalling is a widespread form of sexual communication between animals" according to Dr Meta Virant-Doberlet and Professor William Symondson, who undertook the research.

"By observing this behaviour we have been able to see, for the first time, that spiders are able to exploit sexual vibrational communication signals as a mean of tracking down（追捕） their prey," they added.

The scientists made the discovery by observing the behaviour of one spider species Enoplognatha ovate（卵形的） - a relative of the highly poisonous Black Widow spider.

When recordings⁹ of male leafhopper vibrational signals were played, spiders began homing in on（寻向目标追踪） the signal and searching for food.

The spiders were also seen to have a preference for male leafhoppers over females, probably due to the 'louder', more complex signals used by males during courtship.

Although vibrational signalling is widespread amongst animals, this is the first time that anyone has shown that predators can use these signals to find their prey. The scientists believe this open up a whole new field of scientific investigation¹⁰.

Professor Symondson and Dr Virant-Doberlet add: "Predators have evolved to intercept⁵ the signals of their prey but until now this was thought to be limited to visual, acoustic¹¹（声学的） and chemical ways of communicating.

"This new discovery represents a previously¹² overlooked strategy for prey location and a major unrecognised driver in the evolution of both predators and prey.

"This is a very significant scientific advance, opening up a whole new area for scientific investigation. Vibrational signalling is widespread amongst invertebrates¹³（无脊椎动物） and it is highly likely that many predators have evolved to exploit it."

The findings were published in the journal Molecular¹⁴ Ecology and was supported by a Marie Curie Fellowship, funded by the European Union.