电子鼻能用来鉴定水果成熟度

Have you ever been disappointed by a cantaloupe（哈密瓜，香瓜） from the grocery store? Too ripe? Not ripe enough? Luckily for you, researchers from the University of California, Davis might have found a way to make imperfectly ripe fruit a thing of the past. The method will be published on March 30 in the Journal of Visualized¹ Experiments (JoVE).

"We are involved in a project geared towards developing rapid methods to evaluate ripeness and flavour of fruits," said paper-author Dr. Florence Negre-Zkharov. "We evaluated an electronic nose to see if it can differentiate² maturity³ of fruit, specifically melons. The goal is to develop a tool that can be used post-harvest to better evaluate produce, and develop better breeds."

When fruit ripens⁴, it develops a characteristic volatile⁵ blend, indicating its maturity. Traditionally, the gold-standard of evaluating these volatiles has been gas chromatography, but it takes up to an hour to analyze⁶ a single sample, which makes it impractical⁷ to use outside the lab. Dr. Negre-Zakharov and her team wanted to determine if the much cruder -- but much faster -- electronic nose was able to determine if the melon they used in the experiment were ripe. It was.

"It's quite encouraging technology for the purposes of determining maturity," she said.

The project is part of the Specialty⁸ Crops Research Initiative, funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, which was "established to solve critical industry issues through research and extension activities." Dr. Negre-Zkharov and her team are working on quantitative⁹ methods of evaluating fruit-ripeness in the hopes that it will help the industry produce better quality produce.

"It's very impressive that the electronic nose system can do a type of gas chromatography in about a minute. Ultra-fast, indeed. Also, the sample preparation is as easy as making a smoothie（举止优雅的人） at home. Such a user-friendly system could greatly help analysis efficiency in this field," said JoVE Science Editor, Dr. Zhao Chen. "Given the popularity of JoVE video-articles, I expect many researchers will know and adopt this method in their own research."

Since the very nature of the project is to give people useful tools, the researchers decided¹⁰ to publish in JoVE, the only peer reviewed, PubMed-indexed science journal to publish all of its content in both text and video format¹¹.

"We thought that the best way to get people to adopt the method was showing a video, instead of publishing a text," said Dr. Negre-Zkharov.

The next step is to take the electronic nose out into the field to determine if it can still determine fruit maturity with all of the background smells interfering¹² -- like soil and air-quality. Though the team has already tested the device in the field, they have not yet analyzed¹³ their results.