2005年1月大学英语四级考试试题（A卷）及参考答案
时间：2006-09-12 08:16:29
（单词翻译:单击）
Part I Section A Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each convers-ation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example:
You will hear:
You will read."
A) At the office.
B) In the waiting room.
C) At the airport.
D) In a restaurant.
From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This conversation iS most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]
1. A) The man enjoys traveling by car.
B) The man lives far from the subway.
C) The man is good at driving.
D) The man used to own a car.
2. A) Tony should continue taking the course.
B) She approves of Tony's decision.
C) Tony can choose another science course.
D) She can't meet Tony so early in the morning.
3. A) She has to study for the exam.
B) She is particularly interested in plays.
C) She's eager to watch the new play.
D) She can lend her notes to the man.
4. A) They will be replaced by on-line education sooner or later.
B) They will attract fewer kids as on-line education expands.
C) They will continue to exist along with on-line education.
D) They will limit their teaching to certain subjects only.
5. A) Most students would like to work for a newspaper.
B) Most students find a job by reading advertisements.
C) Most students find it hard to get a job after they graduate.
D) Most students don't want jobs advertised in the newspapers.
6. A) Move the washing machine to the basement.
B) Turn the basement into a workshop.
C) Repair the washing machine.
D) Finish his assignment.
7. A) Some students at the back cannot hear the professor.
B) The professor has changed his reading assignment.
C) Some of the students are not on the professor's list.
D) The professor has brought extra copies of his assignment.
8. A) She doesn't want to talk about the contest.
B) She's modest about her success in the contest.
C) She's spent two years studying English in Canada.
D) She's very proud of her success in the speech contest.
9. A) Talking about sports.
B) Writing up local news.
C) Reading newspapers.
D) Putting up advertisements
10. A) They shouldn't change their plan.
B) They'd better change their mind.
C) The tennis game won't last long.
D) Weather forecasts are not reliable.
Section B Compound Dictation
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S8 to SIO you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally; when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
There are a lot of good cameras available at the moment--most of these are made in Japan but there are also good (S1)_____________models from Germany and the USA. We have (S2)_______________range of different models to see which is the best (S3)___________________money. After a number of different tests and interviews with people who are (S4)_________________assessed, our researchers (S5)______________________with the different cameras being the Olympic BY model as the best auto-focus camera available at the moment. It costs $200 although you may well want to spend more--(S6)_______________much as another $200--on buying (S7)_________________lenses and other equipment. It is a good Japanese camera, easy to use. S8)_________________________________________________________________ whereas the American versions are considerably2 more expensive The Olympic BY model weighs only 320 grams which is quite a bit less than other cameras of a similar type. Indeed one of the other models we looked at weighed almost twice as much. (S9)__________________________________________________________. ALL the people we interviewed expressed almost total satisfaction with it (Sl0)___________________________________________________________________
Part II Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Scratchy throats, stuffy3 noses and body aches all spell misery4, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold orflu ( ~,~ ) may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.
The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu(流感), and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That's because the prescription5 drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner aperson starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.
The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses - flu A, B and C. There is no cure for eitherillness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine6 ( ~-~ ), which is, for most people, the bestway to fight the flu, according to the ALA.
But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have manysimilarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.
Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.
The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.
Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However,children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin7 for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome8(综合症) ，a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.Reye syndrome .
There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of Catching9 one.
11. According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help
A) shorten the duration of the illness
B) the patient buy medicine over the counter
C) the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugs
D) prevent people from catching colds and the flu
12. We learn from the passage that
A) one doesn't need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flu
B) aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the flu
C) delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous system
D) over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu
13. According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively,
A) one should identify the virus which causes it
B) one should consult a doctor as soon as possible
C) one should take medicine upon catching the disease
D) one should remain alert when the disease is spreading
14. Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold?
A)A stuffy nose.
B) A high temperature.
Ci A sore throat.
D) A dry cough.
15. If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents
A) are advised not to give them aspirin
B) should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome
C) are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination10
D) should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In'most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation11, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者)listed "to give children a good start'academically" as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for success ful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and math ematics, but rather skills such as persistence12, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.
In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.
Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools.
Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children's chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.
16. We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe
A) Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents
B) Japan's economic success is a result of its scientific achievements
C) Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction
D)Japan's higher education is superior to theirs
17. Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to
A) problem solving
B) group experience
C) parental13 guidance
D) individually-oriented development
18. In Japan's preschool education, the focus is on
A) preparing children academically
B) developing children's artistic14 interests
C) tapping children's potential
D) shaping children's character
19. Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to
A) broaden children's horizon
B) cultivate children's creativity
C) lighten children's study load
D) enrich children's knowledge
20. Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university:based kindergartens?
A) They can do better in their future studies.
B) They can accumulate more group experience there.
C) They can be individually oriented when they grow up.
D) They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.
Passage Three Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960's and 70's, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions15 originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated16 unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation world-wide has decreased significantly.
A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic(北极的) snow were declining.
In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate17 ( 分区) the lead sources. The dominant18 lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.
In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.
Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.
The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990.
The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.
Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem19 (生态系统 ) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric20 pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license21 to pollute.
21. The study published in the journal Nature indicates that
A) the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results
B) lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase
C) lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected
D) the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow
22. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US
A) was discouraged
B) was enforced by law
C) was prohibited by law
D) was introduced
23. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?
A) By analyzing22 the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.
B) By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.
C) By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.
D) By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.
24. The authors of the Ambio study have found that
A) forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected
B) lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with
C) lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US
D) the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions
25. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists
A) are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution
B) feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline
C) still consider lead pollution a problem
D) lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution
Passage Four Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight.Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to "light" beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion23. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.
In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts;for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry24 (小甜饼). Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. "Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight," says York Onnen, program director of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.
Still, exercise's supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained25 almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.
If you have been sedentary (极少活动的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year's time, assuming no increase in food intake26, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.
26. What is said about the average American in the passage?
A) They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of "light" beer.
B) They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.
C) They prefer "light" beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.
D) They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.
27. Some people dislike exercise because
A) they think it is physically27 exhausting
B) they find it hard to exercise while on a diet
C) they don't think it possible to walk 3 miles every day
D) they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome
28. "Even exercise professionals concede half a point here" (Line 3, Para. 2) means "They
A) agree that the calories in a small piece of pastry can be difficult to work off by exercise
B) partially28 believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reduction
C) are not fully1 convinced that dieting can help maintain one's new weight
D) are not sufficiently29 informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight
29. What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Center's study?
A) Controlling one's calorie intake is more important than doing exercise.
B) Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.
C) Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.
D) One could lose ten pounds in a year's time if there's no increase in food intake.
30. What is the author's purpose in writing this article?
A) To justify30 the study of the Boston University Medical Center.
B) To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.
C) To support the statement made by York Onnen.
D) To show the most effective way to lose weight.
Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
31. The machine looked like a large, ，old-fashioned typewriter.
A) forceful
B) clumsy
C) intense
D) tricky31
32. Though she began her by singing in a local pop group,she is now a famous Hollywood movie star.
A) employment
B) career
C) occupation
D) profession
33. Within two weeks of arrival, all foreigners had to with the local police
A) inquire
B) consult
C) register
D) profession
34. Considering your salary, you should be able to at least twenty dollars a week.
A) put forward
B) put up
C) put out
D) put aside
35. As he has our pratience,we’ll not wait for him any longer.
A) torn
B) wasted
C) exhausted32
D) consumed
36. These teachers try to be objective when they the integrated ability of their students
A) justify
B) evaluate
C) indicate
D) reckon
37. Mrs. Morris's daughter is pretty and ,and many girls envy her.
A) slender
B) light
C) faint
D) minor33
38. Tomorrow the mayor is to a group of Canadian businessmen on a tour of the city.
A) coordinate34
B) cooperate
C) accompany
D) associate
39. I'm enough to know it is going to be a very difficult situation to compete against three strong teams.
A) realistic
B) conscious
C) register
D) resolve
40. Can you give me even the clue as to where her son might be?
A) simplest
B) slightest
C) least
D) utmost
41. Norman Davis will be remembered by many with not only as a great scholar but also as a most delightful35 and faithful friend.
A) kindness
B) friendliness36
C) warmth
D) affection
42. Salaries for positions seem to be higher than for permanent ones.
A) legal
B) optional
C) voluntary
D) temporary
43. Most people agree that the present role of women has already affected37 U.S. society.
it has affected the traditional role of men.
A) Above all
B) In all
C) At most
D) At last
44. Science and technology have in important ways to the improvement of agricultural production.
A) attached
B) assisted
C)contributed
D)witnessed
45. As an actor he could communicate a whole of emotions.
A) frame
B) range
C) number
D) scale
46. This is what you should bear in mind: Don't a salary increase before you actually get it.
A) hang on
B) draw on
C) wait on
D) count on
47. The ship's generator38 broke down, and the pumps had to be operated instead of mechanically.
A) artificially
B) automatically
C) manually
D) synthetically39
48. The little girl was so frightened that she just wouldn't her grip on my arm.
A) loosen
B) remove
C) relieve
D) dismiss
49. He never arrives on time and my is that he feels the meetings are useless.
A) preference
B) conference
C) inference
D) reference
50. Mrs. gmithwas so about everything that no servants could please her.
A)speeific
B)speeial
C)precise
D)particular
51. Last night he saw two dark enter the building,and then there was the explosion.
A) features
B) figures
C) sketches40
D) images
52. It is obvious that this new rule is applicable to everyone without
A) exception
B) exclusion41
C) modification42
D) substitution
53. His temper and personalky show that he can become a soldier of the top
A) circle
B) rank
C) category
D) grade
54. During the lecture, the speaker occasionally his point by relating his own experiences.
A) illustrated43
B) hinted
C) cited
D)displayed
55. Only those who can to lose their money should make high-risk investments.
A) maintain
B) sustairt
C) endure
D) afford
56, He found the media attention intolerable and decided44 to go abroad.
A) sufficient
B) constant
C) steady
D) plenty
57. There has been a collision a number of cars on the main road to town.
A) composing
B) consisting
C) involving
D) engaging
58. elephants are difthrent from wild elephants in many aspects, including their tempers.
A) Cultivated
B) Regulated
C) Civil
D) Tame
59. Ten days ago the young man info~ed his boss of his intention to
A) resign
B) reject
C) retreat
D) replace
60. As one of the world's highest paid models, she had her face. for five million dollars
A) deposiled
B) assured
C) measured
D) insured
Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 61 go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 62 you money or can add 63 the cost.
Take the 64 example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might 65 you are making the 66 buy if you choose one 67 look you like and which is also the cheapest 68 price. But when you get it home you may find that it 69 twice as long as a more expensive 70 to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well 71 your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.
So what principles should you 72 when you go out shopping?
If you_ 73 your home, your car or any valuable 74 in excellent condition, you'll be saving money in the long 75 Before you buy a new 76 , talk to someone who owns one.If you can,use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular 77 .
Before you buy an expensive 78 ,or a service,do check the price and 79 is on offer. If possible, choose 80 three items or three estimates.
61. A) form
B) fashion
C) way
D) method
62. A) save
B) preserve
C)in
D)similar
63. A) up
B) to
C) in
D) on
64. A) easy
B) single
C) simple
D) similar
65. A) convince
B) accept
C) examine
D) think
66. A) proper
B) best
C) reasonable
D) most
67. A) its
B) which
C) whose
D) what
68. A) for
B) with
C) in
D) on
69. A) spends
B) takes
C) lasts
D) consumes
70. A) mode
B) copy
C) sample
D)model
71. A) cause
B) make
C) leave
D) prove
72. A) adopt
B) lay
C) stick
D) adapt
73. A)reserve
B) decorate
C) store
D) keep
74. A) products
B) possession
C) material
D) ownership
75. A) run
B) interval45
C) period
D) time
76. A) appliance
B) equipment
C) utility
D) facility
77. A) function
B) purpose
C) goal
D) task
78. A) component46
B) element
C) item
D) particle
79. A) what
B) which
C) that
D) this
80. A) of
B) in
C) by
D) from
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.
A Campaign Speech
1 你认为自己具备是什么条件(能力，性格，爱好)可以胜任学生会主席工作，
2 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？
2005年1月8日四级A卷答案
PartⅠ Listening Comprehension
1.D) The man used to own a car
2.A) Tony should continue taking the course.
3.A) She has to study for the exam.
4.C) They will continue to exist along with on-line education.
5.B) Most students find a job by reading advertisements.
6.D) Finish his assignment.
7.C) Some of the students are not on the professor’s list.
8.B) She’s modest about her success in the contest.
9.C) Reading newspapers.
10.A) They shouldn’t change their plan.
PartⅠSection B Compound Dictation
S1. quality
S2. investigated
S3. value
S4. familiar
S5. recommend
S6. perhaps
S7. additional
S8. Equivalent German models tend to be heavier and slightly less easy to use.
S9. Similarly, it is smaller than most of its competitors, thus fitting easily into a pocket or a handbag.
S10. The only problem was slight awkwardness in loading the film.
PartⅡ Reading Comprehension
11.A) shorten the duration of the illness
12.D) over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu
13.C) one should take medicine upon catching the disease
14.B) A high temperature
15.A) are advised not to give them aspirin
16.C) Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction
17.B) group experience
18.D) shaping children’s character
19.C) lighten children’s study load
20.D) They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.
21.D) the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow
22.B) was enforced by law
23.D) By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.
24.A) forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected
25.C) still consider lead pollution a problem
26.B) They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.
27.B) they find it hard to exercise while on a diet
28.B) partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reduction
29.C) Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.
30.D) To show the most effective way to lose weight.
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
31.B) clumsy
32.B) career
33.C) register
34.D) put aside
35.C) exhausted
36.B) evaluate
37.A) slender
38.C) accompany
39.B) conscious
40.B) slightest
41.D) affection
42.D) temporary
43.A) Above all
44.C) contributed
45.B) range
46.D) count on
47.C) manually
48.A) loosen
49.C) inference
50.D) particular
51.B) figures
52.A) exception
53.B) rank
54.A) illustrated
55.D) afford
56.B) constant
57.C) involving
58.D) Tame
59.A) resign
60.D) insured
Part IV Cloze
61. C)way
62. A)save
63. B)to
64. C)simple
65. D)think
66. B)best
67. B)which
68. C)in
69. B)takes
70. D)model
71. B)make
72. A)adopt
73. D)keep
74. B)possession
75. A)run
76. A)appliance
77. B)purpose
78. C)item
79. A)what
80. D)from
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each convers-ation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example:
You will hear:
You will read."
A) At the office.
B) In the waiting room.
C) At the airport.
D) In a restaurant.
From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This conversation iS most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]
1. A) The man enjoys traveling by car.
B) The man lives far from the subway.
C) The man is good at driving.
D) The man used to own a car.
2. A) Tony should continue taking the course.
B) She approves of Tony's decision.
C) Tony can choose another science course.
D) She can't meet Tony so early in the morning.
3. A) She has to study for the exam.
B) She is particularly interested in plays.
C) She's eager to watch the new play.
D) She can lend her notes to the man.
4. A) They will be replaced by on-line education sooner or later.
B) They will attract fewer kids as on-line education expands.
C) They will continue to exist along with on-line education.
D) They will limit their teaching to certain subjects only.
5. A) Most students would like to work for a newspaper.
B) Most students find a job by reading advertisements.
C) Most students find it hard to get a job after they graduate.
D) Most students don't want jobs advertised in the newspapers.
6. A) Move the washing machine to the basement.
B) Turn the basement into a workshop.
C) Repair the washing machine.
D) Finish his assignment.
7. A) Some students at the back cannot hear the professor.
B) The professor has changed his reading assignment.
C) Some of the students are not on the professor's list.
D) The professor has brought extra copies of his assignment.
8. A) She doesn't want to talk about the contest.
B) She's modest about her success in the contest.
C) She's spent two years studying English in Canada.
D) She's very proud of her success in the speech contest.
9. A) Talking about sports.
B) Writing up local news.
C) Reading newspapers.
D) Putting up advertisements
10. A) They shouldn't change their plan.
B) They'd better change their mind.
C) The tennis game won't last long.
D) Weather forecasts are not reliable.
Section B Compound Dictation
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S8 to SIO you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally; when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
There are a lot of good cameras available at the moment--most of these are made in Japan but there are also good (S1)_____________models from Germany and the USA. We have (S2)_______________range of different models to see which is the best (S3)___________________money. After a number of different tests and interviews with people who are (S4)_________________assessed, our researchers (S5)______________________with the different cameras being the Olympic BY model as the best auto-focus camera available at the moment. It costs $200 although you may well want to spend more--(S6)_______________much as another $200--on buying (S7)_________________lenses and other equipment. It is a good Japanese camera, easy to use. S8)_________________________________________________________________ whereas the American versions are considerably2 more expensive The Olympic BY model weighs only 320 grams which is quite a bit less than other cameras of a similar type. Indeed one of the other models we looked at weighed almost twice as much. (S9)__________________________________________________________. ALL the people we interviewed expressed almost total satisfaction with it (Sl0)___________________________________________________________________
Part II Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Scratchy throats, stuffy3 noses and body aches all spell misery4, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold orflu ( ~,~ ) may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.
The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu(流感), and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That's because the prescription5 drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner aperson starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.
The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses - flu A, B and C. There is no cure for eitherillness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine6 ( ~-~ ), which is, for most people, the bestway to fight the flu, according to the ALA.
But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have manysimilarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.
Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.
The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.
Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However,children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin7 for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome8(综合症) ，a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.Reye syndrome .
There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of Catching9 one.
11. According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help
A) shorten the duration of the illness
B) the patient buy medicine over the counter
C) the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugs
D) prevent people from catching colds and the flu
12. We learn from the passage that
A) one doesn't need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flu
B) aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the flu
C) delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous system
D) over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu
13. According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively,
A) one should identify the virus which causes it
B) one should consult a doctor as soon as possible
C) one should take medicine upon catching the disease
D) one should remain alert when the disease is spreading
14. Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold?
A)A stuffy nose.
B) A high temperature.
Ci A sore throat.
D) A dry cough.
15. If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents
A) are advised not to give them aspirin
B) should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome
C) are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination10
D) should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In'most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation11, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者)listed "to give children a good start'academically" as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for success ful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and math ematics, but rather skills such as persistence12, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.
In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.
Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools.
Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children's chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.
16. We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe
A) Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents
B) Japan's economic success is a result of its scientific achievements
C) Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction
D)Japan's higher education is superior to theirs
17. Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to
A) problem solving
B) group experience
C) parental13 guidance
D) individually-oriented development
18. In Japan's preschool education, the focus is on
A) preparing children academically
B) developing children's artistic14 interests
C) tapping children's potential
D) shaping children's character
19. Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to
A) broaden children's horizon
B) cultivate children's creativity
C) lighten children's study load
D) enrich children's knowledge
20. Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university:based kindergartens?
A) They can do better in their future studies.
B) They can accumulate more group experience there.
C) They can be individually oriented when they grow up.
D) They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.
Passage Three Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960's and 70's, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions15 originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated16 unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation world-wide has decreased significantly.
A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic(北极的) snow were declining.
In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate17 ( 分区) the lead sources. The dominant18 lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.
In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.
Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.
The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990.
The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.
Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem19 (生态系统 ) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric20 pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license21 to pollute.
21. The study published in the journal Nature indicates that
A) the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results
B) lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase
C) lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected
D) the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow
22. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US
A) was discouraged
B) was enforced by law
C) was prohibited by law
D) was introduced
23. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?
A) By analyzing22 the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.
B) By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.
C) By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.
D) By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.
24. The authors of the Ambio study have found that
A) forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected
B) lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with
C) lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US
D) the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions
25. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists
A) are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution
B) feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline
C) still consider lead pollution a problem
D) lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution
Passage Four Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight.Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to "light" beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion23. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.
In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts;for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry24 (小甜饼). Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. "Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight," says York Onnen, program director of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.
Still, exercise's supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained25 almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.
If you have been sedentary (极少活动的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year's time, assuming no increase in food intake26, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.
26. What is said about the average American in the passage?
A) They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of "light" beer.
B) They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.
C) They prefer "light" beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.
D) They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.
27. Some people dislike exercise because
A) they think it is physically27 exhausting
B) they find it hard to exercise while on a diet
C) they don't think it possible to walk 3 miles every day
D) they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome
28. "Even exercise professionals concede half a point here" (Line 3, Para. 2) means "They
A) agree that the calories in a small piece of pastry can be difficult to work off by exercise
B) partially28 believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reduction
C) are not fully1 convinced that dieting can help maintain one's new weight
D) are not sufficiently29 informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight
29. What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Center's study?
A) Controlling one's calorie intake is more important than doing exercise.
B) Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.
C) Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.
D) One could lose ten pounds in a year's time if there's no increase in food intake.
30. What is the author's purpose in writing this article?
A) To justify30 the study of the Boston University Medical Center.
B) To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.
C) To support the statement made by York Onnen.
D) To show the most effective way to lose weight.
Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
31. The machine looked like a large, ，old-fashioned typewriter.
A) forceful
B) clumsy
C) intense
D) tricky31
32. Though she began her by singing in a local pop group,she is now a famous Hollywood movie star.
A) employment
B) career
C) occupation
D) profession
33. Within two weeks of arrival, all foreigners had to with the local police
A) inquire
B) consult
C) register
D) profession
34. Considering your salary, you should be able to at least twenty dollars a week.
A) put forward
B) put up
C) put out
D) put aside
35. As he has our pratience,we’ll not wait for him any longer.
A) torn
B) wasted
C) exhausted32
D) consumed
36. These teachers try to be objective when they the integrated ability of their students
A) justify
B) evaluate
C) indicate
D) reckon
37. Mrs. Morris's daughter is pretty and ,and many girls envy her.
A) slender
B) light
C) faint
D) minor33
38. Tomorrow the mayor is to a group of Canadian businessmen on a tour of the city.
A) coordinate34
B) cooperate
C) accompany
D) associate
39. I'm enough to know it is going to be a very difficult situation to compete against three strong teams.
A) realistic
B) conscious
C) register
D) resolve
40. Can you give me even the clue as to where her son might be?
A) simplest
B) slightest
C) least
D) utmost
41. Norman Davis will be remembered by many with not only as a great scholar but also as a most delightful35 and faithful friend.
A) kindness
B) friendliness36
C) warmth
D) affection
42. Salaries for positions seem to be higher than for permanent ones.
A) legal
B) optional
C) voluntary
D) temporary
43. Most people agree that the present role of women has already affected37 U.S. society.
it has affected the traditional role of men.
A) Above all
B) In all
C) At most
D) At last
44. Science and technology have in important ways to the improvement of agricultural production.
A) attached
B) assisted
C)contributed
D)witnessed
45. As an actor he could communicate a whole of emotions.
A) frame
B) range
C) number
D) scale
46. This is what you should bear in mind: Don't a salary increase before you actually get it.
A) hang on
B) draw on
C) wait on
D) count on
47. The ship's generator38 broke down, and the pumps had to be operated instead of mechanically.
A) artificially
B) automatically
C) manually
D) synthetically39
48. The little girl was so frightened that she just wouldn't her grip on my arm.
A) loosen
B) remove
C) relieve
D) dismiss
49. He never arrives on time and my is that he feels the meetings are useless.
A) preference
B) conference
C) inference
D) reference
50. Mrs. gmithwas so about everything that no servants could please her.
A)speeific
B)speeial
C)precise
D)particular
51. Last night he saw two dark enter the building,and then there was the explosion.
A) features
B) figures
C) sketches40
D) images
52. It is obvious that this new rule is applicable to everyone without
A) exception
B) exclusion41
C) modification42
D) substitution
53. His temper and personalky show that he can become a soldier of the top
A) circle
B) rank
C) category
D) grade
54. During the lecture, the speaker occasionally his point by relating his own experiences.
A) illustrated43
B) hinted
C) cited
D)displayed
55. Only those who can to lose their money should make high-risk investments.
A) maintain
B) sustairt
C) endure
D) afford
56, He found the media attention intolerable and decided44 to go abroad.
A) sufficient
B) constant
C) steady
D) plenty
57. There has been a collision a number of cars on the main road to town.
A) composing
B) consisting
C) involving
D) engaging
58. elephants are difthrent from wild elephants in many aspects, including their tempers.
A) Cultivated
B) Regulated
C) Civil
D) Tame
59. Ten days ago the young man info~ed his boss of his intention to
A) resign
B) reject
C) retreat
D) replace
60. As one of the world's highest paid models, she had her face. for five million dollars
A) deposiled
B) assured
C) measured
D) insured
Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 61 go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 62 you money or can add 63 the cost.
Take the 64 example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might 65 you are making the 66 buy if you choose one 67 look you like and which is also the cheapest 68 price. But when you get it home you may find that it 69 twice as long as a more expensive 70 to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well 71 your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.
So what principles should you 72 when you go out shopping?
If you_ 73 your home, your car or any valuable 74 in excellent condition, you'll be saving money in the long 75 Before you buy a new 76 , talk to someone who owns one.If you can,use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular 77 .
Before you buy an expensive 78 ,or a service,do check the price and 79 is on offer. If possible, choose 80 three items or three estimates.
61. A) form
B) fashion
C) way
D) method
62. A) save
B) preserve
C)in
D)similar
63. A) up
B) to
C) in
D) on
64. A) easy
B) single
C) simple
D) similar
65. A) convince
B) accept
C) examine
D) think
66. A) proper
B) best
C) reasonable
D) most
67. A) its
B) which
C) whose
D) what
68. A) for
B) with
C) in
D) on
69. A) spends
B) takes
C) lasts
D) consumes
70. A) mode
B) copy
C) sample
D)model
71. A) cause
B) make
C) leave
D) prove
72. A) adopt
B) lay
C) stick
D) adapt
73. A)reserve
B) decorate
C) store
D) keep
74. A) products
B) possession
C) material
D) ownership
75. A) run
B) interval45
C) period
D) time
76. A) appliance
B) equipment
C) utility
D) facility
77. A) function
B) purpose
C) goal
D) task
78. A) component46
B) element
C) item
D) particle
79. A) what
B) which
C) that
D) this
80. A) of
B) in
C) by
D) from
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.
A Campaign Speech
1 你认为自己具备是什么条件(能力，性格，爱好)可以胜任学生会主席工作，
2 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？
2005年1月8日四级A卷答案
PartⅠ Listening Comprehension
1.D) The man used to own a car
2.A) Tony should continue taking the course.
3.A) She has to study for the exam.
4.C) They will continue to exist along with on-line education.
5.B) Most students find a job by reading advertisements.
6.D) Finish his assignment.
7.C) Some of the students are not on the professor’s list.
8.B) She’s modest about her success in the contest.
9.C) Reading newspapers.
10.A) They shouldn’t change their plan.
PartⅠSection B Compound Dictation
S1. quality
S2. investigated
S3. value
S4. familiar
S5. recommend
S6. perhaps
S7. additional
S8. Equivalent German models tend to be heavier and slightly less easy to use.
S9. Similarly, it is smaller than most of its competitors, thus fitting easily into a pocket or a handbag.
S10. The only problem was slight awkwardness in loading the film.
PartⅡ Reading Comprehension
11.A) shorten the duration of the illness
12.D) over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu
13.C) one should take medicine upon catching the disease
14.B) A high temperature
15.A) are advised not to give them aspirin
16.C) Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction
17.B) group experience
18.D) shaping children’s character
19.C) lighten children’s study load
20.D) They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.
21.D) the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow
22.B) was enforced by law
23.D) By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.
24.A) forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected
25.C) still consider lead pollution a problem
26.B) They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.
27.B) they find it hard to exercise while on a diet
28.B) partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reduction
29.C) Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.
30.D) To show the most effective way to lose weight.
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
31.B) clumsy
32.B) career
33.C) register
34.D) put aside
35.C) exhausted
36.B) evaluate
37.A) slender
38.C) accompany
39.B) conscious
40.B) slightest
41.D) affection
42.D) temporary
43.A) Above all
44.C) contributed
45.B) range
46.D) count on
47.C) manually
48.A) loosen
49.C) inference
50.D) particular
51.B) figures
52.A) exception
53.B) rank
54.A) illustrated
55.D) afford
56.B) constant
57.C) involving
58.D) Tame
59.A) resign
60.D) insured
Part IV Cloze
61. C)way
62. A)save
63. B)to
64. C)simple
65. D)think
66. B)best
67. B)which
68. C)in
69. B)takes
70. D)model
71. B)make
72. A)adopt
73. D)keep
74. B)possession
75. A)run
76. A)appliance
77. B)purpose
78. C)item
79. A)what
80. D)from
点击
收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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2
considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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3
stuffy
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| adj.不透气的，闷热的 | |
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4
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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5
prescription
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| n.处方，开药；指示，规定 | |
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6
vaccine
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| n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的 | |
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7
aspirin
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| n.阿司匹林 | |
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8
syndrome
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| n.综合病症；并存特性 | |
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9
catching
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| adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住 | |
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10
vaccination
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| n.接种疫苗，种痘 | |
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11
investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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12
persistence
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| n.坚持，持续，存留 | |
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13
parental
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| adj.父母的；父的；母的 | |
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14
artistic
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| adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的 | |
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15
emissions
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| 排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体） | |
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16
mandated
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| adj. 委托统治的 | |
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17
differentiate
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| vi.(between)区分；vt.区别；使不同 | |
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18
dominant
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| adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因 | |
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19
ecosystem
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| n.生态系统 | |
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20
atmospheric
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| adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的 | |
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license
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| n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许 | |
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analyzing
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| v.分析；分析( analyze的现在分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析n.分析 | |
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exertion
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| n.尽力，努力 | |
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pastry
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| n.油酥面团，酥皮糕点 | |
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regained
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| 复得( regain的过去式和过去分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地 | |
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intake
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| n.吸入，纳入；进气口，入口 | |
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physically
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| adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律 | |
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partially
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| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
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sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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justify
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| vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护 | |
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tricky
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| adj.狡猾的，奸诈的；(工作等)棘手的，微妙的 | |
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exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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coordinate
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| adj.同等的，协调的；n.同等者；vt.协作，协调 | |
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delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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friendliness
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| n.友谊，亲切，亲密 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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38
generator
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| n.发电机，发生器 | |
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synthetically
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| adv. 综合地，合成地 | |
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sketches
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| n.草图( sketch的名词复数 )；素描；速写；梗概 | |
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exclusion
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| n.拒绝，排除，排斥，远足，远途旅行 | |
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modification
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| n.修改，改进，缓和，减轻 | |
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43
illustrated
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| adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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interval
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| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
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component
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| n.组成部分，成分，元件；adj.组成的，合成的 | |
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