你可能不知道关于曼德拉的六件事

 

In his youth, Nelson Mandela enjoyed boxing and long-distance running. Even during the 27 years he spent in prison, he would exercise every morning.

 

"I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of it. I was intrigued²（好奇的） by how one moved one's body to protect oneself, how one used a strategy both to attack and retreat, how one paced oneself over a match," he wrote in his autobiography³ Long Walk to Freedom.

 

"Boxing is egalitarian. In the ring, rank, age, colour and wealth are irrelevant⁴... I never did any real fighting after I entered politics. My main interest was in training; I found the rigorous exercise to be an excellent outlet⁵ for tension and stress. After a strenuous⁶ workout, I felt both mentally and physically⁷ lighter," he wrote.

 

Among the memorabilia in the Mandela Family Museum in Soweto, visitors can find the world championship belt given to Mandela by American boxer⁸ Sugar Ray Leonard.

 

 

Rolihlahla Mandela was nine years old when a teacher at the primary Methodist school where he was studying in Qunu, South Africa, gave him an English name - Nelson - in accordance with the custom to give all school children Christian⁹ names.

 

This was common practice in South Africa and in other parts of the continent, where a person could often be given an English name that foreigners would find easier to pronounce.

 

Rolihlahla is not a common name in South Africa. It is Xhosa, one of the 11 official languages in the country, spoken by about 18% of the population. It literally¹⁰ means "pulling the branch of a tree", but its colloquial¹¹（通俗的） meaning is "troublemaker¹²".

 

His circumcision name was Dalibunga, meaning "founder¹³ of the Bunga", the traditional ruling body of the Transkei - the rural area where he was born. "To Xhosa traditionalists, this name is more acceptable than either of my two previous given names," he wrote in his autobiography. However, in South Africa, Mr Mandela was often called by his clan¹⁴ name - Madiba - which South Africans used out of respect.

 

 

Prior to that, along with other former ANC leaders, Mr Mandela was only able to visit the US with special permission from the secretary of state, because the ANC had been designated a terrorist organisation¹⁵ by South Africa's former apartheid government.

 

Ronald Reagan originally placed the ANC on the list in the 1980s.

 

"It is frankly¹⁶ a rather embarrassing matter that I still have to waive¹⁷ in my own counterparts - the foreign minister of South Africa, not to mention the great leader, Nelson Mandela," then-Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said in 2008.

 

The bill scrapping¹⁸ the designation was introduced by Howard Berman, chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, who promised to "wipe away" the "indignity¹⁹".

 

 

Mr Mandela's release on 11 February 1990 followed years of political pressure against apartheid. On the day, he was "astounded²⁰ and a little bit alarmed", he recalled later.

 

Mr Mandela's reading glasses stayed behind in prison Mr Mandela and his then-wife Winnie were taken to the centre of Cape²¹ Town to address a huge and euphoric crowd. But when he pulled out the text of his speech, he realised he had forgotten his glasses and had to borrow Winnie's.

 

 

After going underground because of his ANC activities, Mr Mandela's ability to evade the securities services earned him the nickname "the black Pimpernel", after the novel The Scarlet²⁴ Pimpernel, about a hero with a secret identity.

 

A fake passport in the name of David Motsamayi used by Mr Mandela Mr Mandela is known to have disguised himself as a chauffeur, a gardener and a chef in order to travel around the country unnoticed by the authorities. Nobody seems to know how Mr Mandela, who had been operating underground with a false identity, was ultimately exposed and arrested.

 

 

Mr Mandela studied law on and off for 50 years from 1939, failing about half the courses he took.

 

A two-year diploma in law on top of his university degree allowed him to practise, and in August 1952, he and Oliver Tambo established South Africa's first black law firm, Mandela and Tambo, in Johannesburg.

 

He persevered²⁵ to finally secure a law degree while in prison in 1989.

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