Low levels of pesticides² can impact the foraging³ behaviour of bumblebees on wildflowers, changing their floral preferences and hindering their ability to learn the skills needed to extract nectar and pollen⁴, according to a study co-authored by a University of Guelph professor. The study, published March 14 in Functional⁵ Ecology, is the first to explore how pesticides may impact the ability of bumblebees to forage⁶ from common wildflowers that have complex shapes such as white clover and bird's foot trefoil.

 

Bees and other insects pollinate many of the world's important food crops and wild plants, raising serious concerns about the impacts of reported global pollinator declines for food security and biodiversity. 

 

The researchers found that bumblebees exposed to a realistic level of a neonicotinoid insecticide (thiamethoxam) collected more pollen but took longer to do so than control bees. Pesticide¹-exposed bees also chose to forage from different flowers than control bees.

 

"Bees rely on learning to locate flowers, track their profitability and work out how best to efficiently⁷ extract nectar and pollen," said environmental sciences professor Nigel Raine, the Rebanks Family Chair in Pollinator Conservation at U of G and senior author of the paper. 

 

"If exposure to low levels of pesticide affects their ability to learn, bees may struggle to collect food and impair⁸ the essential pollination⁹ services they provide to both crops and wild plants."

 

Previous studies have found that exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides can cause changes in the brain, more specifically in the areas associated with learning and memory in honeybees. 

 

In this new study, the researchers found that, while bumblebees exposed to pesticides collected more pollen than control bees, control bees were able to learn how to manipulate these complex flowers after fewer visits. 

 

Lead author Dara Stanley, of Royal Holloway University of London, said, "Bumblebees exposed to pesticide initially¹⁰ foraged¹¹ faster and collected more pollen. However unexposed bees may be investing more time and energy in learning. Our findings have important implications for society and the economy as pollinating insects are vital to support agriculture and wild plant biodiversity."

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