San Francisco scientists say they've determined1 why astronauts become sick so easily: weightlessness in space prevents some immunity2 genes3 from working.
The changes affect the activation4 of T-cells, a type of white blood cell that helps defend the body against disease, newscientist.com reported. Other than weightlessness, the only other situation that severely5 diminishes T-cell function is HIV infection.
Millie Hughes-Fulford, a medical professor at the University of California-San Francisco, and colleagues subjected human immune cells to a device that simulates microgravity. The researchers found 91 of 99 genes that activate6 T-cells to destroy invaders7, such as viruses, did not turn on in the simulated microgravity, newscientist.com said.
"There is a specific signal pathway that is not working in the absence of gravity," says Hughes-Fulford. "You're short-circuiting a whole lot of the immune response -- namely, the ability to proliferate8 T-cells -- which shouldn't be a surprise, because life evolved in Earth's gravity field."
中文:
美国旧金山的科学家日前表示,他们已经了解为什么宇航员在太空中那么容易生病了。这是由于太空中的失重状态会抑制宇航员身体中的一些免疫性基因,使其无法工作。
据合众社10月17日报道,在研究过程中,美国加州旧金山大学的医学教授米莉·休斯-富尔福德与其同事将人体免疫细胞放入一个模拟微重力状态的装置中。研究人员发现,在激活T细胞,以使其摧毁“入侵者”(如病毒等)的99种基因中,有91种在微重力环境下无法进入工作状态。T细胞是一种白细胞,它有助于我们的身体免受疾病的侵袭。
对此,休斯-富尔福德表示,“那儿有一个特殊的信号传导通路,它在无重力的条件下无法发挥作用”。他说,在无重力情况下,你阻碍了整个免疫响应(也就是让T细胞增生扩散的能力)的进程。而这没什么值得奇怪的,因为生命就是在地球的重力场内得以进化的。
报道说,这项研究被发表在最新一期美国实验生物学协会联盟的期刊上。