Astronomers¹（天文学家） using the National Science Foundation's Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope have gained tantalizing²（诱人的） insights into the nature of the most distant object ever observed in the Universe -- a gigantic stellar（星球的） explosion known as a Gamma Ray Burst (GRB). The explosion was detected on April 23 by NASA's Swift satellite, and scientists soon realized that it was more than 13 billion light-years from Earth. It represents an event that occurred 630 million years after the Big Bang, when the Universe was only four percent of its current age of 13.7 billion years.

"This explosion provides an unprecedented³（空前的） look at an era when the Universe was very young and also was undergoing（遭受，经历） drastic（激烈的，猛烈的） changes. The primal⁴（最初的，原始的） cosmic darkness was being pierced（穿通的） by the light of the first stars and the first galaxies⁵ were beginning to form. The star that exploded in this event was a member of one of these earliest generations of stars," said Dale Frail⁶ of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory⁷.

Astronomers turned telescopes from around the world to study the blast, dubbed⁸ GRB 090423. The VLA first looked for the object the day after the discovery, detected the first radio waves from the blast a week later, then recorded changes in the object until it faded from view more than two months later.

"It's important to study these explosions with many kinds of telescopes. Our research team combined data from the VLA with data from X-ray and infrared⁹ telescopes（红外望远镜） to piece together some of the physical conditions of the blast," said Derek Fox of Pennsylvania State University. "The result is a unique look into the very early Universe that we couldn't have gotten any other way," he added.

The scientists concluded that the explosion was more energetic than most GRBs, was a nearly-spherical（球面的，球状的） blast, and that it expanded into a tenuous¹⁰（稀薄的，贫乏的） and relatively¹¹ uniform gaseous¹² medium（气体介质） surrounding the star.

Astronomers suspect that the very first stars in the Universe were very different -- brighter, hotter, and more massive -- from those that formed later. They hope to find evidence for these giants by observing objects as distant as GRB 090423 or more distant.

"The best way to distinguish these distant, early-generation stars is by studying their explosive deaths, as supernovae（超新星） or Gamma Ray Bursts," said Poonam Chandra, of the Royal Military College of Canada, and leader of the research team. While the data on GRB 090423 don't indicate that it resulted from the death of such a monster star, new astronomical¹³ tools are coming that may reveal them.

"The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), will allow us to pick out these very-distant GRBs more easily so we can target them for intense followup observations. The Expanded Very Large Array, with much greater sensitivity than the current VLA, will let us follow these blasts much longer and learn much more about their energies and environments. We'll be able to look back even further in time," Frail said. Both ALMA and the EVLA are scheduled for completion in 2012.