水生动物也会影响洋流
文章来源:未知 文章作者:meng 发布时间:2009-11-23 02:58 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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Understanding mixing in the ocean is of fundamental importance to modeling climate change or predicting the effects of an El Niño(厄尔尼诺海流) on our weather. Modern ocean models primarily incorporate the effects of winds and tides. However, they do not generally take into account the mixing generated by swimming animals. More than 60 years ago, oceanographers predicted that the effect of swimming animals could be profound(深奥的,深厚的). Accounting1 for this effort has proven difficult, though, so it has not entered into today's models.

Now Kakani Katija and John Dabiri at the California Institute of Technology have developed a way to estimate the extent of "biogenic(由生物活动产生的)" mixing. After conducting field measurements on swimming jellyfish(水母,海蜇), they built models of how animals mix the waters ocean-wide and concluded that the effect may be extensive.

"Swimming animals may contribute to ocean mixing on the same level as winds and tides," says Katija. "This necessitates2(迫使,需要) the inclusion(包含) of biogenic mixing sources in ocean circulation(海洋环流) and global climate models."

Katija will present these findings this month at the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society's (APS) Division of Fluid Dynamics3 will take place from November 22-24 at the Minneapolis Convention Center.

Most of this mixing is due to the displacement4 created by the movement of animal bodies through the water -- rather than by the turbulence5(喧嚣,狂暴) that is stirred up(搅拌,激起) by fish as they swim. This displacement is found to depend primarily on the shape of the animal rather than the dynamics(力学,动力学) of the animal's swimming motion.

Moreover, says Katija, only a small part of the mixing comes from the mighty6 creatures that inhabit the deep. Most of it is due to meeker7, but much more plentiful8, animals -- the tiny krill(磷虾), copepods(桡足类), and other small critters(动物,生物) that make up the vast majority of organisms swimming in the ocean.



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1 accounting nzSzsY     
n.会计,会计学,借贷对照表
参考例句:
  • A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
  • There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。
2 necessitates 4a421c24d0717e67b81bbcf227596ade     
使…成为必要,需要( necessitate的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • The increase in population necessitates a greater food supply. 人口的增加需要更多食物供应。
  • Your proposal necessitates borrowing money. 你的提议使借款成为必要。
3 dynamics NuSzQq     
n.力学,动力学,动力,原动力;动态
参考例句:
  • In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利,你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
  • Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。
4 displacement T98yU     
n.移置,取代,位移,排水量
参考例句:
  • They said that time is the feeling of spatial displacement.他们说时间是空间位移的感觉。
  • The displacement of all my energy into caring for the baby.我所有精力都放在了照顾宝宝上。
5 turbulence 8m9wZ     
n.喧嚣,狂暴,骚乱,湍流
参考例句:
  • The turbulence caused the plane to turn over.空气的激流导致飞机翻转。
  • The world advances amidst turbulence.世界在动荡中前进。
6 mighty YDWxl     
adj.强有力的;巨大的
参考例句:
  • A mighty force was about to break loose.一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。
  • The mighty iceberg came into view.巨大的冰山出现在眼前。
7 meeker 6a86b09fc0f93fbf29abc5a5a10fcdd2     
adj.温顺的,驯服的( meek的比较级 )
参考例句:
  • I know about Greg Meeker and his pathetic little scam. 我了解格雷格·米克和他的可怜的小骗局。 来自电影对白
8 plentiful r2izH     
adj.富裕的,丰富的
参考例句:
  • Their family has a plentiful harvest this year.他们家今年又丰收了。
  • Rainfall is plentiful in the area.这个地区雨量充足。
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