Several maladaptive不适应的 eating behaviors, beyond anorexia厌食, can affect women. Indeed, some 10 to 15 percent of women have maladaptive eating behaviours and attitudes according to new study from the Université de Montréal and the Douglas Mental Health University Institute published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders². "Our results are disquieting令人不安的," says Lise Gauvin, a professor at the Université de Montréal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. "Women are exposed to many contradictory矛盾的，反驳的 messages. They are encouraged to lose weight yet also encouraged to eat for the simple pleasure of it."

Some 1,501 women took part in the phone survey on eating disorders and disordered eating. Not one participant was classified as anorexic. The average age of these urban-dwelling住所，寓所 participants was 31, the majority of respondents were non-smokers and university graduates.

Dr. Gauvin says the study sheds new light on进一步提供消息 binge狂欢，放纵 eating and bulimia暴食症, which are characterized in part by excessive eating accompanied by feelings of having lost control. "About 13.7 percent of women interviewed for this study reported binge eating one to five days or one to seven times per month," she says, noting 2.5 percent of women reported forcing themselves to vomit呕吐, use laxatives泻药, or use diuretics利尿剂 to maintain their weight or shape.

The investigation⁵ also established a link between problematic eating behaviours and self-rated health. In other words, deviant不正常的 eating behaviours are more likely to occur in women who perceived themselves to be in poor health.

Another finding of the study was that 28 percent of women complete intense exercise twice a month with the sole objective of losing weight or influencing. "We practice a sport for the pleasure it provides, to feel good, but when the activity is done to gain control over one's weight and figure, it is indicative of someone who could be excessively concerned about their weight," says Dr. Gauvin. "Our data suggests that a proportion of the female population displays maladaptive eating patterns."