真菌烟气可有效清除农作物害虫
文章来源:未知 文章作者:meng 发布时间:2010-02-20 03:26 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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A cocktail1 of compounds emitted by the beneficial fungus2(真菌) Muscodor albus may offer a biologically based way to fumigate3(熏蒸) certain crops and rid them of destructive pests. That's the indication from Agricultural Research Service (ARS农业研究局) studies in which scientists pitted Muscodor against potato tuber(块茎) moths5, apple codling moths(苹果小卷蛾) and Tilletia fungi6 that cause bunt diseases in wheat. The scientists--at ARS laboratories in Aberdeen, Idaho; Wapato, Wash., and other locations--conducted separate studies of Muscodor. However, their goal was the same: to learn whether volatile7(不稳定的,挥发性的) organic compounds (VOCs) released by the fungus could replace or diminish(减少,变小) the use of synthetic8 pesticides9.

In field trials conducted since 2007, ARS plant pathologist(植物病理学家) Blair Goates found that treating wheat seed or the soil with a formulation of Muscodor and ground rye completely prevented common bunt under moderate disease conditions. Caused by the fungus T. tritici, common bunt reduces wheat yields and grain quality. Although chemical fungicide seed treatments have kept common bunt outbreaks to a minimum, alternative controls are worth exploring if the chemicals lose effectiveness or are discontinued, notes Goates, with the ARS Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit in Aberdeen. Results from this study were published in the Canadian Journal of Microbiology.

At the ARS Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory in Wapato, entomologist(昆虫学者) Lerry Lacey and colleagues tested Muscodor against potato tuber moths, which damage potato leaves and tubers, and apple codling moths, which feed inside apples. In fumigation10 chamber11 tests, 85 to 91 percent of adult codling moths died when exposed to Muscodor fumes12, while 62 to 71 percent of larvae13(幼虫,幼体) died or failed to pupate(化蛹) . In apple storage tests, a 14-day exposure to Muscodor killed 100 percent of cocooned14(茧,乱囊) codling moth4 larvae, which are especially difficult to control.

Lacey and colleagues have also been testing Muscodor's effectiveness in biofumigating sealed cartons(纸板盒,箱数) of apples stored at various temperatures. The results have been encouraging so far, he reports, and there appears to be no adverse15 effect(不利影响,副作用) on the apples' color, firmness or other characteristics.



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1 cocktail Jw8zNt     
n.鸡尾酒;餐前开胃小吃;混合物
参考例句:
  • We invited some foreign friends for a cocktail party.我们邀请了一些外国朋友参加鸡尾酒会。
  • At a cocktail party in Hollywood,I was introduced to Charlie Chaplin.在好莱坞的一次鸡尾酒会上,人家把我介绍给查理·卓别林。
2 fungus gzRyI     
n.真菌,真菌类植物
参考例句:
  • Mushrooms are a type of fungus.蘑菇是一种真菌。
  • This fungus can just be detected by the unaided eye.这种真菌只用肉眼就能检查出。
3 fumigate j65yg     
v.烟熏;用香薰
参考例句:
  • As preventive,spray plants with systemic insecticide or fumigate them regularly.作为预防措施,要用内吸杀虫剂对植物定期喷洒,或熏蒸。
  • The hospital ward was fumigated after the outbreak of typhus.发现斑疹伤寒以后,医院的病房进行了烟熏消毒。
4 moth a10y1     
n.蛾,蛀虫
参考例句:
  • A moth was fluttering round the lamp.有一只蛾子扑打着翅膀绕着灯飞。
  • The sweater is moth-eaten.毛衣让蛀虫咬坏了。
5 moths de674306a310c87ab410232ea1555cbb     
n.蛾( moth的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The moths have eaten holes in my wool coat. 蛀虫将我的羊毛衫蛀蚀了几个小洞。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The moths tapped and blurred at the window screen. 飞蛾在窗帘上跳来跳去,弄上了许多污点。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
6 fungi 6hRx6     
n.真菌,霉菌
参考例句:
  • Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
  • The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。
7 volatile tLQzQ     
adj.反复无常的,挥发性的,稍纵即逝的,脾气火爆的;n.挥发性物质
参考例句:
  • With the markets being so volatile,investments are at great risk.由于市场那么变化不定,投资冒着很大的风险。
  • His character was weak and volatile.他这个人意志薄弱,喜怒无常。
8 synthetic zHtzY     
adj.合成的,人工的;综合的;n.人工制品
参考例句:
  • We felt the salesman's synthetic friendliness.我们感觉到那位销售员的虚情假意。
  • It's a synthetic diamond.这是人造钻石。
9 pesticides abb0488ed6905584ea91347395a890e8     
n.杀虫剂( pesticide的名词复数 );除害药物
参考例句:
  • vegetables grown without the use of pesticides 未用杀虫剂种植的蔬菜
  • There is a lot of concern over the amount of herbicides and pesticides used in farming. 人们对农业上灭草剂和杀虫剂的用量非常担忧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 fumigation 58dc25d0eb35407a159f94b5087167be     
n.烟熏,熏蒸;忿恨
参考例句:
  • We think that the fumigation can be done in a large, round metal container. 我们觉得熏蒸过程可以在一个大圆金属容器内进行。 来自辞典例句
  • In the northern states fumigation is needed only after insect outbreaks occur. 在北部各州,只在虫害发生后才进行熏蒸。 来自辞典例句
11 chamber wnky9     
n.房间,寝室;会议厅;议院;会所
参考例句:
  • For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说,牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
  • The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。
12 fumes lsYz3Q     
n.(强烈而刺激的)气味,气体
参考例句:
  • The health of our children is being endangered by exhaust fumes. 我们孩子们的健康正受到排放出的废气的损害。
  • Exhaust fumes are bad for your health. 废气对健康有害。
13 larvae w2CxP     
n.幼虫
参考例句:
  • Larvae are parasitic on sheep.幼虫寄生在绵羊的身上。
  • The larvae prey upon small aphids.这种幼虫以小蚜虫为食。
14 cocooned cdac0c6af8a5260ddcdbf56d7280422e     
v.茧,蚕茧( cocoon的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The doctors cocooned the patient in blankets. 医生们将病人紧包在毯子里。 来自辞典例句
  • I cocooned in my own kingdom. 我完全沉迷在我自己的王国中。 来自辞典例句
15 adverse 5xBzs     
adj.不利的;有害的;敌对的,不友好的
参考例句:
  • He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。
  • The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。
TAG标签: crops pests fungus
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