A Mailman School of Public Health study examining the effects of institutional（学会的，制度的） discrimination on the psychiatric（精神病学的） health of lesbian, gay and bisexual（雌雄同体的，两性的） (LGB) individuals found an increase in psychiatric disorders² among the LGB population living in states that instituted（创立，设置） bans on same-sex marriage. The study, published in the March issue of the American Journal of Public Health, is available online. Deborah Hasin, PhD, professor of clinical Epidemiology at the Mailman School of Public Health and senior author, and colleagues at the NYS Psychiatric Institute and Harvard University analyzed³ data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Participants were initially⁴ interviewed during 2001 – 2002 (Wave 1) and again during the period 2004-2005 (Wave 2), at which time participants' sexual orientation⁵（性取向） was assessed（评估，核算） .

"To address the impact of institutional discrimination on mental health, we examined whether LGB individuals living in states that instituted constitutional amendments⁶（宪法修正案） banning gay marriage via the 2004-2005 elections evidenced increased rates of psychiatric disorders between Wave 1 and Wave 2 of the survey," according to the authors.

Among LGB study participants living in these states, the prevalence（流行，普遍） of mood disorders, generalized anxiety disorder¹ and alcohol use disorders increased significantly between Wave 1 to Wave 2, with the greatest increase, more than 200%, in generalized anxiety disorder. The prevalence of any psychiatric disorder also increased slightly among heterosexual（异性恋的） respondents, but to a much lesser⁷ extent than their LGB counterparts.

"Before this study, little was known about the impact of institutional discrimination toward lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals in our society," said Dr. Hasin. "The study highlights the importance of abolishing（废除，取消） institutional forms of discrimination, including those leading to disparities in the mental health and well-being⁸ of LGB individuals."

Institutional discrimination is characterized by societal-level conditions that limit the opportunities and access to resources by socially-disadvantaged groups.

During the 2004 election and soon after, the authors note, 14 states approved constitutional amendments restricting marriage to unions between heterosexual couples.