Washing your hands "wipes the slate¹ clean（一笔勾销） ," removing doubts about recent choices. That's the key finding of a University of Michigan study published in the current (May 7) issue of Science.

The study, conducted by U-M psychologists（心理学家） Spike² W. S. Lee and Norbert Schwarz, expands on past research by showing that hand-washing does more than remove the guilt³ of past misdeeds（罪行，犯罪） .

"It's not just that washing your hands contributes to moral cleanliness as well as physical cleanliness, as seen in earlier research" said Lee, a doctoral candidate in social psychology⁴. "Our studies show that washing also reduces the influence of past behaviors and decisions that have no moral implications（含意，启示） whatsoever⁵."

For the study, Lee and Schwarz, who is affiliated⁶ with（交往，参加） the U-M Institute for Social Research (ISR) and the Ross School of Business in addition to the Department of Psychology, asked undergraduate students（本科生） to browse⁷ through 30 CD covers as part of an alleged⁸ consumer survey. Participants picked 10 CDs they would like to own, ranking them by preference. Later, the experimenter offered them a choice between their 5th and 6th ranked CDs as a token of appreciation⁹. Following that choice, participants completed an ostensibly（表面上，外表） unrelated product survey---of liquid soap（洗手液） . Half merely examined the bottle before answering while the others tested the soap by washing their hands. After completing a filler task, participants were asked to rank the 10 CDs again.

"People who merely examined the soap bottle dealt with their doubts about their decision by changing how they saw the CDs: As in hundreds of earlier studies, once they had made a choice, they saw the chosen CD as much more attractive than before and the rejected CD as much less attractive. But hand-washing eliminated this classic effect. Once participants had washed their hands, they no longer needed to justify¹⁰ their choice when they ranked the CDs the second time around," Schwarz said.

The researchers replicated¹¹ the findings in a study using a different task---taste expectations of jars of fruit jams and ostensibly unrelated surveys of antiseptic（防腐的，抗菌的） wipes. "Participants who merely examined an antiseptic wipe after choosing a jar of fruit jam expected the taste of the chosen jam to far exceed the taste of the rejected one. This difference was eliminated when participants tested the antiseptic wipe by cleaning their hands," said Lee.

According to the authors, the results show that as much as washing can cleanse¹² us from traces of past immoral¹³ behavior, it can also cleanse us from traces of past decisions, reducing the need to justify them.

This "clean slate" effect may be relevant to many choices in life. Does washing away the urge to justify one's choice of one car over another, or even one partner over another, result in less rosy¹⁴ evaluations¹⁵ of them in the long run? If so, does this increase buyer's remorse¹⁶（懊悔，同情） because buyers are less likely to convince themselves that they made the best choice possible?