Scientists at the University of East Anglia, have shown that fungus¹（真菌，菌类） -farming ants are using multiple antibiotics³（抗生素） as weed killers⁴ to maintain their fungus gardens. Research led by Dr Matt Hutchings and published today in the journal BMC Biology shows that ants use the antibiotics to inhibit⁵ the growth of unwanted fungi⁶ and bacteria in their fungus cultures which they use to feed their larvae⁷（幼虫） and queen.

These antibiotics are produced by actinomycete（放射菌类） bacteria that live on the ants in a mutual⁸ symbiosis⁹（共生，共栖） .

Although these ants have been studied for more than 100 years this is the first demonstration¹⁰ that a single ant colony uses multiple antibiotics and is reminiscent of（令人回忆起） the use of multidrug therapy to treat infections in humans.

The work, which was funded by the UK Medical Research Council, has also identified a new antibiotic² that could be used to treat fungal infections.

Fungiculture in the insect world is practiced by ants, termites¹¹（白蚁） , beetles¹² and gall¹³ midges（五倍子蝇） .

Dr Hutchings' research investigates the Acromyrmex octospinosus leaf cutter ant, endemic（地方病） in South and Central America and the southern US. These ants form the largest and most complex animal societies on earth with colonies of up to several million individuals. The garden worker ants researched were collected from three colonies in Trinidad and Tobago.

Dr Hutchings said: "This was really a fun project which started with a PhD student, Joerg Barke, streaking¹⁴ leaf-cutting ants onto agar plates（琼脂板） to isolate¹⁵ antibiotic producing bacteria.

"We found a new antifungal compound that is related to a clinically important antifungal named nystatin（制真菌素） so we're excited about the potential of these ants and other insects to provide us with new antibiotics for medical use.

"It's also very exciting that ants not only evolved agriculture before humans but also combination therapy with natural antibiotics. Humans are just starting to realise that this is one way to slow down the rise of drug resistant¹⁶ bacteria - the so called superbugs.

"Joerg, with his colleagues Ryan Seipke and Sabine Gruschow, really pushed this project forwards and made these major discoveries. They really deserve most of the credit for this work," he added.