A majority of adults in California are obese¹（肥胖的） or overweight, and more than 2 million have been diagnosed with diabetes²（糖尿病） , according to a new study from the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. Both conditions — which are related to each other as well as to heart disease — increased significantly in just six years, with the prevalence of diabetes alone jumping nearly 26 percent between 2001 and 2007.

The "epidemic³" of obesity⁴ and diabetes leaves no racial, ethnic⁵, economic or geographic⁶ segment of the state unscathed（未受伤的） , according to the researchers. Although American Indians, African Americans and Latinos are particularly affected⁷ by both obesity and diabetes, these conditions increased among all racial and ethnic groups between 2001 and 2007.

Similarly, while both conditions disproportionately（不成比例地） affect the poorest Californians, there were upward trends in prevalence among all income groups during the same time period. California's youth are also affected: More than a quarter of California adolescents — some 970,000 children — are obese or overweight.

"When so many people of different ages, income and educational levels, and cultural backgrounds are struggling with obesity and diabetes, it suggests that 'going on a diet' is not enough," said research co-author Dr. Allison Diamant, a faculty⁸ associate with the center and an associate adjunct professor（兼职教授，副教授） of general internal medicine and health services research. "We need to take a hard look at the environmental and structural⁹ factors that contribute to these conditions.

The study specifically recommends that policymakers and others seek ways to increase access to recreational facilities and parks, as well as promote policies that encourage farmers markets and improve access to food outlets¹⁰ that stock fresh fruits and vegetables and other healthy fare.

The consequences of failure are severe. California is falling far short of the targets for obesity and diabetes set by Healthy People 2010, a national health-promotion and disease-prevention plan. For example, obesity among California adolescents is more than twice as high as the national target of 5.0 percent, while the rate of diabetes among California adults is more than three times the federal goal of 2.5 percent of the population.

"It is a travesty¹¹（歪曲，滑稽作品） that beer and Flaming Hot Cheetos are more readily available than an apple in low-income communities across the state," said Dr. Robert K. Ross, president and CEO of The California Endowment, which supported the study. "Local governments must support community efforts to bring in healthy food to these communities and expand opportunities for children and families to engage in physical activity by cleaning up parks and improving community safety."

In California, the total annual cost of diabetes is estimated to be $24 billion, with $17 billion spent on direct medical care and $7 billion on indirect costs associated with the disease. The cost of obesity to families, employers, the health care industry and the government is equally steep: $21 billion. If obesity and diabetes continue to affect more and more of the population, the associated costs will continue to grow.

Although there are a number of factors associated with diabetes and obesity, ranging from genetics to individual behaviors, the composition and structure of neighborhoods and social environments have been increasingly implicated¹² as impediments（妨碍，困难） to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Both physical activity and healthy eating are important for preventing and reducing obesity and diabetes.

California has enacted¹³ reforms to encourage healthy eating, including requiring chain restaurants to display calorie information and prohibiting the sale of soda¹⁴ and other sweetened beverages¹⁵（饮料，酒水） on K school campuses.