新方程式可促进太阳能电池材料的研究_英语科普

新方程式可促进太阳能电池材料的研究

文章来源：未知文章作者：meng 发布时间：2010-10-21 01:26 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

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A groundbreaking new equation（方程式，等式） developed in part by researchers at the University of Michigan could do for organic semiconductors² what the Shockley ideal diode（二极管） equation did for inorganic³ semiconductors: help to enable their wider adoption⁴. Without the Shockley equation, the computers of today would not be possible.

Developed in 1949 by William Shockley, the inventor of the transistor⁵, the Shockley equation describes the relationship between electric current and voltage in inorganic semiconductors such as silicon⁶.

The new equation describes the relationship of current to voltage at the junctions⁷ of organic semiconductors---carbon-rich compounds that don't necessarily come from a biological source, but resemble them. Organic semiconductors present special challenges for researchers because they are more disordered than their inorganic counterparts. But they could enable advanced solar cells, thin and intense OLED (organic light-emitting diode) displays, and high-efficiency lighting⁸.

"The field of organic semiconductor¹ research is still in its infancy⁹. We're not making complicated circuits with them yet, but in order to do that someday, we need to know the precise relationship of current and voltage. Our new equation gives us fundamental insights into how charge moves in this class of materials. From my perspective, it's a very significant advance," said Steve Forrest, the William Gould Dow Collegiate Professor of Electrical Engineering and U-M vice¹⁰ president for research.

Forrest and his doctoral students, Noel Giebink (now at Argonne National Laboratories) and Brian Lassiter, in the U-M Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, contributed to this research. Two papers on the work are published in the current edition of Physical Review B.

About six years ago, researchers in Forrest's lab realized that they could use Shockley's equation to describe the current/voltage relationship in their organic solar cells to a degree.

"It fit nicely if you didn't look too hard," Forrest said.

Their findings were published, and from that time on, many physicists¹¹ and engineers used the Shockley equation for organic semiconductors even though it didn't describe the physics perfectly¹². The new equation does.

Forrest says it will allow researchers to better describe and predict the properties of the different organic semiconductors they're working with. And in that way, they'll be able to more efficiently¹³ choose which material best suits the needs of the device they're working on.

"People have been investigating organic semiconductors for 70 or 80 years, but we're just entering the world of applications," Forrest said. "This work will help advance the field forward."

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1 semiconductor
n.半导体
参考例句：
In the beginning,engineers hoped to use semiconductor lasers.在开始时，工程师们希望能够利用半导体激光器。 The main agent of the company brand semiconductor sales.本公司主要代理各品牌半导体销售。

2 semiconductors
n.半导体( semiconductor的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Crystals may be insulators, semiconductors, or conductors. 晶体可以是绝缘体，半导体，或导体。来自辞典例句 Semiconductors containing such impurities are called p-type semiconductors. 含有这类杂质的半导体叫做P型半导体。来自辞典例句

3 inorganic
adj.无生物的；无机的
参考例句：
The fundamentals of inorganic chemistry are very important.无机化学的基础很重要。 This chemical plant recently bought a large quantity of inorganic salt.这家化工厂又买进了大量的无机盐。

4 adoption
n.采用，采纳，通过；收养
参考例句：
An adoption agency had sent the boys to two different families.一个收养机构把他们送给两个不同的家庭。 The adoption of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden.采取这一政策会给他们解除一个巨大的负担。

5 transistor
n.晶体管，晶体管收音机
参考例句：
This make of transistor radio is small and beautifully designed.这半导体收音机小巧玲珑。 Every transistor has at least three electrodes.每个晶体管至少有三个电极。

6 silicon
n.硅(旧名矽)
参考例句：
This company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。 A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp.芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。

7 junctions
联结点( junction的名词复数 )；会合点；（公路或铁路的）交叉路口；（电缆等的）主结点
参考例句：
Metals which were mutually soluble would tend to give strong junctions. 可互溶的金属趋向于产生牢固的结合点。 Some adhering junctions are present as narrow bands connecting two cells. 有些粘附连接以一窄带的形式连接两个细胞。

8 lighting
n.照明，光线的明暗，舞台灯光
参考例句：
The gas lamp gradually lost ground to electric lighting.煤气灯逐渐为电灯所代替。 The lighting in that restaurant is soft and romantic.那个餐馆照明柔和而且浪漫。

9 infancy
n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期
参考例句：
He came to England in his infancy.他幼年时期来到英国。 Their research is only in its infancy.他们的研究处于初级阶段。

10 vice
n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的
参考例句：
He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。 They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

11 physicists
物理学家( physicist的名词复数 )
参考例句：
For many particle physicists, however, it was a year of frustration. 对于许多粒子物理学家来说，这是受挫折的一年。来自英汉非文学 - 科技 Physicists seek rules or patterns to provide a framework. 物理学家寻求用法则或图式来构成一个框架。

12 perfectly
adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地
参考例句：
The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。 Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

13 efficiently
adv.高效率地，有能力地
参考例句：
The worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。 Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。

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