A brand-new bacterial1 species has been found aboard the RMS Titanic2, which is contributing to its deterioration3(恶化,退化) . The discovery reveals a potential new microbial threat to the exterior4 of ships and underwater metal structures such as oil rigs. The researchers, who report their findings in the latest issue of the International Journal of Systematic5 and Evolutionary6 Microbiology published on 8 December, isolated7 the micro-organisms from a 'rusticle', collected from the RMS Titanic, 3.8 km below the ocean surface.
The novel bacterium8(细菌) has been named Halomonas titanicae by the scientists from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada and the University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain. The team also tested the rusting9 ability of the bacterium - and found that it was able to adhere to steel surfaces, creating knob-like mounds10 of corrosion11 products, which they will be reporting in an upcoming paper.
A similar bacterial corrosive12(腐蚀的) process is thought to be responsible for the formation of the rusticles – which resemble rusty13 icicles – that adorn14 the hull15 of the RMS Titanic. While these appear to be solid structures, rusticles are highly porous16(能渗透的) and support a complex variety of bacteria, suggesting that H. titanicae may work in conjunction with(连同,共同) other organisms to speed up the corrosion of the metal.
The RMS Titanic was made up of 50,000 tons of iron and has been progressively deteriorating17 for the past 98 years. Lead researchers Dr Bhavleen Kaur and Dr Henrietta Mann, from Dalhousie University explained that the role of microbes in this process is now starting to be understood. "We believe H. titanicae plays a part in the recycling of iron structures at certain depths. This could be useful in the disposal of old naval18 and merchant ships and oil rigs that have been cleaned of toxins19 and oil-based products and then sunk in the deep ocean."
Dr Kaur and Dr Mann believe that the findings have opened up further areas of research that could have applications for industry. "We don't know yet whether this species arrived aboard the RMS Titanic before or after it sank. We also don't know if these bacteria cause similar damage to offshore20 oil and gas pipelines," they said. "Finding answers to these questions will not only better our understanding of our oceans, but may also equip us to devise(设计,发明) coatings that can prevent similar deterioration to other metal structures."