Woody ornamental¹ plants（观赏植物） with colorful or unusually shaped stems, buds, flowers, or fruits represent a growing specialty² niche³ in cut flower production markets. These unique plants can be good prospects⁴ for off-season production, offering distinct benefits such as extended growing seasons, respectable financial returns, hardiness⁵, and the ability to produce multiple harvests from single plantings. A research team from the Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture at the University of Connecticut recently published the results of a poll of North American willow⁶ "cut stem" producers. The study was designed to identify willow growers' profiles, production acreages（面积） , and gross sales, to evaluate consistency⁷ in production practices, and to assess the prospective⁸ market value for crop expansion. According to Yulia A. Kuzovkina, corresponding author of the study, the potential exists to significantly expand the consumer market for woody cut stems, but until recently "woody floral crops have received little formal research attention to determine the best cultural practices for optimal⁹（最佳的） yields".

Willow is among the most popular woody plant used in cut stem production operations; species and varieties exhibit a range of unique ornamental attributes, including showy catkins, brightly colored stems, and contorted（扭曲，弯曲） , or "fasciated", stems. Willows¹⁰ are typically harvested during the late winter months when few plants are available for field production in temperate¹¹ climates. Cash returns for willow growers can range from $1.25-1.75 per stem for species harvested for ornamental catkins, and annual gross financial returns for willow plants—reported at up to $24.94 per plant—are much higher than for many other woody florals（花的） .

The team distributed a survey to willow growers throughout North America. The survey included questions concerning business identity and cultural practices, including plant spacing, fertilization, irrigation, and pruning¹²（修剪） methods. Survey responses confirmed that willow was a supplemental source of income for most growers, complementing¹³ a larger product selection of woody and herbaceous（草本的，绿色的） species for cut flower production.

The majority of growers expressed the importance of including willow in their product selection and noted¹⁴ a desire to increase production acreage and extend seasonal¹⁵ markets. The responses also revealed what the research team refers to as "the nonscientific nature of willow production", evidenced by growers' wide variations in basic cultural practices, limited use of scientific plant names, and frequent inability to accurately¹⁶ identify their selections.

"This survey can help researchers to identify a set of questions to improve the understanding of the fundamentals of willow production through the development of precise commercial production practices, standardization¹⁷ of variety names, and stimulation¹⁸ of further development of this crop through market expansion", noted Kuzovkina.