There's an old saying that if you don't like the weather in New Mexico, wait five minutes. Maybe it should be amended1 to 10,000 years, according to new research. In a letter published recently in the journal Nature, Los Alamos National Laboratory researchers and an international team of scientists report that the Southwest region of the United States undergoes "megadroughts"—warmer, more arid2(干旱的) periods lasting3 hundreds of years or longer. More significantly, a portion of the research indicates that an ancient period of warming may be analogous4 to natural present-day climate conditions. If so, a cooler, wetter period may be in store for the region, unless it is thwarted5(挫败,反对) by increased concentrations of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere that could warm the planet.
Using a long core of sediments7 obtained in 2004 from beneath a dry lakebed located on the Valles Caldera National Preserve—an 86,000-acre grassland8 located on the site of a dormant9(休眠的,静止的) prehistoric10 volcano about 20 miles west of Los Alamos—the researchers were able to peer back in time into the climate as it existed between 360,000 and 550,000 years ago. Layers in the 260-foot-long sediment6 core were easily distinguishable, and were bounded by distinct layers of volcanic11 ash that allowed for very accurate dating. Researchers looked at chemical constituents12 trapped within the layers as well as plant and pollen13 debris14 to characterize the climate conditions of the time.
The sediment layers from beneath the South Mountain Lake covered two "interglacial" periods. Such periods are significant because they represent a time between ice ages when warmer temperatures mimicked15 present-day temperatures. The ancient interglacial period, known as Marine16 Isotope17 Stage 11—MIS 11 for short—lasted about 50,000 years and included, among several periods of climatic variation, one definitive18 megadrought period followed by a cooler period. Prior to the study, detailed19 data about MIS 11 had been scarce(缺乏的) because most of the information was gathered from Antarctic ice cores or marine sediments. The terrestrial record obtained beneath South Mountain Lake revealed a bounty20 of information that nicely details the ancient climate.
The oldest warm period in MIS 11 appears somewhat analogous to the present-day Holocene interglacial period, which has been ongoing21 for about the past 10,000 years. During MIS 11, the ancient climate warmed dramatically by about 14 degrees Fahrenheit22. This warming in the wake of a preceding period of cold gave rise to an abundance of plant life and seasonally23 wet conditions. As warming continued, grasses and shrubs24 died off and lakes dried up. The ensuing(接着发生的) drought lasted thousands of years before ending abruptly25 with a cooler, wetter period.
The research could indicate that the Southwest, having been through a present-day drought period that included the historic Dust Bowl, might be due for a change unless increased concentrations of greenhouse gasses interfere26.
"Results from this study have implications for the development of models that could predict future megadroughts and other climate conditions in the Southwestern United States," said Jeffrey Heikoop, leader of the Los Alamos study team.