With an estimated 34,000 square miles of ice, an area about the size of Maine, Alaska's multitude of glaciers² have a global impact. Anthony Arendt, an assistant research professor at the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, has outlined the complexity³ and influence of Alaska glaciers in this week's issue of the journal Science. In his article, Arendt explains the importance of integrating（整合） field observations and more precise glacier¹ simulation models.

"We have used satellites to measure the mass changes of all of Alaska's glaciers, but there are also many glaciers that need to be measured in the field," Arendt said. "We need these field observations to better understand the processes that are controlling glacier changes."

Glacial patterns are difficult to predict — even for current computer models. Alaska glaciers often behave independently of one another. They retreat and surge, and are subject to volcanic⁴ and oceanic influences, in addition to changes in precipitation（沉淀） and warming temperatures. Data collected in the field will help refine existing models, so that a more accurate picture of changing sea level can be drawn⁵.

"Alaska glaciers have been losing mass more rapidly since the mid-1990s than they were several decades earlier," Arendt states in the article. "Understanding whether this trend continues will require an integration⁶ of observations across disciplines, as well as the development of robust⁷ glacier simulation models."

According to Arendt, glaciers and ice caps make up a mere⁸ three percent of the ice on our planet, yet they account for about half of the sea level contribution. These dynamic chunks⁹ of ice are tremendously influential¹⁰ on future coastlines.

"There are many people living very close to the sea in areas where even a small change in sea level would be devastating," Arendt said. "Developing countries don't have the resources to deal with this change."

To create the best sea level forecasts, Arendt said that scientists need to use field observations to fill data gaps in current models. With thousands of glaciers in Alaska, scientists have much more work to do, he said, noting that the research will ultimately help the global community better adapt to sea level change.