水鸟并不总喜欢雨天
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2012-06-11 06:31 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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Scientists from the Smithsonian and colleagues have found that waterbird communities can be the "canary(金丝雀) in the coal mine" when it comes to detecting the health of urban estuary1(河口) ecosystems3. Their research revealed that the types of waterbirds that inhabit urban estuaries4 are influenced not only by urban development, but also by a far more natural process―rain. The team's findings are published in the scientific journal PLoS ONE.

The scientists compared waterbird communities in estuaries of the Chesapeake Bay during 2002, a year of severe drought, to 2003, a year of high rainfall. During the drier year, the species of waterbirds present included both those that fed generally on many species of invertebrates6(无脊椎动物) and those that only fed on specific ones. However, the waterbird community was made up of most generalists the following year after heavy rain. The high rainfall increased nutrient7 runoff into the estuaries which reduced the estuaries' populations of small invertebrates. Because the dynamics8 of the invertebrate5 populations were affected9, so in turn were the dynamics of the waterbird communities that fed on them.

"We're seeing more extreme rainstorms in this region, so our results give a snapshot of what bird communities in urban estuaries might look like in the future," said Colin Studds, lead author and postdoctoral fellow at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute at the time of the research. "As urban development continues, we need new solutions for managing water quality or we stand to lose the Bay's iconic(图标的) natural treasures."

Top members of estuary food chains such as waterbirds are not often considered when monitoring the stressors and indicators10 in the ecosystem2. The team's research, however, shows that estuarine11 management could be improved by tracking the relationships between land development, water quality and waterbird communities. Understanding the relationships between the three could help improve strategies to protect these unique ecosystems as urban development increases.



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1 estuary ynuxs     
n.河口,江口
参考例句:
  • We live near the Thames estuary.我们的住处靠近泰晤士河入海口。
  • The ship has touched bottom.The estuary must be shallower than we thought.船搁浅了。这河口的水比我们想像的要浅。
2 ecosystem Wq4xz     
n.生态系统
参考例句:
  • This destroyed the ecosystem of the island.这样破坏了岛上的生态系统。
  • We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。
3 ecosystems 94cb0e40a815bea1157ac8aab9a5380d     
n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样,从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句
4 estuaries 60f47b2d23159196be8449188dca90a4     
(江河入海的)河口,河口湾( estuary的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • We also recognize the diversity and complexity of controlling in fluences in estuaries. 我们也认识到在河湾内控制影响的多样性和复杂性。
  • Estuaries also contribute to economy through tourism and fishing. 河口还为人类提供了休闲和教育的场所。
5 invertebrate 9a8zt     
n.无脊椎动物
参考例句:
  • Half of all invertebrate species live in tropical rain forests.一半的无脊椎动物物种生活在热带雨林中。
  • Worms are an example of invertebrate animals.蠕虫是无脊椎动物的一个例子。
6 invertebrates 7e45dc289993d00de9b9f14a70e51319     
n.无脊椎动物( invertebrate的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Insects and worms are all invertebrates. 昆虫和蠕虫都是无脊椎动物。 来自辞典例句
  • In the earthworm and many other invertebrates, these excretory structures are called nephridia. 在蚯蚓和许多其它无脊椎动物中,这些排泄结构称为肾管。 来自辞典例句
7 nutrient 3vpye     
adj.营养的,滋养的;n.营养物,营养品
参考例句:
  • Magnesium is the nutrient element in plant growth.镁是植物生长的营养要素。
  • The roots transmit moisture and nutrient to the trunk and branches.根将水分和养料输送到干和枝。
8 dynamics NuSzQq     
n.力学,动力学,动力,原动力;动态
参考例句:
  • In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利,你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
  • Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。
9 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
10 indicators f46872fc1b5f08e9d32bd107be1df829     
(仪器上显示温度、压力、耗油量等的)指针( indicator的名词复数 ); 指示物; (车辆上的)转弯指示灯; 指示信号
参考例句:
  • The economic indicators are better than expected. 经济指标比预期的好。
  • It is still difficult to develop indicators for many concepts used in social science. 为社会科学领域的许多概念确立一个指标仍然很难。
11 estuarine b0a37d150b34564536bda9f27512c84d     
河口的,江口的
参考例句:
  • The water above the continental shelf is moved by the tides and by estuarine currents. 潮流和河口流使大陆架上的海水流动。
  • An outstanding example of the drastic alteration of the estuarine environment is found in the Netherlands. 河口湾环境发生强烈变化的一个突出的例子是荷兰。
TAG标签: species food waterbird
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