A new species of green palm-pitviper of the genus Bothriechis is described from a seriously threatened cloud forest reserve in northern Honduras. Because of similarity in color pattern and scalation（鳞）, the new species (Bothriechis guifarroi) was previously¹ confused with other Honduran palm pitvipers. Genetic² analysis revealed that the closest relatives of the new species are actually found over 600 km to the south, in the mountains of Costa Rica. The study was published in the open access journal Zookeys.

 

The gorgeous new species was discovered by scientists during two expeditions in 2010 aimed at studying the fauna³ of Texiguat Wildlife Refuge, one of the most endemism-rich and diverse highland⁴ forests in Mesoamerica. This beautiful, but highly toxic⁵, snake represents the 15th endemic species occurring in the region. Texiguat Wildlife Refuge was created in 1987 to protect populations of wildlife such as the famous but elusive⁶ jaguar⁷ and Central America tapir, as well as howler and white-faced monkeys, sloths⁸, and a variety of endemic（地方性的） amphibians⁹, reptiles¹⁰, and plants.

 

To draw attention to the dedication¹¹ and sacrifice of many grassroots conservationists in Honduras and Central America, the new species was named in honor of Mario Guifarro of Olancho. Guifarro was a former hunter and gold miner who became an outspoken¹² conservationist when he saw the vast rainforests of eastern Honduras being destroyed and converted to cattle ranches¹³. After years of threats and multiple attempts on his life, Guifarro was ambushed¹⁴ and murdered on 15 September 2007 while on a mission to delimit a biosphere¹⁵ reserve for the indigenous¹⁶ Tawahka.

 

The lead author of the study Dr Josiah Townsend, Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, comments on the importance of the discovery and conservation status of the new species: "The description of Bothriechis guifarroi has important implications for Central American biogeography as well as conservation. We recommend that B. guifarroi be immediately classified as Critically Endangered due to its limited known area of occurrence and the potential for anthropogenic damage to its habitat. We also consider that this species warrants immediate¹⁷ consideration for protection under CITES, given its striking appearance and high potential for exploitation in the pet trade."

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