An enormous sunspot, labeled AR1944, slipped into view over the sun's left horizon late on Jan. 1, 2014. The sunspot steadily¹ moved toward the right, along with the rotation² of the sun, and now sits almost dead center, as seen in the image above from NASA's Solar Dynamics³ Observatory⁴. Sunspots are dark areas on the sun's surface that contain complex arrangements of strong magnetic fields that are constantly shifting. The largest dark spot in this configuration⁵ is approximately two Earths wide, and the entire sunspot group is some seven Earths across. For comparison, another giant sunspot, five to six Earths across, is shown below from 2005. 

 

The image was captured by the European Space Agency and NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. Sunspots are part of what's known as active regions, which also include regions of the sun's atmosphere, the corona⁶, hovering⁷ above the sunspots. 

 

Active regions can be the source of some of the sun's great explosions: solar flares⁸ that send out giant bursts of light and radiation due to the release of magnetic energy, or coronal mass ejections that send huge clouds of solar material out into space. As the sunspot group continues its journey across the face of the sun, scientists will watch how it changes and evolves to learn more about how these convoluted⁹ magnetic fields can cause space weather events that can affect space-borne systems and technological¹⁰ infrastructure¹¹ on Earth.

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