考研英语核心词汇辨析(二)

时间:2007-02-26 02:32:15

(单词翻译:单击)

acquire, attain1, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure

这一组动词都有"获得,取得"的意思,在考研和CET-6当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析。

acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等,也可用于对财物等的获得,该词强调"一经获得就会长期持有"的含义。

It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual2 ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习,个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。

attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果;也可指达到某一目标。

The salesperson3 attained4 his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。

obtain v.获得,买到,用于正式语体中。

He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。

gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处;亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。

An investor5 gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而

得利润。

earn v.挣得,赢得,指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。

How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱?

achieve v.得到,获得,多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。

The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。

secure v.得到;把……拿到手,含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意;使安全,保卫;作形容词比较常见,意为"安全的"。

A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了100万人的签名。

He secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。

acute, critical, crucial, urgent

这一组形容词都有"严重的,重要的"意思。

acute a.剧烈的,严重的;急性的(病)。

An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏,伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。

critical a.意为"关键的",表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点,与crucial相似。

与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量;还指"批判性的,分析

性的"。

It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习,则你会不及格的。

crucial a.意为"决定性的,紧要关头的,至关重要的",最为笼统,适用于上述两种情况。

Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。

urgent a.意为"紧迫的,急迫的,紧要的",它不强调所指的问题是最重要的,仅强调"紧急的"状态。

We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助,我们的水就快要用光了。

adjust, regulate, rectify6, amend7, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary

这九个动词都含有"调整、改变"的意思。

adjust v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整;修理。

I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。

regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节,使之准确工作或运行;多含有"控制"之意。

Lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。

rectify v.纠正,校正(错误、文章、合同等)。

He rectified8 the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。

amend v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。

The politicians amended9 the law to provide more jobs.政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。

convert v.改变某事物的形式或用途,还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。

Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。

He's converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。

alter v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。

The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。

modify v.改变,修改,以使某物更趋完善,还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。

He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗声大气,脾气暴躁;朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。

transform v.指彻底、深远的改变,这种变化完全改变了外观或特性,使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。

Remodeling transformed an old, dark housesintosa cheerful one.重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。

vary v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。

Air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。

admit, confess, concede

这几个动词都有"承认"的意思。

admit v.指由于说服、再三追问而"承认"某一事实或过错。

I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。

confess v.供认(罪行、过错等),含有"坦白、招认"的意思。

He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。

concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误,但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认,还可以指"以退为进"的承认。

The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。

affiliate10, link, attach, append

这一组动词都有"附加"的意思。

affiliate v.加入,成为……一部分。

an affiliated11 middle school一所附属中学

link v.将人或物连接起来。

The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。

attach v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。

I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。

append v.增加,附加(与attach的意思比较接近)。

The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。

affirm, assert, allege12, claim, announce, proclaim

这一组动词都有"声称"的意思。

affirm v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称,是deny的反义词。

He affirmed his love for her.他发誓爱她。

assert v.指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称,或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。

She asserted that she was innocent .她宣称自己是无辜的。

allege v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。

The suspect alleged13 that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。

claim v.要求,声称,断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。

They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles14 in the downtown section of the city.他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话,闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。

announce v.宣布,宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度,常常带有预告的意味。

The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion15 of knowledge.印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。

proclaim v.宣布;宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断,尤其指重大事件的宣布,多用于官方场合。

The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。


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1 attain HvYzX     
vt.达到,获得,完成
参考例句:
  • I used the scientific method to attain this end. 我用科学的方法来达到这一目的。
  • His painstaking to attain his goal in life is praiseworthy. 他为实现人生目标所下的苦功是值得称赞的。
2 habitual x5Pyp     
adj.习惯性的;通常的,惯常的
参考例句:
  • He is a habitual criminal.他是一个惯犯。
  • They are habitual visitors to our house.他们是我家的常客。
3 salesperson 7Yoxa     
n.售货员,营业员,店员
参考例句:
  • A salesperson works in a shop.售货员在商店工作。
  • Vanessa is a salesperson in a woman's wear department.凡妮莎是女装部的售货员。
4 attained 1f2c1bee274e81555decf78fe9b16b2f     
(通常经过努力)实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况)
参考例句:
  • She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
  • Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。
5 investor aq4zNm     
n.投资者,投资人
参考例句:
  • My nephew is a cautious investor.我侄子是个小心谨慎的投资者。
  • The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。
6 rectify 8AezO     
v.订正,矫正,改正
参考例句:
  • The matter will rectify itself in a few days.那件事过几天就会变好。
  • You can rectify this fault if you insert a slash.插人一条斜线便可以纠正此错误。
7 amend exezY     
vt.修改,修订,改进;n.[pl.]赔罪,赔偿
参考例句:
  • The teacher advised him to amend his way of living.老师劝他改变生活方式。
  • You must amend your pronunciation.你必须改正你的发音。
8 rectified 8714cd0fa53a5376ba66b0406599eb20     
[医]矫正的,调整的
参考例句:
  • I am hopeful this misunderstanding will be rectified very quickly. 我相信这个误会将很快得到纠正。
  • That mistake could have been rectified within 28 days. 那个错误原本可以在28天内得以纠正。
9 Amended b2abcd9d0c12afefe22fd275996593e0     
adj. 修正的 动词amend的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He asked to see the amended version. 他要求看修订本。
  • He amended his speech by making some additions and deletions. 他对讲稿作了些增删修改。
10 affiliate TVBzj     
vt.使隶(附)属于;n.附属机构,分公司
参考例句:
  • Our New York company has an affiliate in Los Angeles.我们的纽约公司在洛杉矶有一个下属企业。
  • What is the difference between affiliate and regular membership?固定会员和附属会员之间的区别是什么?
11 affiliated 78057fb733c9c93ffbdc5f0ed15ef458     
adj. 附属的, 有关连的
参考例句:
  • The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
  • All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。
12 allege PfEyT     
vt.宣称,申述,主张,断言
参考例句:
  • The newspaper reporters allege that the man was murdered but they have given no proof.新闻记者们宣称这个男人是被谋杀的,但他们没提出证据。
  • Students occasionally allege illness as the reason for absence.学生时不时会称病缺课。
13 alleged gzaz3i     
a.被指控的,嫌疑的
参考例句:
  • It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
  • alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为
14 automobiles 760a1b7b6ea4a07c12e5f64cc766962b     
n.汽车( automobile的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • When automobiles become popular,the use of the horse and buggy passed away. 汽车普及后,就不再使用马和马车了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Automobiles speed in an endless stream along the boulevard. 宽阔的林荫道上,汽车川流不息。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
15 diffusion dl4zm     
n.流布;普及;散漫
参考例句:
  • The invention of printing helped the diffusion of learning.印刷术的发明有助于知识的传播。
  • The effect of the diffusion capacitance can be troublesome.扩散电容会引起麻烦。

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