考研英语核心词汇辨析(五)

时间:2007-02-26 02:35:14

(单词翻译:单击)

aware, conscious

aware a.知道的,意识到的,强调感官对外界事物的意识。

He was aware of his mistake.他意识到自己的错误。

conscious a.有意识的,意识到的,一般指内心所意识到的。

The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.销售员意识到他必须增加销售量。

base, foundation, ground

这一组名词都有"基础"的意思。

base n.指具体的有形的基础,也可指物体的底部、基部;基地,总部。

They use their apartment in New York as a home base from which they travel frequently.他们把纽约的公寓作为他们频繁出行的大本营。

foundation n.本义指建筑物的地基,含有坚实的基础的意思;基金会。

The foundation for our house is made of cement.我们房子的地基是水泥打下的。

ground n.地面,土地,也指地域,水底,海底。

basic, elementary, fundamental

basic a.基本的,基础的,既可用于具体事物,也可用于抽象事物。

He has a basic understanding of the problem.他对问题有基本的了解。

elementary a.初步的,初级的。elementary school小学

fundamental a.根本性的,一般只用于抽象的事物;必要的,必须的。

Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing1 with others.诚实是与别人相处的基本原则。

beam, chuckle2, giggle3, grin, jeer4, laugh, roar, sneer5

这一组都有"笑"的意思,而它们之间的差别也是明显的。

beam v.本义指照耀,放光,引申为"微笑",是正式用语,指面带喜悦或笑容,暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。

She beamed with happiness.她高兴得眉开眼笑。

chuckle v. (书面语)吃吃的笑,抿嘴笑,轻声笑,多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。

She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles6.她没有笑出声来,只是抿嘴而笑。

giggle v.咯咯地笑,痴笑,傻笑,多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。

The schoolgirls giggled7 when the famous football player walkedsintostheir classroom.当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时,女生们都咯咯地笑起来。

grin v.露齿而笑,指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。

He grinned at his mother.他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。

jeer v.讥笑,嘲笑,其同义词是mock。

The crowd jeered8 when the boxer9 was knocked down.当那个拳手被人打倒时,人群开始嘲笑他。

laugh v.笑,大笑,用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。

roar v.怒吼,咆哮,引申为放声大笑,哄堂大笑。

He roared when he heard the joke.听完这个笑话,他哈哈大笑。

sneer v.冷笑,嘲笑,指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。

He sneered10 at the offer and said it was two low.他对报价嗤之以鼻,说它太低了。

bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass, perplex

这一组词都有"迷惑"的意思。

bewilder v.使困惑,使茫然,强调非常困惑,通常表现为心理和智力的紊乱,语气最重。

He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.他没有得到事先警告就被开除了,完全不明白是什么原因。

When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.当这些农夫们第一次到城里的时候,他们对城市复杂的交通系统感到迷惑不解。

puzzle v.使迷惑,感到不解,强调不理解或解决不了。

Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.沉没宝藏的下落令探险家们大惑不解。

confuse v.一般用语,使混乱,使糊涂,强调因混淆而使人产生迷乱。

He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.他发错了报告,因为他把它们同另外一些报告混淆在一起了。

embarrass v.使窘迫,使为难,使困惑,有令人不快、难为情和内心混乱的意味。

Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.她的男友在别人面前嘲笑她的新发型,使她感到难堪。

perplex v.使杂乱,使疑虑,使不安。

The new tax laws perplex me.新税收法律使我很费解。

blame, condemn11, reproach, scold

这一组动词都有"责怪"的意思。

blame v.责怪,把……归咎于。

You can't blame anyone in case you fail the exam.万一你考试不及格,你不能怪罪任何人。

condemn v.谴责,用于比较正式的、严肃的场合。

The wife condemned12 her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫贪杯而责怪他。

reproach v. (书面语)责备,表示不满。

His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老师责备他不做作业。

scold v.责骂,训斥。

blunder, error, mistake

这一组词都表示"错误"。

blunder n. (因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错,愚蠢的错误。

I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过,我感觉到犯了一个大错。

error n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误,也可指智力或道义上的错误。

The accident was the result of human error.这事故是人为的错误造成的。

mistake n.误会,误解;(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。

I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。

  brittle13, fragile, frail14, crisp, invalid15

这一组形容词都有"弱"的意思。

brittle a.易碎的,易损坏的,通常是指坚硬的东西。

The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱,很容易骨折。

fragile a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西,也引申为体弱的,虚弱的。

He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他参加了昨晚的聚会以后,现在感觉有些虚弱。

frail a. (指人)体弱的,虚弱的,也可以指东西易碎的。

His mother has grown old and frail.他母亲已经年老体弱。

crisp a.指食品的松脆;清新的,爽快的;活跃的,有生气的,干净利落的。

crisp biscuit松脆的饼干

The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。

invalid a.不正确的,缺乏证据的;无效的,作废的。作名词时,表示病弱者,伤残者,久病者。

Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思,但是缺乏证据。

A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。

boundary, border, frontier, rim16, verge17

这几个名词都有"边界"的意思。

boundary n.边界;界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。

The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。

border n.较宽的边缘,边界,多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带;也可以指物体的边缘等。

We crossed the Mexican bordersintosthe USA.我们穿过墨西哥边界进入美国境内。

frontier n.边界,边境,边疆,指靠近边界(boundary)的区域;也可引申为"未开发的领域","(学术的)前沿"等。

The American West was still a frontier a century ago.一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片边疆。

She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。

rim n.边,边缘,尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。

verge n. (道路、花坛等长着草的)边缘,引申为"某事即将发生之际"。

on the verge of war战争爆发之际

brief, concise18, curt19, succinct20

这一组形容词都有"简短的"意思。

brief a.简明扼要的,简短的,指时间短暂,办事利索,态度明了等;有时含有"虽短但却不失全面"的意味。

The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.经理致了简短的开幕词。

concise a. (文字等的)简要、精练,常含有保留主要部分的意思。

His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent21 to the job.他的信写得简明扼要,省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。

curt a.三言两语的,简短的,常含有"草率"的意思。

He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , "I have no time for you now!"他问老板一个问题,但是老板草率的说:"我没时间搭理你。"

succinct a.简明的,简洁的,简练的,尤指用词简练,除含有concise的意思外,还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。

succinct summary of the argument论点的概要


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1 dealing NvjzWP     
n.经商方法,待人态度
参考例句:
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
2 chuckle Tr1zZ     
vi./n.轻声笑,咯咯笑
参考例句:
  • He shook his head with a soft chuckle.他轻轻地笑着摇了摇头。
  • I couldn't suppress a soft chuckle at the thought of it.想到这个,我忍不住轻轻地笑起来。
3 giggle 4eNzz     
n.痴笑,咯咯地笑;v.咯咯地笑着说
参考例句:
  • Both girls began to giggle.两个女孩都咯咯地笑了起来。
  • All that giggle and whisper is too much for me.我受不了那些咯咯的笑声和交头接耳的样子。
4 jeer caXz5     
vi.嘲弄,揶揄;vt.奚落;n.嘲笑,讥评
参考例句:
  • Do not jeer at the mistakes or misfortunes of others.不要嘲笑别人的错误或不幸。
  • The children liked to jeer at the awkward students.孩子们喜欢嘲笑笨拙的学生。
5 sneer YFdzu     
v.轻蔑;嘲笑;n.嘲笑,讥讽的言语
参考例句:
  • He said with a sneer.他的话中带有嘲笑之意。
  • You may sneer,but a lot of people like this kind of music.你可以嗤之以鼻,但很多人喜欢这种音乐。
6 chuckles dbb3c2dbccec4daa8f44238e4cffd25c     
轻声地笑( chuckle的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Father always chuckles when he reads the funny papers. 父亲在读幽默报纸时总是低声发笑。
  • [Chuckles] You thought he was being poisoned by hemlock? 你觉得他中的会是芹叶钩吻毒吗?
7 giggled 72ecd6e6dbf913b285d28ec3ba1edb12     
v.咯咯地笑( giggle的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The girls giggled at the joke. 女孩子们让这笑话逗得咯咯笑。
  • The children giggled hysterically. 孩子们歇斯底里地傻笑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 jeered c6b854b3d0a6d00c4c5a3e1372813b7d     
v.嘲笑( jeer的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The police were jeered at by the waiting crowd. 警察受到在等待的人群的嘲弄。
  • The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down. 当那个拳击手被打倒时,人们开始嘲笑他。 来自《简明英汉词典》
9 boxer sxKzdR     
n.制箱者,拳击手
参考例句:
  • The boxer gave his opponent a punch on the nose.这个拳击手朝他对手的鼻子上猛击一拳。
  • He moved lightly on his toes like a boxer.他像拳击手一样踮着脚轻盈移动。
10 sneered 0e3b5b35e54fb2ad006040792a867d9f     
讥笑,冷笑( sneer的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • He sneered at people who liked pop music. 他嘲笑喜欢流行音乐的人。
  • It's very discouraging to be sneered at all the time. 成天受嘲讽是很令人泄气的。
11 condemn zpxzp     
vt.谴责,指责;宣判(罪犯),判刑
参考例句:
  • Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他,而有些人谴责他。
  • We mustn't condemn him on mere suppositions.我们不可全凭臆测来指责他。
12 condemned condemned     
adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
  • The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。
13 brittle IWizN     
adj.易碎的;脆弱的;冷淡的;(声音)尖利的
参考例句:
  • The pond was covered in a brittle layer of ice.池塘覆盖了一层易碎的冰。
  • She gave a brittle laugh.她冷淡地笑了笑。
14 frail yz3yD     
adj.身体虚弱的;易损坏的
参考例句:
  • Mrs. Warner is already 96 and too frail to live by herself.华纳太太已经九十六岁了,身体虚弱,不便独居。
  • She lay in bed looking particularly frail.她躺在床上,看上去特别虚弱。
15 invalid V4Oxh     
n.病人,伤残人;adj.有病的,伤残的;无效的
参考例句:
  • He will visit an invalid.他将要去看望一个病人。
  • A passport that is out of date is invalid.护照过期是无效的。
16 rim RXSxl     
n.(圆物的)边,轮缘;边界
参考例句:
  • The water was even with the rim of the basin.盆里的水与盆边平齐了。
  • She looked at him over the rim of her glass.她的目光越过玻璃杯的边沿看着他。
17 verge gUtzQ     
n.边,边缘;v.接近,濒临
参考例句:
  • The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
  • She was on the verge of bursting into tears.她快要哭出来了。
18 concise dY5yx     
adj.简洁的,简明的
参考例句:
  • The explanation in this dictionary is concise and to the point.这部词典里的释义简明扼要。
  • I gave a concise answer about this.我对于此事给了一个简要的答复。
19 curt omjyx     
adj.简短的,草率的
参考例句:
  • He gave me an extremely curt answer.他对我作了极为草率的答复。
  • He rapped out a series of curt commands.他大声发出了一连串简短的命令。
20 succinct YHozq     
adj.简明的,简洁的
参考例句:
  • The last paragraph is a succinct summary.最后这段话概括性很强。
  • A succinct style lends vigour to writing.措辞简练使文笔有力。
21 pertinent 53ozF     
adj.恰当的;贴切的;中肯的;有关的;相干的
参考例句:
  • The expert made some pertinent comments on the scheme.那专家对规划提出了一些中肯的意见。
  • These should guide him to pertinent questions for further study.这些将有助于他进一步研究有关问题。

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