考研英语核心词汇辨析(六)

时间:2007-02-26 02:36:32

(单词翻译:单击)

bush, shrub1, jungle

这一组词均与树木有关。

bush n.矮树丛。

shrub n.有木茎的灌木,灌木丛。

jungle n.热带稠密的雨林或丛林。

certify2, rectify3, testify, verify

这是一组形近易混词。

certify v.证明,声称是真的。

He certified4 it was his wife's handwriting.他证明那是他妻子的手迹。

rectify v.改正,纠正;整顿。

He rectified5 the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。

testify v. (在法庭上)宣誓作证;表明。

He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.由于其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害,他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。

verify v. (用事实)证实或核实。

I verified the store's address by calling to check it.我打电话询问,以核实商店的地址。

compel, constrain6, force, oblige

这一组动词都有"强迫"的意思。

compel v.强迫,迫使,常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事;有时也表示"别无办法,不得不做"。

His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。

constrain v.力劝,强迫,与compel意思相近,但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用,一般用于正式的场合。

As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained7 by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他认为自己是艺术家,不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。

force v.强迫,迫使,暴力威胁的意味较浓,常用于被动语态。

The thief forced her to hand over the money.强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。

oblige v. (因法律、习俗等)强迫,迫使,常常用于被动。

We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。

complaint, disorder8

这两个词都有"疾病"的意思。

complaint n.疾病(主要指病人去看病时向医生描述的病症,既可以是小病、慢性病,也可以是传染性疾病);抱怨,埋怨,不满。

a heart complaint心脏病

disorder n. (精神或肉体的)疾病(着重于身心、机能的失调、不平衡);骚乱,动乱;混乱,杂乱。

a disorder of the digestive system消化系统疾病

complement9, supplement,append

这三个名词都有"补充"的意思。

complement n.补充,补充物,主要指补充不足使之完美。

Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry10 dish.有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。

supplement n.增补,补充,补贴,主要指另外补加,增补。

One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.我们在报告完成一年之后,必须增补一个包含新事件的附加部分。

append n.附加,添上或补充某事物(尤指文字)。

The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。

component11, element, factor, ingredient

这一组名词都有"组成成分"的意思。

component n.零部件;(某事物的)组成部分;成分。

Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.轮胎,引擎,车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零部件。

element n.元素;组成部分,方面;某特定类型的人或群体,分子。

The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氢元素和氧元素构成了水。

He belongs to a bad element in this city.他属于这个城市的坏分子。

factor n.因素,要素,侧重指原因。

Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。

ingredient n.原料,成分,要素。

Flour, milk, butter and yeast12 are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。

comprise, compose, consist, constitute, include

这一组动词都有"组成,包含"的意思。

comprise v.包含,包括,由……组成(整体);组成,构成。

Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我们公司的生产线是由2,500个不同的组成部分构成的。

compose v.构成(整体),组成;由……组成(后接of,常用于被动语态);创作(作曲、诗歌等)。

The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。

consist v.组成,构成,由……组成(后接of,常用于主动语态);(后接in)在于,存在于。

The problem consists of two parts.问题由两部分组成。

The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity13.这计划的好处就在于简单易行。

constitute v.构成,组成(整体)。

Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。

include v.包括,包含,把……列入。

The conference delegates included representatives from abroad.大会代表中有来自海外的代表。


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1 shrub 7ysw5     
n.灌木,灌木丛
参考例句:
  • There is a small evergreen shrub on the hillside.山腰上有一小块常绿灌木丛。
  • Moving a shrub is best done in early spring.移植灌木最好是在初春的时候。
2 certify tOozp     
vt.证明,证实;发证书(或执照)给
参考例句:
  • I can certify to his good character.我可以证明他品德好。
  • This swimming certificate is to certify that I can swim one hundred meters.这张游泳证是用以证明我可以游100米远。
3 rectify 8AezO     
v.订正,矫正,改正
参考例句:
  • The matter will rectify itself in a few days.那件事过几天就会变好。
  • You can rectify this fault if you insert a slash.插人一条斜线便可以纠正此错误。
4 certified fw5zkU     
a.经证明合格的;具有证明文件的
参考例句:
  • Doctors certified him as insane. 医生证明他精神失常。
  • The planes were certified airworthy. 飞机被证明适于航行。
5 rectified 8714cd0fa53a5376ba66b0406599eb20     
[医]矫正的,调整的
参考例句:
  • I am hopeful this misunderstanding will be rectified very quickly. 我相信这个误会将很快得到纠正。
  • That mistake could have been rectified within 28 days. 那个错误原本可以在28天内得以纠正。
6 constrain xpCzL     
vt.限制,约束;克制,抑制
参考例句:
  • She tried to constrain herself from a cough in class.上课时她竭力忍住不咳嗽。
  • The study will examine the factors which constrain local economic growth.这项研究将考查抑制当地经济发展的因素。
7 constrained YvbzqU     
adj.束缚的,节制的
参考例句:
  • The evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to accept it. 证据是那样的令人折服,他觉得不得不接受。
  • I feel constrained to write and ask for your forgiveness. 我不得不写信请你原谅。
8 disorder Et1x4     
n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调
参考例句:
  • When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后,他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
  • It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。
9 complement ZbTyZ     
n.补足物,船上的定员;补语;vt.补充,补足
参考例句:
  • The two suggestions complement each other.这两条建议相互补充。
  • They oppose each other also complement each other.它们相辅相成。
10 curry xnozh     
n.咖哩粉,咖哩饭菜;v.用咖哩粉调味,用马栉梳,制革
参考例句:
  • Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。
  • Add a teaspoonful of curry powder.加一茶匙咖喱粉。
11 component epSzv     
n.组成部分,成分,元件;adj.组成的,合成的
参考例句:
  • Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
  • Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。
12 yeast 7VIzu     
n.酵母;酵母片;泡沫;v.发酵;起泡沫
参考例句:
  • Yeast can be used in making beer and bread.酵母可用于酿啤酒和发面包。
  • The yeast began to work.酵母开始发酵。
13 simplicity Vryyv     
n.简单,简易;朴素;直率,单纯
参考例句:
  • She dressed with elegant simplicity.她穿着朴素高雅。
  • The beauty of this plan is its simplicity.简明扼要是这个计划的一大特点。

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