2006中考英语必看内容-阅读与表达

    上一讲，我们复习了2006中考英语必看内容-翻译填空,这一讲，我们来复习阅读与表达。

    其实，这一部分在不同的省市体现为不同的题型，我们在词把你笼统地称为阅读与表达。

第一种：改错

　　看下面的例子：

Ⅶ．短文改错（5%）
下面短文的划线部分是错误的，请改正，并将其正确答案写在短文后面相应题号后的横线上。
John was¹ a rich ① America man. One day he went into a shop when he was spending his holiday in London. He wanted very much to buy a nice-looking watch, but the owner⁴ of the shop asked five hundred dollars for it. Suddenly⁵ a young man came⁶ into the shop, took⁷ the watch out of the ② owners⁸' hands and ran⁹ out with it. It all happened in a few¹⁰ seconds. When the owner ran out into the street, the young man was already¹¹ ③ losing¹² among¹³ the people. John went on. At the next corner, he saw¹⁴ the young man with the robbed¹⁵ watch in his hand. "Do you want to buy a fine watch, sir?" he asked in a low¹⁶ voice¹⁷. "It's only a hundred dollars." "The young man doesn't know I saw him ④ robbed the watch," he thought¹⁸. John paid¹⁹ for the watch at once and went back to his hotel with the watch. He told his friend Bill²⁰ about the fine watch. Bill took a look at the watch and started laughing. He said²¹, "You are a fool²². This watch isn't worth²³ even²⁴ ten dollars. I'm sure the shop owner and the young man ⑤ planed this together.
⒈________⒉_______ ⒊____ ⒋________ ⒌___ 

Ⅶ．短文改错（5%）
American, owner's, lost, robbing²⁵, planned²⁶

　　做这种题，我们一般要做到以下几点

1.通读全文，掌握大意。
　　做短文改错时应该树立整体意识，应从短文整体入手，短文改错实际上间接地考查学生的文意理解和纠错能力，所以考生必须在阅读并且在理解了文章的基础上去发现并改正错误。　　

2.整句理解，逐行分析。
　　在句子层次上进行题目分析，短文改错尽管是按行设题，但是语言是以句子而不是以行为完整的意义单位的，所以解题时，要上下兼顾，不可顾此失彼。对错误类型可从以下几个方面着手：
　　1)查主、谓关系，前后人称关系是否一致；
　　2)查时态是否一致，语态是否正确；
　　3)查非谓语动词的形式是否正确；
　　4)查介词、连词的误用；
　　5)查是否多词或少词；
　　6)查形容词和副词是否误用及其比较等级是否正确；
　　7)查冠词、代词、动词的误用；
　　8)查习语固定搭配、词组结构是否完整。
　　9)查词类混用。
　　10)查逻辑意义。
　　11)查结构重叠。
　　12)查名词的数。
　　短文改错注意上下文和时态。做题时以句子为单位，同时兼顾改错的原则。即：不能改变词义，不能轻易去掉动词、名词等实词，去掉的通常是固定搭配结构中多余的部分。同样添加的词也是固定搭配中缺少的部分或者是定语从句中的先行词或介词。名词的错误多是可数名词和不可数名词的混用；形容词的错误多是比较级和最高级的混用，或是比较级形式的重复使用；副词错误一般是该用副词的地方用了形容词。在分析句子的过程中，要对每句话的句子成分进行分析，看看主谓、动宾等结构是否搭配得当，句与句之间逻辑关系是否正确，上下文是否连贯。 

3、复读全文，检查核对。
　　在复读检查过程中，既要看清词和句子，更要注意整体的逻辑关系，特别是上下文的联系，既要重视文字、句子的字面意思，又要弄清文字段落的内在含义和内在逻辑关系及篇章结构。还要特别留意文章的意思是否连贯通顺，是否符合逻辑。 

第二种：主观阅读
例一：
Once Einstein gave²⁷ a lecture²⁸ in many places in America. His driver always listened to him and knew the lecture so well that he was sure be could²⁹ give it himself³⁰. So Einstein agreed³¹ that the driver gave the lecture him.

As² nobody³² knew Einstein there, the driver gave the lecture for Einstein that evening. At first he was a bit³³ afraid, but Einstein's smile made³⁴ him feel better. He gave a good lecture and the people were quite pleased³⁵.

Then the driver started to leave and Einstein followed him without a word. When they got³⁶ to the door, a man asked the driver a difficult question.

The driver said that the question was very easy, and told the man to ask his driver behind to answer it.

　　根据短文内容填空，每空限填一词。

Einstein gave the (1) ______ lecture again and again． His driver (2) ______ to his lecture so many times (3) ______ he wanted to give it (4) ______. When Einstein knew it, he let the driver (5) ______ the lecture for him that night. The driver gave a (6) ______ lecture and the great scientist³⁷ was quite pleased.

When they were (7) ______ the lecture room, a man asked the driver a question. To show (8) ______ easy the question was, the driver asked Einstein who followed him (9) ______ to answer it (10) ______ of him. 

答案：
1.same 2.listened 3.that 4.himself 5.give
6.good 7.leaving 8.how 9.quietly(behind) 10.instead³⁸

　　做这样的题型，首先要理解文章的意思。在填空的时候要注意对语法知识的正确运用，比如，名词的单复数，动词的时态等等。下面，我们来看第二种主观阅读形式。

例二：

The English people like take-away food. The most popular³⁹ food is fish and chips⁴¹.They usually go to a fish and chip⁴⁰ shop.They put the food in paper bags, and take it home, or to their work place. At lunch time, many people eat take-away food in the park. Chinese takeaways are also very popular in England. People in the USA and Australia like Chinese take-away food, too. But the most popular food in the USA is fried⁴² chicken.

根据短文内容判断正（T）误（F）。

1.People in England like fish and chips.
2.Fish and chips are the most popular food in China.
3.The English people often go to a fish and chip shop.
4.They put the food in paper bags.
5.They take the food only to their work place.
6.They never eat take-away food in the park.
7.Chinese takeaways are popular in England.
8.People in Australia don’t like Chinese take-away food.
9.The most popular food in Australia is fried chicken.
10. Fried chicken is the most popular food in the USA.

根据短文内容，用Ⅱ栏中适当的词语完成Ⅰ栏的内容。

Ⅰ
11.Fish and chips are ____.
12.The English people go to a fish and chip shop ____.
13.People eat take-away food ____.
14.People take the food home ____.
15.The American people also like ____.

Ⅱ
A.in the park at lunch time.
B.Chinese take-away food.
C.the most popular take-away food in England.
D.or to their work place
E³.to buy take-away food.

答案：1.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.T 11.C 12.E 13.A 14.D 15.B

　　这种主观阅读，相对于例一来说简单了很多。在通读全文的情况下，进行正误判断和填空应该不是很难。