(单词翻译:单击)
我们经常能接触到的动词有十六种时态。看下表。
一般时 |
进行时 |
完成时 |
完成进行时 |
一般现在时 | 现在进行时 | 现在完成时 | 现在完成进行时 |
一般过去时 | 过去进行时 | 过去完成时 | 过去完成进行时 |
一般将来时 | 将来进行时 | 将来完成时 | 将来完成进行时 |
一般过去将来时 | 过去将来进行时 | 过去将来完成时 | 过去将来完成进行时 |
一般时态 | 进行时态 | 完成时态 | 完成进行时态 | |
现在 | do/does | am/is/are doing | have/has done | have/has been doing |
过去 | did1 | was/were doing | had2 done | had been doing |
将来 | shall3/will do | shall/will be doing | shall/will have done | shall/will have been doing |
过去将来 | should/would do | should/would be doing | should/would have done | should/would have been doing |
由于,动词的时态设计内容较多,我们这讲只讲一般现在时。
一般现在时
作用
一、表示一般性或经常发生的动作或状态
二、表示习惯性动作和状态或普遍的现象或常识
三、表示客观事实、客观规律和客观真理。在宾语从句中,即使主句的谓语动词用了过去时,只要从句表示的是客观真理,从句的谓语动词也要用一般现在时。
四、祈使句
一般现在时由动词原形表示,(除第三人称后动词要加s),系动词be和have有特殊的形式。
第三人称单数
在一般现在时中,如果主语是第三人称单数,谓语要有相应的变化。
一、一般情况加s,例如:looks, listens, visits
二、以ch, sh, s, x或o结尾的词,加-es,例如:teaches, washes, guesses, goes, does
三、辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加-es,例如:carry-carries, study-studies
读音情况如下:
1、在[p], [t], [k], [f]清辅音后,读[s],例如:hopes, invites4, asks
2、在[z], [s], [?], [t?], [d?]后,读[iz],例如:teaches, wishes, fixes5
3、在浊辅音和元音及其它情况下, 读[z],例如:plans, tries, sends
一般现在时疑问句形式
系动词to be 动词to have 实义动词 Am I a student? Have I a hand? Do I (you) work? Are you a student? Have you a hand? Does he(she, it) work? Is he (she) a student? Has he (she, it) a hand? Do we (they, you) work? Are we (they) students? Have we (they) hands?
一般现在时否定句形式
系动词to be |
动词to have |
实义动词 |
I am not a student. You are not a student. He/she is not a student. We/They/You are not students. |
I haven’t a hand. You have not a hand. He/She/It has not a hand. We/They/You haven’t hands. |
I don’t work. He/She/It doesn’t work. We/They/You don’t work. |
一般现在时态用法
用法 |
举例 |
常用时间状语 |
经常性或习惯性动作 |
We go to school at 8 every day. |
Every Often Always Usually Sometimes Now and then In the morning |
现在的特征或状态 |
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普遍真理 |
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只用于一般现在时的表示状态和感觉的动词 |
Be, love, like, want, hope, suppose, need, prefer wish, know, find, feel, understand, believe, guess, hear |
1
did
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v.动词do的过去式 | |
参考例句: |
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2
had
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vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有 | |
参考例句: |
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3
shall
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v.aux.(主要用于第一人称)将 | |
参考例句: |
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4
invites
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v.邀请( invite的第三人称单数 );请求;引诱;招致 | |
参考例句: |
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5
fixes
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v.固定( fix的第三人称单数 );准备;修理;使牢固 | |
参考例句: |
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6
others
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prep.(pl.)另外的人 | |
参考例句: |
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7
earth
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n.陆地;大地;地球 | |
参考例句: |
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8
until
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prep.直到...为止;conj.直到...时才... | |
参考例句: |
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9
free
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adj.自由的,免费的;v.使自由;adv.随意地 | |
参考例句: |
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