(单词翻译:单击)
动词不定式作宾语且过长时常请it作形式宾语,而让真正的宾语——不定式断后。例如:
The man downstairs2 found3 it hard to fall asleep4.
2. 小品词to 的回避与复出
许多动词如teach,ask (要;让),tell,beg 等后常有带to的动词不定式作宾补;但let,have,make (让;使),feel,hear 等后作宾补的不定式结构,to 要回避。但在被动语态里to须“重出江湖”;help 后作宾补的不定式可加to,也可省略to.例如:
The policeman made5 the young woman move her car.
The young woman was6 made to move her car by the policeman.
[提示] 对不定式进行否定可在其前加not.如:let sb not do sth; tell sb not to do sth. 把直接引语为祈使句的句子变为间接引语,直接引语一般转换成不定式作宾补。例如:
The policeman said7. “Don’t play football in the street,children!”
The policeman asked the children not to play football in the street.
3. 回答原因,作目的状语
不定式(短语)常跟在come, go, run, hurry 等动词后作目的状语;或以“in order8 to +动词原形”、“so as1 to +动词原形”等形式出现,或回答what . . . for? / why . . . ?问句。例如:
-Hi, Peter! Why are you in such9 a hurry?
-To catch the 7:30 train.
[提示] 有时目的状语可置于句首,意为“为了……”,相当于in order to.例如:
To catch the bus, you must get up early.
在stop后的动词不定式其实是作目的状语,意为“停下来做另一件事”。例如:
Let’s stop to have a meal10. I know a good restaurant near here.
4. 作状语,简化相应的复合句
作结果状语的不定式常以“enough to . . . ,only to . . . , too . . . to . . . ”等形式出场,并能简化成so . . . that . . . 句式。例如:
Liu Mei was so lucky11 that she received13 many books from Project14 Hope15.
Liu Mei was lucky enough to receive12 many books from Project Hope.
5. 作后置定语
作定语时,不定式(短语)常置于被修饰的名词、不定代词等之后。例如:
Now China is the third country to send its astronauts16 into space after Russia17 and the US.
[提示]如果不定式(短语)是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词/副词。例如:
I found a nice place for him to live in.
6. 不定式be to do sth可表将来
be to do sth 表将来,意为“将要做某事”。例如:
Our train is to leave at eight.
7. 时代弄潮儿——“疑问词+不定式”
“疑问词+不定式”结构中的疑问词包括疑问代词which, who (m), what 和疑问副词how, when, where 等,并常简化相应的从句,但当主句与从句的主语不一致时,不定式常用被动形式。例如:
The little girl wanted to know when her father could18 take her to Pairs.
The little girl wanted to know when to be taken to Pairs by her father.
1
as
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conj.按照;如同 | |
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2
downstairs
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adj.楼下的;adv.在楼下;n.楼下 | |
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3
found
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v.建立,创立,创办;vbl.(find的过去分词)找到 | |
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asleep
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adj.睡熟了的,麻木的;adv.熟睡地 | |
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5
made
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v.make的过去式和过去分词 | |
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was
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v.(is,am的过去式)是,在 | |
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said
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v.动词say的过去式、过去分词 | |
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order
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n.订单;命令;n.顺序,整齐;勋章;阶级,决议;vt.命令; 调整;定购 | |
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such
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adj.如此的,这样的;pron.这样的;adv.如此地 | |
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meal
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n.膳食,一餐,谷物粗粉;vi.进餐 | |
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lucky
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adj.幸运的,侥幸的,碰巧的,吉祥的 | |
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12
receive
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v.接收;收到;得到 | |
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received
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adj.被一般承认的,被认为标准的v.收到( receive的过去式和过去分词 );接到;接纳;接待 | |
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project
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n.(学校的)课题,作业;项目,计划;方案;工程 | |
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hope
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vt.希望,期望;vi.希望,期待;n.希望,期望 | |
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astronauts
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n.宇航员,太空人( astronaut的名词复数 ) | |
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Russia
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n.俄罗斯,俄国 | |
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could
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v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以 | |
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