几种典型的作文开头引述方法

时间:2007-07-10 01:10:11

(单词翻译:单击)

Type1引述他人观点(为提出自己观点铺垫)

[1] It is widely(commonly) accepted(hold)+THAT
[2] A widely accepted(commonly) hold idea(point of view,viewpoint, opinion,assumption)is +THAT/NP
[3] A/The dominant(prevalent, prevailing)idea(see [2])is NP/to DO
[4] It is taken for granted+THAT(or:We often/frequently take it for granted THAT)
[5] People(The majority) seem to get accustomed to the idea(see [2]),without questioning,THAT
[6] People are willing to regard NP1 as NP2/ADJ
[7] People are willing to DO,while reluctant to DO

Type2提出异议

[1] However (But),…
[2] Such idea(see[1-2]),if not entirely1 ADJ1,is somewhat ADJ2 and needs careful consideration.
ADJI=unreasonable,unacceptable, inappropriate,improper,undesirable,
etc;
ADJ2=misleading,doubtrul, etc
[3] In fact(As a matter of fact),…(follow[2])
[4] However, it is not (quite, necessarily)the case.
[5] This (It) is not (quite, necessarily) the case and needs to bo fruther considered/discussed.(or:further consideration/discussion)

Type3论述的展开:说明原因和理由,层进,举例,转折

[1] The reason lies in several aspects,
[2] The reason why+clause+[1, underlined]
[3] There are several remarkable2 reasons.
[4] 层进in addition, besides, fruthermore, what’s more, on the other hand, meanwhile, for one thing…for another; finally, above all, in short.
[5] 举例for example, for instance, such (general term) as (specific terms),a typical (striking) example is that, a case in point
[6] 转折however, but, nevertheless,on the contrary
[7] 条件if , provided that, unless, as long as,etc

Type4 就…而言;关于

[1] as far as …is/are concemed: As far as current situation is concerned
[2] as t the problem as to NP有关…的问题

Type5问题

[1] Although much effort has been made, the situation is far from satisfactory (or: the problem remains3 unsolved, little improvement has been achieved)
[2] There is a tendency, as recent study (investigation) has pointed4 out (shown, revealed, indicated),+THAT
[3] There is growing concern about +NP
[4] It will inevitably5 (is likely to )result in (lead to ) unwanted (serious) consequence (or NP)
[5] Unfortunately,…
[6] We will not be able to afford the risk of overlooking the seriousness of the matter.
[7] The process, once initiated6, is most likely irreversible.
[8] We are constantly (frequently) faced with NP

TYPE6重要与必要;(应)注意与重视

[1] NP1 is of great importance (necessity, value) in NP2 (or: NP is of enormous significance)
[2] The importance (necessity) of NP (to do sth.) lies in (the fact) that…
[3] NP1 plays, as is known, an irreplaceably important role in NP2
[4] The irreplaceably important role NP1 plays in NP2 is significant (obvous)
[5] NP1 is an indispensable part of NP2
[6] It is important (necessary) to DO (or:THAT)
[7] Special attention should be pay to …(or: We should pay special attention to…)
[8] What we should take into consideration is +NP

Type7行动

[1](immediate, emergent, effective) Measures are being taken (has been
taken, should be taken) to DO
[3] We have made much effort, there is still more we need to make (cf. We have learnt a lot, there is much more we need to lea123)

Type8二择其一

[1] If it were left for me to decide whether (wh-clause),I would, without hesitation7, choose+to DO (or: I would prefer the former/the latter)
[2] To DO/NP is a matter of prerence.
[3] It is difficult to make a choice for one can hardly gain most without losing any.
[4] The difficulty lies in the fact that the advantages and disadvantages of both cases are equally obvious.
[5] In fact, we may well preserve a delicate balance or compromise between the two than go to extreme.
[6] It is not sensible to exclude one of the choices completely
[7] (of two conflicting ideas, concepts) Though conflicting to one another, they are so closely associated that understanding one will be impossible without discussing the other.
[8] The benefits of NP are varied…
[9]While disadvantages are unavoidable, it is the advantages that prevail.


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1 entirely entirely     
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
2 remarkable 8Vbx6     
adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的
参考例句:
  • She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
  • These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。
3 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
4 pointed Il8zB4     
adj.尖的,直截了当的
参考例句:
  • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
  • She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
5 inevitably x7axc     
adv.不可避免地;必然发生地
参考例句:
  • In the way you go on,you are inevitably coming apart.照你们这样下去,毫无疑问是会散伙的。
  • Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment.技术变革必然会导致失业。
6 initiated 9cd5622f36ab9090359c3cf3ca4ddda3     
n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始,创始,启蒙,介绍加入
参考例句:
  • He has not yet been thoroughly initiated into the mysteries of computers. 他对计算机的奥秘尚未入门。
  • The artist initiated the girl into the art world in France. 这个艺术家介绍这个女孩加入巴黎艺术界。
7 hesitation tdsz5     
n.犹豫,踌躇
参考例句:
  • After a long hesitation, he told the truth at last.踌躇了半天,他终于直说了。
  • There was a certain hesitation in her manner.她的态度有些犹豫不决。

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