(单词翻译:单击)
四、容易混淆的介词:
[考试说明] 熟练掌握介词in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、before的常见用法;理解这11个介词的其他用法及所学其他介词的一般用法。
1. above & over; below1 & under
[误] Our classroom is over theirs.
[正] Our classroom is above theirs.
[误] The plane flew3 above the bridge4.
[正] The plane flew over the bridge.
[误] The lights hung5 above the desk.
[正] The lights hung over the desk.
above、over都表示“在…上面”,且都表示表面不接触的上方,但over指垂直在上,而above则表示位置较高,不一定是正上方。
below、under都表示“在…下面”,below指位置低于某物或在某物的下方,但不一定在某物的正下方,其反义词是above,而under指在某物的正下方,有垂直在下的意思,其反义词是over。
2. by & on & over & through
[误] They’re talking on the radio.
[正] They’re talking by radio.
“通过无线电交谈”习惯上说talk by radio,名词前不加冠词。
“通过收音机听到”习惯上说hear sth. on/over/through the radio,名词前加冠词。
“通过电视看到”习惯上说watch sth. on TV。
“通过电话交谈”习惯上说talk with sb. on/over the telephone。
“通过人造卫星收发电视节目”习惯上说through man-made6 satellites7。
3. in & on & to
[误] Tian wan8 is to the east of China.
[误] Tian wan is on the east of China.
[正] Tian wan is in the east of China.
表示方位“在……(东西南北)边)时,介词in、on、to有不同的用法。以“在……东部”为例,表示在该地范围之内,用in the east of,表示在该地与某地“相邻”,有接壤之意,用on the east of,表示不在该地范围,且有中间物,用to the east of。
4. in the end & at the end of & by the end of & at last
都有“最后”的意思,但in the end表示“结果,末了”,与at last是同义词组,at the end of表示“在……末端,尽头”,后面要接名词短语,by the end of表示“在……结束时,末了为止”,后面接时间短语。
5. to & for & toward(s)
[误] He is leaving to HongKong next month.
[正] He is leaving for HongKong next month.
to,toward(s)作静态介词,表示静态位置时,均表示“朝……”或“向……”,一般两者可通用,towards指时间“将近”,意思是nearly;to则表示一段时间的终点,“差……到”的意思;for常用在leave、start等后面,表示要去的目的地,不可用to。
五、容易混淆的连词:
[考试说明] 掌握并列连词(如:and、but、or)和从属连词(如:when、if、that等)的基本用法。
1. because & since9 & as2 & for
[误] Because he was10 ill, so he didn’t go to school today.
[正] Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school today.
[正] He didn’t go to school today because he was ill.
because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是正式的理由。在含because的句子中,全句强调的重点在原因上,不在主句的结果上。因此,回答why提出的问题时,只能用because,不能用since、as或for。because of后面只能跟短语,不能跟从句。
since表示的原因,指人们已知的事实,常译为“既然”,引导的从句只是一种附带的说明原因,不是对原因的强调。because与since不能与so连用。
as表示原因与since差别不大,只是语气更弱,是显而易见的理由。
for表示因果关系时,可与because替换使用,所不同的只是它只能放在主句之后,不能放在句首。在含for的句子里,for从句有时只是对主句补充说明理由或推断原因,与前一分句不存在因果关系。
2.either11…or… & neither12…nor… & not only…but also… & both…and…
[误] Either he or I are right.
[正] Either he or I am right.
前三个连词连接名词、代词等作主语时,谓语动词要与离其最近的主语的单复数一致,both…and…的谓语动词则要用复数。
六、容易混淆的代词:
[考试说明] 熟练掌握人称代词主格、宾格形式及基本用法,在口语和书面语的表达中正确运用;掌握形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的基本用法;掌握反身代词作为宾语和同位语的基本用法;熟练掌握指示代词和疑问代词的基本用法。
1. either & each & none13 & neither & both & all & some
[误] Either of the books are good.
[正] Either of the books is good.
either/ each / none / neither of+复数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数, 其中neither的也可用复数;both/ all /some of+复数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
[模拟练习]
1. Mum, I’m very thirsty. Is there _____ in the fridge?
A. some milkB. any juiceC. any breadD. some cakes
2. –What time is it?
--Sorry. I don’t have a ______.
A. bookB. watchC. penD. picture
3. ______ is ______.
A. Orange, orangeB. Orange, an orange
C. An orange, orange D. An ranges15, an orange
4. Oh. It’s time ______.
A. for breakB. to breakC. for a breakD. to a break
5. The novel16 is very ______. I’m ______ in it.
A. interest17, interestB. interesting, interesting
C. interested18, interestedD. interesting, interested
6. Although19 the man lived ______, he didn’t feel ______ because he had20 quite ______ old friends.
A. lonely21, lonely, fewB. alone23, alone, few22
C. alone, lonely, a fewD. lonely, alone, a few
7. Everyday24 Mr. Green got25 ______ the lift and then got ______ his car to go to work.
A. on, offB. into, out, of
8. The jacket is so expensive. It ______ me a lot of money.
A. takesB. spendsC. paysD. costs27
9. Don’t throw about the paper. Please ______.
A. pick28 up itB. pick it upC. picks29 up itD. picks it up
10. Please hurry up! The plane ______ in a few minutes.
A. takes downB. will take away
C. takes placeD. will take off
11. His brother enjoys ______ football matches.
A. seeingB. lookingC. watchingD. finding30
12. You may ______ we go to visit our uncle.
A. sayB. tellC. speakD. talk
13. When we ran14 to the railway31 station, the plane just ______.
A. reachedB. gotC. arrivedD. went
14. China has ______ several32 manmade satellites into space.
A. sent upB. sent forC. sent awayD. sent back
15. You can ______ the book until33 you finish ______ it.
A. borrow34, looking B. lend35, watching
C. keep, readingD. return36, seeing
16. The box is ______. You can’t put ______ in it.
A. empty, somethingB. empty, anything
C. full, somethingD. full, anything
17. China is a ______ country in the world.
A. bigB. hugeC.tallD. great
18. There is ______ time for me to think. I must leave at once.
A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little
19. Girls always try to keep their rooms ______.
A. cleanB. cleaningC. to cleanD. cleans
20. –You look pretty today. --______.
A. You’re right.B. All right.
C. No. You’re not right.D. Thank you.
答案: 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. D
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below
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prep./adv.在……的下面;低于…… | |
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as
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conj.按照;如同 | |
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flew
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vbl.fly的过去式 | |
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bridge
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n.桥,鼻梁,桥牌;vt.渡过,架桥 | |
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hung
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v.悬( hang的过去式和过去分词 );(被)绞死;贴;逗留 | |
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man-made
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adj.人造的,合成的,人为的 | |
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satellites
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n.卫星( satellite的名词复数 );人造卫星;卫星国;附庸国 | |
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wan
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(wide area network)广域网 | |
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since
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adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从 | |
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was
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v.(is,am的过去式)是,在 | |
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either
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adj.任一,两方的;prep.任一,随便任一个;conj.或,也 | |
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neither
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adj.皆不,两不;int.两者都不;conj.既非,既不 | |
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none
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adv.一点也不;prep.没人,毫无;pron.没有人,没有任何东西 | |
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ran
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vbl.run的过去式 | |
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ranges
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n.类( range的名词复数 );(变动或浮动的)范围;射程;靶场v.搜索( range的第三人称单数 );变化;延伸;漫游 | |
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novel
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n.小说,长篇故事;adj.新奇的,异常的 | |
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interest
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v.引起…关注;使…感兴趣 | |
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interested
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adj.感兴趣的;拥有权益的;有成见的v.使…感兴趣(interest的过去分词) | |
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although
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conj(=though)虽然,即使,纵然,尽管 | |
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had
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vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有 | |
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lonely
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adj.孤独的,寂寞的,孤零零的,人迹罕至的 | |
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few
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adj.很少的,不多的,少数的;int.少数的 | |
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alone
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adj.单独的,孤独的;adv.单独地,独自地;仅仅 | |
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everyday
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adj.每天的,日常的,平常的 | |
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got
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v.(get的过去式)得到,猜到,明白 | |
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off
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adj.远的;休假的,空闲的;adv.走开,出发,隔断;prep.离开,脱落,在...之外 | |
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costs
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n.讼费,诉讼费用;不惜任何代价;价钱( cost的名词复数 );花费;牺牲;[用复数][法律]诉讼费(尤指判处败方偿付胜方的诉讼费用)v.价钱为,花费( cost的第三人称单数 );估计成本;付出(代价);估价 | |
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pick
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n.精选,掘;鹤嘴锄;vt.摘,掘,凿,挑选,挖,挑剔;vi. 摘,掘,凿,挖,挑选 | |
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picks
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n.镐( pick的名词复数 );最佳选择;选中的人(或物)v.采( pick的第三人称单数 );摘;啄;叼 | |
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finding
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n.发现,发现物;调查的结果 | |
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railway
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n.铁路;v.由铁道运输 | |
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several
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adj.几个,若干,数个;各个的,各自的 | |
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until
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prep.直到...为止;conj.直到...时才... | |
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borrow
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vt.借,借入,借用;vi.借 | |
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lend
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v.把…借给;借给 | |
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return
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vi.返回,回来;送还;回复,恢复;vt.归还,送还;n.返回,归来;偿还,归还;回复 | |
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