(单词翻译:单击)
九、动词(verb.)动词表示主语的动作或状态
(一)动词的种类。
(1)及物动词vt,其后接宾语。
eg.She wears a uniform.
(2)不及物动词vi,不接宾语。
eg :She can dance.
(3)连系动词like-v.接表语。
eg.They are nurses.
That sounds interesting.
His mother looks young.
If you keep milk for too long, it goes bad.
(4)助动词aux--V.接动词原形或分词(它无实在意思,只起语法作用)。
eg, DO you like pandas?
He has gone to Australia.
She is looking at the cat.
(5)情态动词mod-v.接动词原形(它不能单独作谓语,有自己的意思,无人称和数的变化)。
Eg. He must go now.
You should clean the classroom after class.
(6)有些动词既可作及物动词,也可作助动词或不及物动词,be也可作助动词。
eg.I do my homework after class.(Vt.)
She is a little bit2 quiet.(mod-v.)
She is swimming now.(aux-v.)
二)情态动词的用法
l .can/could
(1)表示具有某种能力,意为“能,能够,会”(could表过去)。
eg.I can sing English songs.
She could swim when she was5 four years old.
(2)表示许:可、允许,意为“可以”。
eg.Can we watch TV now?
You can’t play computer games in the morning.
(3)表示请求某人做某事,意为“能,能够”(用could使晤气更委婉)。
eg.Can/Could you help me,please?
(4)表示推测“可能”,多用于否定句和疑问句中。(表肯定推测可用must,might,could等)
Where can he have gone?他可能会去哪儿呢?
2.may/might
(1)表示许可、允许,意为“可以”,比can更正式。
eg. May l use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗?
May l ask you a question?我可以问你—个问题吗?
(2)表示推测“可能”,用于肯定句和否定句,不能用于疑问句。
eg.He may be at home now.他可能现在在家。
She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那儿。
1.两者都可以用来表示能力。
eg.I can/am able to mend8 the bike.
2.can只有现在时(Can)和过去时(could),而be able to可用于多种时态。
eg. I will be able to come back in another few9 months.
He hasn’t been able to get there before dark10.
3.can可以表示推测,但be able to不能。
eg.That Can't be Gina's dictionary11.
4.can与be able to;不能重复使用
eg.他能做好这件事。
He can be able to do is well.(X)
He can do it well.(√)
He is able to do it well.(√)
(三)must与have to的区别
1.主客观方面不同。
must表“义务”或“强制”,表示主观的必要;在肯定句中must还可表推测,语气要比may肯定多。have to表“必须”或“不得不”,表示客观的必要。
eg.We must clean the room.(表示我们认为房间太脏了。)
We have to clean the room.(表示没有人替我们打扫房间等客观原因。)
He must beat12 home before supper。(他晚饭前一定在家。)
2.人称和时态不同。
must无人称和时态的变化,一律用must十动词原形。have to后接动词原形,有人称、数和时态的变化,一般现在时的第三人称单数要用has to,过去时中要用had to,将来时中要用will have to。另外,have to还可与,情态动词和助动词连用。
eg: Tom must practice13 his guitar every day.
The train has left.We'll have to wait for the next train.
3.否定式及意义不同。
must not=mustn't“决不可/千万不可/务必不要”; don’t/doesn’t/didn’t/won’t+have to“不必”
eg.We mustn’t tell jokes14 on him.我们千万不可与他开玩笑。
We don’t have to tell jokes on him.我们不必和他开玩笑。
在对May I…?作否定回答时用No, you mustn’t/can’t.
eg. May l go to the movies? NO,You mustn't
5.疑问式及回答不同。
Must+主语+动词原形+…? Yes,主语+ must./NO,主语+needn’t.
助动词+主语+have to+动词原形+…?
Yes,主语+助动词./No,主语+助动词+not.
eg.Must l go now? Yes,you must./NO,you needn’t
Does she have to go to the doctor? Yes,she does./NO,she doesn’t.
1
as
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conj.按照;如同 | |
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2
bit
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n.一点儿,少量;钻头;马嚼子;辅币,位,比特(二进位制信息单位);v.控制 | |
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3
could
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v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以 | |
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Japanese
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n.日本人;日语;日文;adj.日本的;日本语的 | |
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was
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v.(is,am的过去式)是,在 | |
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true
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a.真实,不假的;忠实,可靠的;正确无误的 | |
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able
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adj.能...的,有才能的,能干的,能够的 | |
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mend
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n.修补,改进,修补处;vt.修改,改进;vi.改过自新,改进,痊愈 | |
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9
few
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adj.很少的,不多的,少数的;int.少数的 | |
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dark
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adj.黑色的;暗的;黑暗的 | |
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11
dictionary
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n.词典,字典,辞典 | |
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beat
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n.打,敲打声,拍子;v.打,打败 | |
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practice
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n.练习,实行,习惯;v.练习,实习,开业 | |
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14
jokes
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n.笑话,玩笑( joke的名词复数 );可笑的人、事物、情形v.开玩笑( joke的第三人称单数 );戏弄;闹着玩;说着玩 | |
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