英美报刊节选翻译练习(五)

时间:2008-02-21 02:45:38

(单词翻译:单击)

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From < The police are a bunch of monkeys >摘自(经济学人)Jan 26th 2006

Dr Flack thinks that monkey societies also have police. Moreover, removing those police makes such societies less happy places.
……
To look at the effect of such policing, the team first recorded details of the social network between members of the group. They looked at such things as grooming2, sitting in contact with or close to others, and play. Then they rounded up and removed the male police for ten hours on a randomly3 chosen day once a fortnight (they left the female because they thought that removing her would be socially disruptive for other reasons). Ten hours was reckoned long enough for the effects of the police's absence to be noticed, but not so long that the remaining males would start manoeuvring to occupy the vacant alpha positions.

It turned out that policing is the keystone of macaque society.Removing the police resulted in the remaining monkeys grooming fewer others, playing with fewer others and dividing up into cliques5 as the social network that held the troop together broke down. The number of aggressive incidents also increased.

Dr Flack thinks that the role of policing in these monkeys is to allow individuals to socialise widely at little risk and thus hold a large troop together, since the police will intervene if things get out of hand. The benefit to the police themselves, presumably, is the size of the troop, with the attendant virtues6 of defensive7 strength and (for the males) more available females. In simian8 as in human society, rank hath its privilege—and its obligations, too.

new words

reckon     v. 计算,总计,评估
I reckon this will be a hot summer.
我估计这将是一个炎热的夏天。
They reckon the book as one of his best works.
他们认为这本书是他的优秀作品之一。
The news won't worry her, I reckon.
我看这消息不会使她不安。
We're reckoning on moving house in May.
我们指望著五月份搬家.
Can I reckon on you to help?
你能帮助我吗?
When you did your expenses, did you reckon in your taxi fares?
你计算费用时, 把计程车费算进去了吗?
They had many difficulties to reckon with.
他们有许多困难要考虑
一个建设的新高潮正在兴起。
manoeuvring    [军]调遣,部署,操纵
Cyclists were manoeuvring on the practice track.
自行车运动员在练习用的车道上练习技巧.
Several candidates had been manoeuvring for position long before the leadership became vacant.
领导职位尚未空缺, 几个竞争者早就在为向上爬而钩心斗角了.
The fleet is manoeuvring in the Baltic.
该舰队正在波罗的海演习.
groom1     n. 马夫,新郎,男仆;v. 喂马,整饰,推荐
Monkeys groom each other.
猴子相互梳理毛发。
groom a presidential candidate
推荐总统候选
groom an employee for advancement9.
准备提升一名雇员
clique4    n. 私党,派系,阀;v. 结党
The club is dominated by a small clique of intellectuals.
这俱乐部被知识分子小集团把持著.
troop    n. 群,组,多数;v. 群集,结队,成群而行
There is a troop of monkeys in the woods.
林子中有一群猴子。
The audience began to troop away.
听众开始成群结队地离去。
He came out with a troop of followers10.
他带着一大群随从走出来。
The troop ships were convoyed across the Atlantic
运兵船被护送渡过大西洋。
The troop made good their retreat from the occupied city
部队从沦陷的城市安全撤出。
The enemy made a thrust against our troop.
敌人向我军发动了袭击。

 

≡参考答案:≡

 

据计算,10个小时已经足以显示缺少警察的结果,但是还不足以使的剩余的雄性猴子开始行动起来占据空出来的首席位。 把猴群警察移走的结果是剩余的猴子相互梳毛、相互玩耍的行为减少了,并分成了几个帮派。因为把整个群体集合在一起的社会网络瓦解了。 Flack博士认为警察在猴群中的作用是在几乎没有危险的情况下让单个猴子能够广泛交际,因而能够保持群体的集合。因为警察会在局面难以控制时进行干预。

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1 groom 0fHxW     
vt.给(马、狗等)梳毛,照料,使...整洁
参考例句:
  • His father was a groom.他父亲曾是个马夫。
  • George was already being groomed for the top job.为承担这份高级工作,乔治已在接受专门的培训。
2 grooming grooming     
n. 修饰, 美容,(动物)梳理毛发
参考例句:
  • You should always pay attention to personal grooming. 你应随时注意个人仪容。
  • We watched two apes grooming each other. 我们看两只猩猩在互相理毛。
3 randomly cktzBM     
adv.随便地,未加计划地
参考例句:
  • Within the hot gas chamber, molecules are moving randomly in all directions. 在灼热的气体燃烧室内,分子在各个方向上作无规运动。 来自辞典例句
  • Transformed cells are loosely attached, rounded and randomly oriented. 转化细胞则不大贴壁、圆缩并呈杂乱分布。 来自辞典例句
4 clique tW0yv     
n.朋党派系,小集团
参考例句:
  • The reactionary ruling clique was torn by internal strife.反动统治集团内部勾心斗角,四分五裂。
  • If the renegade clique of that country were in power,it would have meant serious disaster for the people.如果那个国家的叛徒集团一得势,人民就要遭殃。
5 cliques 5c4ad705fea1aae5fc295ede865b8921     
n.小集团,小圈子,派系( clique的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • All traitorous persons and cliques came to no good end. 所有的叛徒及叛徒集团都没好下场。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • They formed cliques and carried arms expansion and war preparations. 他们拉帮结派,扩军备战。 来自互联网
6 virtues cd5228c842b227ac02d36dd986c5cd53     
美德( virtue的名词复数 ); 德行; 优点; 长处
参考例句:
  • Doctors often extol the virtues of eating less fat. 医生常常宣扬少吃脂肪的好处。
  • She delivered a homily on the virtues of family life. 她进行了一场家庭生活美德方面的说教。
7 defensive buszxy     
adj.防御的;防卫的;防守的
参考例句:
  • Their questions about the money put her on the defensive.他们问到钱的问题,使她警觉起来。
  • The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids.政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御空袭。
8 simian 2ENyA     
adj.似猿猴的;n.类人猿,猴
参考例句:
  • Ada had a wrinkled,simian face.埃达有一张布满皱纹、长得像猿猴的脸。
  • Curiosity is the taproot of an intellectual life,the most valuable of our simian traits.好奇是高智生命的根源,也是我们类人猿特征中最有价值的部分。
9 advancement tzgziL     
n.前进,促进,提升
参考例句:
  • His new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated.他对生理学发展的新贡献获得高度赞赏。
  • The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.大学的目标应是促进学术。
10 followers 5c342ee9ce1bf07932a1f66af2be7652     
追随者( follower的名词复数 ); 用户; 契据的附面; 从动件
参考例句:
  • the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
  • The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。

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