英文法律词典 R-54

时间：2008-03-22 05:35:10

（单词翻译:单击）

REPRESENTATION, Scotch¹ law. The name of a plea or statement presented to a lord ordinary of the court of sessions, when his judgment² is brought under review.

REPRESENTATION OF PERSONS; A fiction of the law, the effect of which is to put the representative in the place, degree, or right of the person represen-ted.

2. The heir represents his ancestor. Bac. Abr. Heir and Ancestor, A. The devisee, his testator; the executor, his testator; the administrator³, his intestate; the successor in corporations, his predecessor⁴. And generally speaking they are entitled to the rights of the persons whom they represent, and bound to fulfil the duties and obligations, which were binding⁵ upon them in those characters.

3. Representation was unknown to the Romans, and was invented by the commentators⁶ and doctors of the civil law. Toull. Dr. Civ. Fr. liv. 3, t. 1, c. 3, n. 180. Vide Ayl. Pand. 397; Dall. Diet. mot Succession, art. 4, §2.

REPRIEVE⁷, crim. law practice. This term is derived⁸ from reprendre, to take back, and signifies the withdrawing of a sentence for an interval⁹ of time, and operates in delay of execution. 4 Bl. Com. 394. It is granted by the favor of the pardoning power, or by the court who tried the prisoner.

3. Reprieves¹⁰ are sometimes granted ex necessitate¹¹ legis; for example, when a woman is convicted of a capital offence, after judgment she may allege¹² pregnancy¹³ in delay of execution. In order, however, to render this plea available she must be quick with child, (q. v.) the law presuming, perhaps absurdly enough, that before that period, life does not commence in the foetus. 3 Inst. 17; 2 Hale, 413; 1 Hale, 368; 4 Bl. Com. 395.

4. The judge is also bound to grant a reprieve when the prisoner becomes insane. 4 Harg. St. Tr. 205, 6; 3 Inst. 4; Hawk¹⁴ B. 1, c. 1, s. 4; 1 Chit. Cr. Law, 757.

REPRIMAND, punishment. The censure¹⁵ which in some cases a public office pronounces against an offender¹⁶.

2. This species of punishment is used by legislative¹⁷ bodies to punish their members or others who have been guilty of some impropriety of conduct towards them. The reprimand is usually pronounced by the speaker.

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1 scotch
n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的
参考例句：
Facts will eventually scotch these rumours.这种谣言在事实面前将不攻自破。 Italy was full of fine views and virtually empty of Scotch whiskey.意大利多的是美景，真正缺的是苏格兰威士忌。

2 judgment
n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见
参考例句：
The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。 He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

3 administrator
n.经营管理者，行政官员
参考例句：
The role of administrator absorbed much of Ben's energy.行政职务耗掉本很多精力。 He has proved himself capable as administrator.他表现出管理才能。

4 predecessor
n.前辈，前任
参考例句：
It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。 The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

5 binding
有约束力的，有效的，应遵守的
参考例句：
The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。 Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。

6 commentators
n.评论员( commentator的名词复数 )；时事评论员；注释者；实况广播员
参考例句：
Sports commentators repeat the same phrases ad nauseam. 体育解说员翻来覆去说着同样的词语，真叫人腻烦。 Television sports commentators repeat the same phrases ad nauseam. 电视体育解说员说来说去就是那么几句话，令人厌烦。来自《简明英汉词典》

7 reprieve
n.暂缓执行（死刑）；v.缓期执行；给…带来缓解
参考例句：
He was saved from the gallows by a lastminute reprieve.最后一刻的缓刑令把他从绞架上解救了下来。 The railway line, due for closure, has been granted a six-month reprieve.本应停运的铁路线获准多运行6 个月。

8 derived
vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取
参考例句：
Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。来自《简明英汉词典》 He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。来自《简明英汉词典》

9 interval
n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息
参考例句：
The interval between the two trees measures 40 feet.这两棵树的间隔是40英尺。 There was a long interval before he anwsered the telephone.隔了好久他才回了电话。

10 reprieves
n.（死刑）缓期执行令( reprieve的名词复数 )；暂缓，暂止v.缓期执行（死刑）( reprieve的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
Death: You all say that. But I grant no reprieves. 死神：你总是这样说，但是，我不再容许拖延。来自互联网

11 necessitate
v.使成为必要，需要
参考例句：
Your proposal would necessitate changing our plans.你的提议可能使我们的计划必须变更。 The conversion will necessitate the complete rebuilding of the interior.转变就必需完善内部重建。

12 allege
vt.宣称，申述，主张，断言
参考例句：
The newspaper reporters allege that the man was murdered but they have given no proof.新闻记者们宣称这个男人是被谋杀的，但他们没提出证据。 Students occasionally allege illness as the reason for absence.学生时不时会称病缺课。

13 pregnancy
n.怀孕，怀孕期
参考例句：
Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。 Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

14 hawk
n.鹰，骗子；鹰派成员
参考例句：
The hawk swooped down on the rabbit and killed it.鹰猛地朝兔子扑下来,并把它杀死。 The hawk snatched the chicken and flew away.老鹰叼了小鸡就飞走了。

15 censure
v./n.责备；非难；责难
参考例句：
You must not censure him until you know the whole story.在弄清全部事实真相前不要谴责他。 His dishonest behaviour came under severe censure.他的不诚实行为受到了严厉指责。

16 offender
n.冒犯者，违反者，犯罪者
参考例句：
They all sued out a pardon for an offender.他们请求法院赦免一名罪犯。 The authorities often know that sex offenders will attack again when they are released.当局一般都知道性犯罪者在获释后往往会再次犯案。

17 legislative
n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的
参考例句：
Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。 Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。