(单词翻译:单击)
SIDE BAR RULES, Eng practice. Rules which were formerly1 moved for by attorneys on the side bar of the court; but now may be had of the clerk of the rules, upon a praecipe. These rules are, that the sheriff return his writ2; that he bring in the body; for special imparlance; to be present at the taxing of costs, and the like.
SIENS. An obsolete3 word, formerly used for scion4, which figuratively signified a person who descended5 from another. "The sien," says Lord Coke, "takes all his nourishment6 from the stocke, and yet it produceth his own fruit." Co. Lit. 123 a. Vide Branch.
SIGILLUM. A seal. (q. v.) Vide Scroll7.
SIGHT, contracts. Bills of exchange are frequently made payable8 at sight, that is, on presentment, which might be taken naturally to mean that the bill should then be paid without further delay; but although the point be not clearly settled, it seems the drawee is entitled to the days of grace. Beaw. Lex Mer. pl. 256; Kyd on Bills, 10; Chit. on Bills, 343-4; Bayley on Bills, 42, 109, 110; Selw. N. P. 339.
2. - The holder9 of a bill payable at sight, is required to use due diligence to put it into circulation, or have it presented for acceptance within a reasonable time. 20 John. 146; 7 Cowen, 705; 12 Pick. 399 13 Mass. 137; 4 Mason, 336; 5 Mason's 118; 1 McCord, 322; 1 Hawks10, 195.
3. When the bill is payable any number of days after sight, the time begins to run from the period of presentment and acceptance, and not from the time of mere11 presentment. 1 Mason, 176; 20 John. 176.
SIGN, contracts, evidence. A token of anything; a note or token given without words.
2. Contracts are express or implied. The express are manifested viva voce, or by writing; the implied are shown by silence, by acts, or by signs.
3. Among all nations find and at all times, certain signs have been considered as proof of assent12 or dissent13; for example, the nodding of the head, and the shaking of hands; 2 Bl. Com. 448; 6 Toull. D. 33; Heinnec., Antiq. lib. 3, t. 23, n. 19; silence and inaction, facts and signs are sometimes very strong evidence of cool reflection, when following a question. I ask you to lend me one hundred dollars, without saying a word you put your hand in your pocket, and deliver me the money. I go into a hotel and I ask the landlord if he can accommodate me and take care of my trunk; without speaking he takes it out of my hands and sends it into his chamber14. By this act he doubtless becomes responsible to me as a bailee. At the expiration15 of a lease, the tenant16 remains17 in possession, without any objection from the landlord; this may be fairly interpreted as a sign of a consent that the lease shall be renewed. 13 Serg. & Rawle, 60.
4, The learned author of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, in his 44th chapter, remarks, "Among savage18 nations, the want of letters is imperfectly supplied by the use of visible signs, which awaken19 attention, and perpetuate20 the remembrance of any public or private transaction. The jurisprudence of the first Romans exhibited the scenes of a pantomime; the words were adapted to the gestures, and the slightest error or neglect in the forms of proceeding21 was sufficient to annul22 the substance of the fairest claim. The communion of the marriage-life was denoted by the necessary elements of fire and water: and the divorced wife resigned, the bunch of keys, by the delivery of which she had been invested with the government of the family. The manumission of a son, or a slave, was performed by turning him round with a gentle blow on the cheek: a work was prohibited by the casting of a stone; prescription23 was interrupted by the breaking of a branch; the clenched24 fist was the symbol of a pledge or deposits; the right hand was the gift of faith and confidence. The indenture25 of covenants26 was a broken straw; weights and, scales were introduced into every payment, and the heir who accepted a testament27, was sometimes obliged to snap his fingers, to cast away his garments, and to leap and dance with real or affected28 transport. If a citizen pursued any stolen goods into a neighbor's house, he concealed29 his nakedness with a linen30 towel, and hid his. face with a mask or basin, lest he should encounter the eyes of a virgin31 or a matron. In a civil action, the plaintiff touched the ear of his witness seized his reluctant adversary32 by the neck and implored33, in solemn lamentation34, the aid of his fellow-citizens. The two competitors grasped each other's hand, as if they stood prepared for combat before the tribunal of the praetor: he commanded them to produce the object of the dispute; they went, they returned with measured steps, and a clod of earth was cast at his feet to represent the field for which they contended. This occult science of the words and actions of law, was the inheritance of the pontiffs and patricians35. Like the Chaldean astrologers, they announced to their clients the days of business and repose36; these important trifles wore interwoven with the religion of Numa; and, after the publication of the Twelve Tables, the Roman people were still enslaved by the ignorance of judicial37 proceedings38. The treachery of some plebeian39 officers at length revealed the profitable mystery: in a more enlightened age, the legal actions were derided40 and observed; and the same antiquity41 which sanctified the practice, obliterated42 the use and meaning, of this primitive43 language."
1
formerly
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adv.从前,以前 | |
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writ
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n.命令状,书面命令 | |
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obsolete
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adj.已废弃的,过时的 | |
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scion
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n.嫩芽,子孙 | |
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descended
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a.为...后裔的,出身于...的 | |
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nourishment
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n.食物,营养品;营养情况 | |
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scroll
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n.卷轴,纸卷;(石刻上的)漩涡 | |
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payable
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adj.可付的,应付的,有利益的 | |
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holder
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n.持有者,占有者;(台,架等)支持物 | |
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hawks
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鹰( hawk的名词复数 ); 鹰派人物,主战派人物 | |
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mere
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adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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assent
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v.批准,认可;n.批准,认可 | |
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dissent
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n./v.不同意,持异议 | |
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chamber
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n.房间,寝室;会议厅;议院;会所 | |
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expiration
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n.终结,期满,呼气,呼出物 | |
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tenant
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n.承租人;房客;佃户;v.租借,租用 | |
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remains
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n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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savage
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adj.野蛮的;凶恶的,残暴的;n.未开化的人 | |
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awaken
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vi.醒,觉醒;vt.唤醒,使觉醒,唤起,激起 | |
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perpetuate
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v.使永存,使永记不忘 | |
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proceeding
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n.行动,进行,(pl.)会议录,学报 | |
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annul
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v.宣告…无效,取消,废止 | |
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prescription
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n.处方,开药;指示,规定 | |
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clenched
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v.紧握,抓紧,咬紧( clench的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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indenture
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n.契约;合同 | |
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covenants
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n.(有法律约束的)协议( covenant的名词复数 );盟约;公约;(向慈善事业、信托基金会等定期捐款的)契约书 | |
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testament
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n.遗嘱;证明 | |
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affected
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adj.不自然的,假装的 | |
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concealed
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a.隐藏的,隐蔽的 | |
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linen
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n.亚麻布,亚麻线,亚麻制品;adj.亚麻布制的,亚麻的 | |
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virgin
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n.处女,未婚女子;adj.未经使用的;未经开发的 | |
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adversary
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adj.敌手,对手 | |
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implored
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恳求或乞求(某人)( implore的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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lamentation
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n.悲叹,哀悼 | |
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patricians
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n.(古罗马的)统治阶层成员( patrician的名词复数 );贵族,显贵 | |
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repose
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v.(使)休息;n.安息 | |
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judicial
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adj.司法的,法庭的,审判的,明断的,公正的 | |
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proceedings
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n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报 | |
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plebeian
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adj.粗俗的;平民的;n.平民;庶民 | |
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derided
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v.取笑,嘲笑( deride的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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antiquity
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n.古老;高龄;古物,古迹 | |
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obliterated
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v.除去( obliterate的过去式和过去分词 );涂去;擦掉;彻底破坏或毁灭 | |
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primitive
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adj.原始的;简单的;n.原(始)人,原始事物 | |
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