英文法律词典 S-108

时间：2008-03-26 01:35:11

（单词翻译:单击）

SURPLUSAGE, accounts. A greater dishursement than the charges of the accountant amount to.

SURPRISE. This term is frequently used in courts of equity1 and by writers on equity jurisprudence. It signifies the act by which a party who is entering into a contract is taken unawares, by which sudden confusion or perplexity is created, which renders it proper that a court of equity should relieve the party so surprised. 2 Bro. Ch. R. 150; 1 Story, Eq. Jur. §120, note. Mr. Jeremy, Eq. Jur. 366, seems to think that the word surprise is a technical expression, and nearly synonymous. with fraud. Page 383, note. It is sometimes, used in this sense when it is deemed presumptive of, or approaching to fraud. 1 Fonbl. Eq. 123 3 Chan. Cas. 56, 74, 103, 114. Vide 6 Ves. R. 327, 338; 2 Bro. Ch. R. 826; 16 Ves. R. 81, 86, 87; 1 Cox, R. 340; 2 Harr. Dig. 92.

2. In practice, by surprise is understood that situation in which a party is placed, without any default of his own, which will be, injurious to his interest. 8 N. AS. 407. The courts always do everything in their power to relieve a party from the effects of a surprise, when he has been diligent2 in endeavouring to avoid it. 1 Clarke's R. 162; 3 Bouv. Inst. n. 3285.

SURREBUTTER, pleading. The plaintiff's answer to the defendant's rebutter is governed by the same rules as the replication. (q. v.) Vide 6 Com. Dig. 185; 7 Com. Dig. 389

SUBREJOINDER, pleading. The plaintiff's answer to the defendant's rejoinder. It is governed in every respect by the same rules as the replication. (q. v.) Steph. Pl. 77; Arch., Civ. Pl. 284; 7 Com. Dig. 389.

SURRENDER, estates, conveyancing. A yielding up of an estate for life or years to him who has an immediate3 estate in reversion or remainder, by which the lesser4 estate is merged5 in the greater by mutual6 agreement, Co. Litt. 337, b.

2. A surrender is of a nature directly opposite to a release; for, as the latter operates by the greater estate descending7 upon the less, the former is the falling of a less estate into a greater, by deed. A surrender immediately divests8 the estate of the surrenderer, aud vests it in the surrenderee, even without the assent9 (q. v.) of the latter. Touchs. 300, 301.

3. The technical and proper words of this conveyance10 are, surrender and yield up; but any form of words; by which the intention. of the parties is sufficiently11 manifested, will operate as a surrender, Perk12. §607; 1 Term Rep. 441; Com. Dig. Surrender, A.

4. The surrender may be express or implied. The latter is when an estate, incompatible13 with the existing estate, is accepted or the lessee14 takes a new lease of the same lands. 16 Johns. Rep. 28; 2 Wils. 26; 1 Barn. & A. 50; 2 Barn. & A. 119; 5 Taunt15. 518, and see 6 East, R. 86; 9 Barn. & Cr. 288 7 Watts16, R. 128. Vide, generally, Cruise, Dig. tit. 32, c. 7; Com. Dig. h. t.; Vin. Ab. h. t.; 4 Kent, Com. 102; Nels. Ab. h. t.; Rolle's Ab. h. t. 11 East, R. 317, n.

5. The deed or instrument by which a surrender is made, is also called a surrender. For the law of presumption17 of surrenders, see Math. on Pres. ch. 13, p. 236; Addis. on Contr. 658-661.


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1 equity ji8zp     
n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票
参考例句：
  • They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
  • To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。
2 diligent al6ze     
adj.勤勉的，勤奋的
参考例句：
  • He is the more diligent of the two boys.他是这两个男孩中较用功的一个。
  • She is diligent and keeps herself busy all the time.她真勤快，一会儿也不闲着。
3 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的
参考例句：
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
4 lesser UpxzJL     
adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地
参考例句：
  • Kept some of the lesser players out.不让那些次要的球员参加联赛。
  • She has also been affected,but to a lesser degree.她也受到波及，但程度较轻。
5 merged d33b2d33223e1272c8bbe02180876e6f     
（使）混合( merge的过去式和过去分词 )； 相融； 融入； 渐渐消失在某物中
参考例句：
  • Turf wars are inevitable when two departments are merged. 两个部门合并时总免不了争争权限。
  • The small shops were merged into a large market. 那些小商店合并成为一个大商场。
6 mutual eFOxC     
adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的
参考例句：
  • We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
  • Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。
7 descending descending     
n. 下行 adj. 下降的
参考例句：
  • The results are expressed in descending numerical order . 结果按数字降序列出。
  • The climbers stopped to orient themselves before descending the mountain. 登山者先停下来确定所在的位置，然后再下山。
8 divests 71ba6ef2ace72f9b85fdddd7f371f59e     
v.剥夺( divest的第三人称单数 )；脱去（衣服）；2。从…取去…；1。（给某人）脱衣服
参考例句：
  • The court order divests the company of all its assets. 法院指令剝夺了公司的所有资产。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Along with the accelerated competition in telecom market, mobile services divests part of fixed telephone services. 随着电信市场竞争的加剧，全球固话业务被移动分流。 来自互联网
9 assent Hv6zL     
v.批准，认可；n.批准，认可
参考例句：
  • I cannot assent to what you ask.我不能应允你的要求。
  • The new bill passed by Parliament has received Royal Assent.议会所通过的新方案已获国王批准。
10 conveyance OoDzv     
n.(不动产等的)转让，让与；转让证书；传送；运送；表达；（正）运输工具
参考例句：
  • Bicycles have become the most popular conveyance for Chinese people.自行车已成为中国人最流行的代步工具。
  • Its another,older,usage is a synonym for conveyance.它的另一个更古老的习惯用法是作为财产转让的同义词使用。
11 sufficiently 0htzMB     
adv.足够地，充分地
参考例句：
  • It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
  • The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。
12 perk zuSyi     
n.额外津贴；赏钱；小费；
参考例句：
  • His perks include a car provided by the firm.他的额外津贴包括公司提供的一辆汽车。
  • And the money is,of course,a perk.当然钱是额外津贴。
13 incompatible y8oxu     
adj.不相容的，不协调的，不相配的
参考例句：
  • His plan is incompatible with my intent.他的计划与我的意图不相符。
  • Speed and safety are not necessarily incompatible.速度和安全未必不相容。
14 lessee H9szP     
n.（房地产的）租户
参考例句：
  • The lessor can evict the lessee for failure to pay rent.出租人可驱逐不付租金的承租人。
  • The lessee will be asked to fill in a leasing application.租赁人要求填写一张租赁申请。
15 taunt nIJzj     
n.辱骂，嘲弄；v.嘲弄
参考例句：
  • He became a taunt to his neighbours.他成了邻居们嘲讽的对象。
  • Why do the other children taunt him with having red hair?为什么别的小孩子讥笑他有红头发？
16 watts c70bc928c4d08ffb18fc491f215d238a     
（电力计量单位）瓦，瓦特( watt的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • My lamp uses 60 watts; my toaster uses 600 watts. 我的灯用60瓦，我的烤面包器用600瓦。
  • My lamp uses 40 watts. 我的灯40瓦。
17 presumption XQcxl     
n.推测，可能性，冒昧，放肆，[法律]推定
参考例句：
  • Please pardon my presumption in writing to you.请原谅我很冒昧地写信给你。
  • I don't think that's a false presumption.我认为那并不是错误的推测。

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