英文法律词典 W-42

WRIT¹ OF WASTE. The name of a writ to be issued against a tenant² who has committed waste of the premises³. There are several forms of this writ, that against a tenant in dower differs from the others. F. N. B. 125.

WRITING. The act of forming by the hand letters or characters of a particular kind on paper or other suitable substance, and artfully putting them together so as to co nvey ideas. It differs from printing, which is the formation of words on paper or other proper substance by means of a stamp. Sometimes by writing ii understood printing, and sometimes printing and writing mixed.

2. Many contracts are required to be in writing; all deeds for real estate must be in writing, for it cannot be conveyed by a contract not in writing, yet it is the constant practice to make deeds partly in printing, and partly in writing. Wills, except nuncupative wills, must begin writing, and signed by the testator; and nuncupative wills must be reduced to writing by the witnesses within a limited time after the testator's death.

3. Records, bonds, bills of exchange and many other engagements, must, from their nature, be made in writing, See Frauds, statute⁴ of; Language.

WRITING OBLIGATORY⁵. A bond; an agreement reduced to writing, by which the party becomes bound to perform something, or suffer it to be done.

WRONG. An injury; (q. v.) a tort (q. v.) a violation⁶ of right. In its most usual sense, wrong signifies an injury committed to the person or property of another, or to his relative rights, unconnected with contract; and these wrongs are committed with or without force. But in a more extended signification, wrong includes the violation of a contract; a failure by a man to perform his undertaking⁷ or promise is a wrong or injury to him to whom it was made. 3 Bl. Com. 158.

2. Wrongs are divided into public and private. 1. A public wrong is an act which is injurious to the public generally, commonly known by the name of crime, misdemeanor, or offence, and it is punishable in various ways, such as indictments⁸, summary proceedings⁹, and upon conviction by death, imprisonment¹⁰, fine, &c. 2. Private wrongs, which are injuries to individuals, unaffecting the public: these are redressed¹¹ by actions for damages, &c.

WRONG-DOER. One who commits an injury, a tort-feasor. (q. v.) Vide Dane's Abridgment¹², Index, h. t.

WRONGFULLY INTENDING. These words are used in a declaration when in an action for an injury, the motive¹³ of the defendant¹⁴ in committing it can be proved, for then his malicious¹⁵ intent ought to be averred¹⁶. This is sufficiently¹⁷ done if it be substantially alleged¹⁸, in general terms, as wrongfully intending. 3 Bouv. Inst. n. 2871.