1998年6月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案
时间：2006-09-07 08:24:05
（单词翻译:单击）
大学英语六级考试
Part I Listening Comprehension（20 minutes）
Section A
Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause. During the pause， you must read the four suggested answers marked A），B），C）and D）and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Example: You will hear:
You will read: A）2 hours. B）3 hours.
C）4 hours. D）5 hours.
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morning and have to finish at2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D）“5 hours” is the correct answer. Youshould choose ［D］ on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.
Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［D］
1.A) He thinks that there won't be enough sets for everybody.
B) He thinks that the speaker won't show up.
C) He thinks the seminar won't be open to the public.
D) He thinks that there might not be any more tickets available.
2.A) Their father is unable to keep his promise.
B) Their father is going on a vacation without her.
C) Their father isn't telling her the truth.
D) Their father doesn't want to travel abroad.
3.A) John didn't pass, although he had tried his best.
B) John did better than he thought he was able to.
C) John got an excellent score, which was unexpected.
D) John was disappointed at his math score.
4.A) The roof of the woman's house needs to be repaired.
B) The roof of the man's house has several bad leaks.
C) The woman's bathroom was badly damaged.
D) The man works for a roofing company.
5.A) Mr. Smith will be replaced if he makes another mistake.
B) Mr. Smith is an admirable chief of the Asian Department.
C) Mr. smith's department is more successful than all the others.
D) Mr. smith is seldom in his office.
6.A) She don't have a fax machine. B) She may quit her present job soon.
C) She is tired of her present job. D) Her phone number has changed.
7.A) Someone has taken her luggage. B) Her flight is 50 minutes late.
C) Her luggage has been delayed. D) She can't find the man she's been waiting for.
8.A) To do whatever the committee asks him to.
B) To make decisions in agreement with the committee.
C) To run the committee his way.
D) To make himself the committee chairman.
9.A) The woman found the mail box empty.
B) The man is waiting for some important mail.
C) The man has just sent out his application.
D) The woman will write a postcard to her daughter.
10.A) Read the operation manual. B) Try the buttons one by one.
C) Ask the shop assistant for advice. D) Make the machine run slowly.
Section B
Directions: In this section， you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage， you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). The mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage one
Questions 11 to l4 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11.A) They were drawing pictures. B) They were watching TV.
C) They were making a telephone call. D) They were tidying up the drawing room.
12.A) They locked the couple up in the drawing room.
B) They seriously injured the owners of the house.
C) They smashed the TV set and the telephone.
D) They took away sixteen valuable paintings.
13.A) He accused them of the theft. B) He raised the rents.
C) He refused to prolong their land lease. D) He forced them to abandon their traditions.
14.A) They wanted to protect the farmers' interests.
B) They wanted to extend the reservation area for birds.
C) They wanted to steal his valuable paintings.
D) They wanted to drive him away from the island.
Passage Two
Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
15.A) Through food B) Through air.
C) Through insects D) Through body fluids.
16.A) They ran a high fever. B) They died from excessive bleeding.
C) Their nervous system was damaged D) They suffered from heart-attack.
17.A) To see what happened to the survivors1 of the outbreak.
B) To study animals that can also get infected with the disease.
C) To find out where the virus originates.
D) To look for the plants that could cure the disease.
Passage Three
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
18.A) To determine whether the Earth's temperature is going up.
B) To study the behavior of some sea animals.
C) To measure the depths of the ocean.
D) To measure the movement of waves in the ocean.
19.A) They were frightened and distressed2.
B) They swam away when the speaker was turned on.
C) They swam closer to “examine”the speaker when it was turned off.
D) They didn't seem to be frightened and kept swimming near the speaker.
20.A) To attract more sea animals to the testing site.
B) To drive dangerous sea animals away from the testing site.
C) To help trace the sea animals being tested.
D) To determine how sea animals communicate with each other.
Part ⅡReading Comprehension（35 minutes）
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A），B) ，C) and D）. you should divide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Cyberspace3 (网络空间)， data superhighways, mullet media-for those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives for ever, Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological4 utopia(乌托邦) little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the“how, ”the question of “for whom ”is put aside once again.
Economists5 are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected6 the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical7 and industrial boundaries, and transitional corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets-with destructive impact on the have-nots.
For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As “futures”(期货)are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies.
So what are the options for regaining8 control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves-so-called “development communications” modernization9. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints10 on developing countries' economies.
Communications technology is generally exported from the U. S., Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries, It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be bought on credit-credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain.
Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise11 to exploit fir native development. this means that while local elites13, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transitional corporations may benefit, those lives depend on access to the information are denied it.
21.From the passage we know that the development of high technology is in the interests of
_______ .
A) the rich countries B) scientific development
C) the elite12 D) the world economy
22.It can be inferred from the passage that _______ .
A) international trade should be expanded.
B) the interests of the poor countries have not been given enough consideration.
C) the exports of the poor countries should be increased.
D) communications technology in the developing countries should be modernized14.
23.Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on
developing countries?
A) Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market.
B) Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries.
C) Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.
D) Because it inhibits15 the industrial growth of developing countries.
24.The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may _______ .
A) hinder their industrial production.
B) cause them to lose control of their trade.
C) force them to reduce their share of exports.
D) cost them their economic independence.
25.The author's attitude toward the communications revolution is _______ .
A) positive B) critical C) indifferent D) tolerant
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
The estimates of the numbers of home-schooled children vary widely. The U. S. Department of Education estimates there are 250, 000 to 35, 000 home-schooled children in the country. Hone-school advocates put the number much higher-at about a million.
Many public school advocates take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face for public education and a damaging move for the children. Home schoolers harbor few kind words for public schools, charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herdlike approach to teaching children.
Yet, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home-school population, and as home schoolers realize they can reap benefits from public schools, these hard lines seem to be softening16 a bit. Public schoolers have moved closer to tolerance17 and, in some cases, even cooperation.
Says John Marshall, an education official, “We are becoming relatively18 tolerant of home schoolers. ”The idea is, ‘Let's give the kids access to public school so they'll see it's not as terrible as they've been told, and they'll want to come back.
Perhaps, but don't count on it, say home-school advocates. Home schoolers, oppose the system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education-whether fueled by religious enthusiasm or the individual child's interests and natural pace-is best.
“The bulk of home schoolers just want to be left alone, ”says Enge Cannon19, associate director of the National Center For Home Education. She says home schoolers choose that path for a variety of reasons, but religion plays a role 85 percent of the time.
Professor Van Galen breaks home schoolers into two groups. Some home schoolers want their children to learn not only traditional subject matter but also “strict religious doctrine20 and a conservative political and social perspective. Not incidentally, they also want their children to learn-both intellectually and emotionally-that the family is the most important institution in society. ”
Other home schoolers contend “not so much that the schools teach heresy(异端邪说), but that schools teach whatever they teach inappropriately, ”Van Galen writes. “These parents are highly independent and strive to ‘take responsibility ’for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic21 and inefficient22. ”
26.According to the passage, home schoolers are _______.
A) those who engage private teachers to provide additional education for their children.
B) those who educate their children at home instead of sending them to school.
C) those who advocate combining public education with home schooling23.
D) those who don't go to school but are educated at home by their parents.
27.Public schools are softening their position on home schooling because _______.
A) there isn't much they can go to change the present situation.
B) they want to show their toletance for different situation.
C) home schooling provides a new variety of education for children.
D) public schools have so many problems that they cannot offer proper education for all
children.
28.Home-school advocates are of the opinion that _______ .
A) things in public schools are not so bad as has often been said.
B) their tolerance of public education will attract more kids to public schools.
C) home schooling is superior and, therefore, they will not easily give in.
D) their increased cooperation with public school will bring about the improvement of
public education.
29.Most home schoolers' opposition24 to public education stems from their ________.
A) respect for the interest of individuals.
B) worry about the inefficiency25 of public schools.
C) concern with the cost involved.
D) devotion to religion.
30.According to Van Galen some home schoolers believe that _______ .
A) public schools take up a herdlike approach to teaching children.
B) teachers in public school are not as responsible as they should be.
C) public schools cannot provide an education that is good enough for their children.
D) public schools are the source of bureaucracy and inefficiency in modern society.
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forbid the practice of making ads louder than the programming. In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowed for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information why do commercials sound so loud?
The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its speak level. Advertisers are skilful26 at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor to the perceived loudness of commercials is that mush less variation in sound level occurs during a commercial. In regular programming the intensity27 of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels.
Other “tricks of the trade” are also used. Because low-frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds, advertisers filter out any noises that may drown out the primary message. In addition, the human voice has more auditory (听觉的) impact in the middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script so that lots of consonants28 (辅音) are used, because people are more aware of consonants than vowel29 (元音) sounds. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of the programming within which the commercial is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewer a attention. For example, notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.
The attention-getting property of commercials can be seen by observing one-to two-year-old children who happen to be playing around a television set. They may totally ignore the programming. However, when a commercial comes on, their attention is immediately drawn30 to it because of its dramatic sound quality.
31.According to the passage, the maximum intensity of sound coming from commercials _______.
A) does not exceed that of programs.
B) is greater than that of programs.
C) varies over a large range than that of programs.
D) is less than that of programs.
32.commercials create the sensation of loudness because _______ .
A) TV stations always operate at the highest sound levels.
B) their sound levels are kept around peak levels.
C) their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency ranges.
D) unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range.
33.Many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some kind because ________ .
A) pop songs attract viewer attention.
B) it can increase their loudness.
C) advertisers want to make them sound different from regular programs.
D) advertisers want to merge31 music with commercials.
34.One of the reasons why commercials are able to attract viewer attention is that ________ .
A) the human voices in commercials have more auditory impact.
B) people like cheerful songs that change dramatically in sound quality.
C) high-frequency sounds are used to mask sounds that drown out the primary message.
D) they possess sound qualities that make the viewer feel that something unusual is
happening.
35.In the passage, the author is trying to tell us ________ .
A) how TV ads vary vocal32 sounds to attract attention.
B) how the loudness of TV ads is overcome.
C) how advertisers control the sound properties of TV ads.
D) how the attention-getting properties of sounds are made use of in TV ads.
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
In the United States, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species' living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990's, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United States were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade33 Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted34 owl(猫头鹰), whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters-and the owls-was still undecided in mid-1992.
Similar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be impoverished35 (使穷困), with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.
Many of the changes to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the planet of its biological richness. The destruction of Earth's ozone36 layer (臭氧层), for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment37 by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting will come only through coordinated38 international efforts to control human population, stabilize39 the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earth's complex web life.
36.Why does the author say that the protection of endangered species is a highly controversial
issue?
A) Because people can't agree as to what species to protect.
B) Because it is difficult to find an effective way to protect such species.
C) Because it affects the interests of certain groups of people.
D) Because it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures.
37.According to the passage, the preservation40 of rain forests ________ .
A) may hamper41 a developing country in its fight against poverty.
B) benefits developed countries rather than developing countries.
C) should take priority over the control of human population.
D) will help improve the living conditions in developing countries.
38.According to the passage, cutting tress to grow more food _______.
A) will widen the gap between the developed and the developing countries.
B) is but a short-term relief to the food problem.
C) can hardly alleviate42 the shortage of food.
D) proves to be an effective way out for impoverished nations.
39.Among“humanity's current problems” (Line 6, Para. 3), the chief concern of the scientists
is _______ .
A) the impoverishment of developing countries.
B) the explosion of the human population.
C) the reduction of biological diversity.
D) the effect of global warming.
40.The author's purpose in writing this passage is ________ .
A) to describe the difficulties in solving humanity's current problems.
B) to present the different views on humanity's current problems.
C) to analyze43 the contradiction between countries in dealing44 with humanity's current
problems.
D) to point out that humanity's current problems can only be solved through the cooperation
of nations.
Part ⅢVocabulary（20 minutes）
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A），B) ，C) and D）. Chose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the centre.
41.The directions were so _______ that it was impossible to complete the assignment.
A) ingenious B) ambitious C) notorious D) ambiguous
42.Because a degree form a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of
the most ________ areas in Japanese life.
A) sophisticated B) competitive C) considerate D) superficial
43.If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the
way of _______ .
A) persuasion45 B) remedy C) encouragement D) compromise
44.Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her ________ for a whole week.
A) constrained46 B) dominated C) restricted D) occupied
45.If we _______ our relations with that country, we'll have to find another supplier of raw
materials.
A) diffuse47 B) diminish C) terminate D) preclude48
46.Movie directors use music to _______ the action on the screen.
A) contaminate B) compliment C) contemplate49 D) complement50
47.A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the ________
sight on TV.
A) panic B) patriotic51 C) pathetic D) periodic
48.Many tourists were _______ by the city's complicated traffic system.
A) degraded B) bewildered C) evoked52 D) diverted
49.Over the last fifteen years, running has become a popular ________ for 30 million
participants of all ages.
A) fantasy B) pastime C) symposium53 D) penalty
50.Some people think that a ________ translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than
a free translation.
A) litetal B) literary C) liberal D) linear
51.Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really _______ of the reality that they
represent.
A) reflections B) demonstrations54 C) illuminations D) reproductions
52.It is through learning that the individual _______ many habitual55 ways of reacting to
situations.
A) retains B) gains C) achieves D) acquires
53.Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they ________ to violencein order to
escape.
A) proceed B) appeal C) resort D) incline
54.Mary once _______ with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.
A) merged56 B) collaborated57 C) coincided D) constituted
55.During their fist teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the
_______of lessons.
A) observation B) investigation58 C) inspection59 D) examination
56.He attends to the _______ of important business himself.
A) transaction B) transition C) tranwmission D) transformation60
57.Out of _______ revenge, he did his worst to blacken her character and ruin her reputation.
A) perfect B) total C) sheer D) integral
58.A most ______ argument about who should go and fetch the bread from the kitchen was going
on when I came in.
A) trivial B) delicate C) minor61 D) miniature
59.The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful ballons _______ slowly into the
sky.
A) floating B) raising C) heaving D) ascending62
60.Do you have any ______ about what living beings on other planets would be like?
A) ideal B) comprehension C) notion D) intelligence
61.We rarely perceive more than a minute _______ of the sights and sounds that fall upon our
sense organs; the great majority pass us by.
A) fiction B) function C) fraction D) friction63
62.For many patients, institutional care is the most _______ and beneficial form of care.
A) persistent64 B) appropriate C) thoughtful D) sufficient
63.It's pleasure for him to ______ his energy and even his life to research work.
A) dedicate B) dictate65 C) decorate D) direct
64.They are well _______ with each other since they once studied in the same university.
A) identified B) recognized C) acknowledged D) acquainted
65.There is a _______ difference in meaning between the words surroundings and environment.
A) gentle B) subtle C) feeble D) humble66
66.All the finished products are stored in a ________ of the delivery port and shipping67 is
available at any time.
A) garage B) cabinet C) capsule D) warehouse68
67.when he tried to make a ________ , he found that the hotel was completely filled because of
a convention.
A) reservation B) claim C) mess D) revision
68.Parents take a great interest in the _______ questions braised by their children.
A) nasty B) naive69 C) obscure D) offensive
69.Although it was his first experience as chairman, be ________ over the meeting with great
skill.
A) presided B) administered C) mastered D) executed
70.both partise promised to ______ the contract to be signed the following day
A) keep with B) tangle70 with C) adhere to D) devote to
Part ⅣShort Answer Questions（15 minutes）
Directions:In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the Passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest Possible words(not exceeding 10 words)
Most Americans spend far more of their leisure time with the mass media than in any other occupation. In addition, most of us hear, see, or read some of the media while engaged in other activities. thus an extremely large number of our waking hours are spent with the mass media. Of all the media, television is clearly dominant71, withnewspapers a close second, at least as a source of news and other information. Our exposure to all media is important, however, because all of them contribute materials for the construction of that world in our heads. For most people, increased use of one medium does not decrease use of another. Infact, in certain cases, and especially for certain purposes, the more one uses one medium, the more likely one is to use others.
There are various factors that can cause you to expose yourself to the media selectively, avoiding much of the material with which you disagree. Some of that selective exposure is probably due to the psychological pressure you feel to avoid the discomfort72 caused by confrontation73 with facts and ideas contrary to your beliefs, attitudes, or behavior. However, some selective exposure is not due to the pressure for consistency74 but to other factors, such as your age, education, and even the area in which you live and the people with whom you associate.
Quite a different sort of factor that affects your media experiences is the social context of exposure: whether you are alone or with others when you are exposed to a medium; whether you are at home, at the office, in a theater, and soon. These contexts are as much as a potential part of the message you will form as film images on the screen or words on the page. In addition, that social context aaffects-both directly and indirectly-the media and the media content to which you become exposed. New friends or colleagues get you interested in different things. Other members of the family often select media content that you would not have selected, and you become exposed to it.
There various factors have so much influence on your media exposure that so little of that exposure is planned.
Questions:(注意:答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。第条横线限写一个英语单词,标点符号不占格。)
S1.Exposure to all media is important and people sometimes tend to use more media if _______.
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
S2.Why are newspapers considered as an important medium according to passage?
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
S3.For one reason or another, people's exposure to the media is often _______.
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
S4.Apart from personal preferences, what determines one's choice of the media and media content?
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
S5.The last sentence of the passage indicates that one's exposure to the media is _______.
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
Part ⅤWriting（30 minutes）
Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers”Really Good Luck? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1、有些人认为某些数学会带来好运。
2、我认为数学和运气无关，……
Do“Lucky Numbers”Really Bring Good Luck?
Part I Listening Comprehension（20 minutes）
Section A
Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause. During the pause， you must read the four suggested answers marked A），B），C）and D）and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Example: You will hear:
You will read: A）2 hours. B）3 hours.
C）4 hours. D）5 hours.
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morning and have to finish at2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D）“5 hours” is the correct answer. Youshould choose ［D］ on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.
Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［D］
1.A) He thinks that there won't be enough sets for everybody.
B) He thinks that the speaker won't show up.
C) He thinks the seminar won't be open to the public.
D) He thinks that there might not be any more tickets available.
2.A) Their father is unable to keep his promise.
B) Their father is going on a vacation without her.
C) Their father isn't telling her the truth.
D) Their father doesn't want to travel abroad.
3.A) John didn't pass, although he had tried his best.
B) John did better than he thought he was able to.
C) John got an excellent score, which was unexpected.
D) John was disappointed at his math score.
4.A) The roof of the woman's house needs to be repaired.
B) The roof of the man's house has several bad leaks.
C) The woman's bathroom was badly damaged.
D) The man works for a roofing company.
5.A) Mr. Smith will be replaced if he makes another mistake.
B) Mr. Smith is an admirable chief of the Asian Department.
C) Mr. smith's department is more successful than all the others.
D) Mr. smith is seldom in his office.
6.A) She don't have a fax machine. B) She may quit her present job soon.
C) She is tired of her present job. D) Her phone number has changed.
7.A) Someone has taken her luggage. B) Her flight is 50 minutes late.
C) Her luggage has been delayed. D) She can't find the man she's been waiting for.
8.A) To do whatever the committee asks him to.
B) To make decisions in agreement with the committee.
C) To run the committee his way.
D) To make himself the committee chairman.
9.A) The woman found the mail box empty.
B) The man is waiting for some important mail.
C) The man has just sent out his application.
D) The woman will write a postcard to her daughter.
10.A) Read the operation manual. B) Try the buttons one by one.
C) Ask the shop assistant for advice. D) Make the machine run slowly.
Section B
Directions: In this section， you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage， you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). The mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage one
Questions 11 to l4 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11.A) They were drawing pictures. B) They were watching TV.
C) They were making a telephone call. D) They were tidying up the drawing room.
12.A) They locked the couple up in the drawing room.
B) They seriously injured the owners of the house.
C) They smashed the TV set and the telephone.
D) They took away sixteen valuable paintings.
13.A) He accused them of the theft. B) He raised the rents.
C) He refused to prolong their land lease. D) He forced them to abandon their traditions.
14.A) They wanted to protect the farmers' interests.
B) They wanted to extend the reservation area for birds.
C) They wanted to steal his valuable paintings.
D) They wanted to drive him away from the island.
Passage Two
Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
15.A) Through food B) Through air.
C) Through insects D) Through body fluids.
16.A) They ran a high fever. B) They died from excessive bleeding.
C) Their nervous system was damaged D) They suffered from heart-attack.
17.A) To see what happened to the survivors1 of the outbreak.
B) To study animals that can also get infected with the disease.
C) To find out where the virus originates.
D) To look for the plants that could cure the disease.
Passage Three
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
18.A) To determine whether the Earth's temperature is going up.
B) To study the behavior of some sea animals.
C) To measure the depths of the ocean.
D) To measure the movement of waves in the ocean.
19.A) They were frightened and distressed2.
B) They swam away when the speaker was turned on.
C) They swam closer to “examine”the speaker when it was turned off.
D) They didn't seem to be frightened and kept swimming near the speaker.
20.A) To attract more sea animals to the testing site.
B) To drive dangerous sea animals away from the testing site.
C) To help trace the sea animals being tested.
D) To determine how sea animals communicate with each other.
Part ⅡReading Comprehension（35 minutes）
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A），B) ，C) and D）. you should divide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Cyberspace3 (网络空间)， data superhighways, mullet media-for those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives for ever, Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological4 utopia(乌托邦) little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the“how, ”the question of “for whom ”is put aside once again.
Economists5 are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected6 the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical7 and industrial boundaries, and transitional corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets-with destructive impact on the have-nots.
For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As “futures”(期货)are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies.
So what are the options for regaining8 control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves-so-called “development communications” modernization9. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints10 on developing countries' economies.
Communications technology is generally exported from the U. S., Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries, It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be bought on credit-credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain.
Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise11 to exploit fir native development. this means that while local elites13, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transitional corporations may benefit, those lives depend on access to the information are denied it.
21.From the passage we know that the development of high technology is in the interests of
_______ .
A) the rich countries B) scientific development
C) the elite12 D) the world economy
22.It can be inferred from the passage that _______ .
A) international trade should be expanded.
B) the interests of the poor countries have not been given enough consideration.
C) the exports of the poor countries should be increased.
D) communications technology in the developing countries should be modernized14.
23.Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on
developing countries?
A) Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market.
B) Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries.
C) Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.
D) Because it inhibits15 the industrial growth of developing countries.
24.The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may _______ .
A) hinder their industrial production.
B) cause them to lose control of their trade.
C) force them to reduce their share of exports.
D) cost them their economic independence.
25.The author's attitude toward the communications revolution is _______ .
A) positive B) critical C) indifferent D) tolerant
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
The estimates of the numbers of home-schooled children vary widely. The U. S. Department of Education estimates there are 250, 000 to 35, 000 home-schooled children in the country. Hone-school advocates put the number much higher-at about a million.
Many public school advocates take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face for public education and a damaging move for the children. Home schoolers harbor few kind words for public schools, charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herdlike approach to teaching children.
Yet, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home-school population, and as home schoolers realize they can reap benefits from public schools, these hard lines seem to be softening16 a bit. Public schoolers have moved closer to tolerance17 and, in some cases, even cooperation.
Says John Marshall, an education official, “We are becoming relatively18 tolerant of home schoolers. ”The idea is, ‘Let's give the kids access to public school so they'll see it's not as terrible as they've been told, and they'll want to come back.
Perhaps, but don't count on it, say home-school advocates. Home schoolers, oppose the system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education-whether fueled by religious enthusiasm or the individual child's interests and natural pace-is best.
“The bulk of home schoolers just want to be left alone, ”says Enge Cannon19, associate director of the National Center For Home Education. She says home schoolers choose that path for a variety of reasons, but religion plays a role 85 percent of the time.
Professor Van Galen breaks home schoolers into two groups. Some home schoolers want their children to learn not only traditional subject matter but also “strict religious doctrine20 and a conservative political and social perspective. Not incidentally, they also want their children to learn-both intellectually and emotionally-that the family is the most important institution in society. ”
Other home schoolers contend “not so much that the schools teach heresy(异端邪说), but that schools teach whatever they teach inappropriately, ”Van Galen writes. “These parents are highly independent and strive to ‘take responsibility ’for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic21 and inefficient22. ”
26.According to the passage, home schoolers are _______.
A) those who engage private teachers to provide additional education for their children.
B) those who educate their children at home instead of sending them to school.
C) those who advocate combining public education with home schooling23.
D) those who don't go to school but are educated at home by their parents.
27.Public schools are softening their position on home schooling because _______.
A) there isn't much they can go to change the present situation.
B) they want to show their toletance for different situation.
C) home schooling provides a new variety of education for children.
D) public schools have so many problems that they cannot offer proper education for all
children.
28.Home-school advocates are of the opinion that _______ .
A) things in public schools are not so bad as has often been said.
B) their tolerance of public education will attract more kids to public schools.
C) home schooling is superior and, therefore, they will not easily give in.
D) their increased cooperation with public school will bring about the improvement of
public education.
29.Most home schoolers' opposition24 to public education stems from their ________.
A) respect for the interest of individuals.
B) worry about the inefficiency25 of public schools.
C) concern with the cost involved.
D) devotion to religion.
30.According to Van Galen some home schoolers believe that _______ .
A) public schools take up a herdlike approach to teaching children.
B) teachers in public school are not as responsible as they should be.
C) public schools cannot provide an education that is good enough for their children.
D) public schools are the source of bureaucracy and inefficiency in modern society.
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forbid the practice of making ads louder than the programming. In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowed for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information why do commercials sound so loud?
The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its speak level. Advertisers are skilful26 at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor to the perceived loudness of commercials is that mush less variation in sound level occurs during a commercial. In regular programming the intensity27 of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels.
Other “tricks of the trade” are also used. Because low-frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds, advertisers filter out any noises that may drown out the primary message. In addition, the human voice has more auditory (听觉的) impact in the middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script so that lots of consonants28 (辅音) are used, because people are more aware of consonants than vowel29 (元音) sounds. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of the programming within which the commercial is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewer a attention. For example, notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.
The attention-getting property of commercials can be seen by observing one-to two-year-old children who happen to be playing around a television set. They may totally ignore the programming. However, when a commercial comes on, their attention is immediately drawn30 to it because of its dramatic sound quality.
31.According to the passage, the maximum intensity of sound coming from commercials _______.
A) does not exceed that of programs.
B) is greater than that of programs.
C) varies over a large range than that of programs.
D) is less than that of programs.
32.commercials create the sensation of loudness because _______ .
A) TV stations always operate at the highest sound levels.
B) their sound levels are kept around peak levels.
C) their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency ranges.
D) unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range.
33.Many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some kind because ________ .
A) pop songs attract viewer attention.
B) it can increase their loudness.
C) advertisers want to make them sound different from regular programs.
D) advertisers want to merge31 music with commercials.
34.One of the reasons why commercials are able to attract viewer attention is that ________ .
A) the human voices in commercials have more auditory impact.
B) people like cheerful songs that change dramatically in sound quality.
C) high-frequency sounds are used to mask sounds that drown out the primary message.
D) they possess sound qualities that make the viewer feel that something unusual is
happening.
35.In the passage, the author is trying to tell us ________ .
A) how TV ads vary vocal32 sounds to attract attention.
B) how the loudness of TV ads is overcome.
C) how advertisers control the sound properties of TV ads.
D) how the attention-getting properties of sounds are made use of in TV ads.
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
In the United States, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species' living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990's, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United States were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade33 Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted34 owl(猫头鹰), whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters-and the owls-was still undecided in mid-1992.
Similar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be impoverished35 (使穷困), with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.
Many of the changes to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the planet of its biological richness. The destruction of Earth's ozone36 layer (臭氧层), for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment37 by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting will come only through coordinated38 international efforts to control human population, stabilize39 the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earth's complex web life.
36.Why does the author say that the protection of endangered species is a highly controversial
issue?
A) Because people can't agree as to what species to protect.
B) Because it is difficult to find an effective way to protect such species.
C) Because it affects the interests of certain groups of people.
D) Because it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures.
37.According to the passage, the preservation40 of rain forests ________ .
A) may hamper41 a developing country in its fight against poverty.
B) benefits developed countries rather than developing countries.
C) should take priority over the control of human population.
D) will help improve the living conditions in developing countries.
38.According to the passage, cutting tress to grow more food _______.
A) will widen the gap between the developed and the developing countries.
B) is but a short-term relief to the food problem.
C) can hardly alleviate42 the shortage of food.
D) proves to be an effective way out for impoverished nations.
39.Among“humanity's current problems” (Line 6, Para. 3), the chief concern of the scientists
is _______ .
A) the impoverishment of developing countries.
B) the explosion of the human population.
C) the reduction of biological diversity.
D) the effect of global warming.
40.The author's purpose in writing this passage is ________ .
A) to describe the difficulties in solving humanity's current problems.
B) to present the different views on humanity's current problems.
C) to analyze43 the contradiction between countries in dealing44 with humanity's current
problems.
D) to point out that humanity's current problems can only be solved through the cooperation
of nations.
Part ⅢVocabulary（20 minutes）
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A），B) ，C) and D）. Chose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the centre.
41.The directions were so _______ that it was impossible to complete the assignment.
A) ingenious B) ambitious C) notorious D) ambiguous
42.Because a degree form a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of
the most ________ areas in Japanese life.
A) sophisticated B) competitive C) considerate D) superficial
43.If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the
way of _______ .
A) persuasion45 B) remedy C) encouragement D) compromise
44.Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her ________ for a whole week.
A) constrained46 B) dominated C) restricted D) occupied
45.If we _______ our relations with that country, we'll have to find another supplier of raw
materials.
A) diffuse47 B) diminish C) terminate D) preclude48
46.Movie directors use music to _______ the action on the screen.
A) contaminate B) compliment C) contemplate49 D) complement50
47.A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the ________
sight on TV.
A) panic B) patriotic51 C) pathetic D) periodic
48.Many tourists were _______ by the city's complicated traffic system.
A) degraded B) bewildered C) evoked52 D) diverted
49.Over the last fifteen years, running has become a popular ________ for 30 million
participants of all ages.
A) fantasy B) pastime C) symposium53 D) penalty
50.Some people think that a ________ translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than
a free translation.
A) litetal B) literary C) liberal D) linear
51.Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really _______ of the reality that they
represent.
A) reflections B) demonstrations54 C) illuminations D) reproductions
52.It is through learning that the individual _______ many habitual55 ways of reacting to
situations.
A) retains B) gains C) achieves D) acquires
53.Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they ________ to violencein order to
escape.
A) proceed B) appeal C) resort D) incline
54.Mary once _______ with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.
A) merged56 B) collaborated57 C) coincided D) constituted
55.During their fist teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the
_______of lessons.
A) observation B) investigation58 C) inspection59 D) examination
56.He attends to the _______ of important business himself.
A) transaction B) transition C) tranwmission D) transformation60
57.Out of _______ revenge, he did his worst to blacken her character and ruin her reputation.
A) perfect B) total C) sheer D) integral
58.A most ______ argument about who should go and fetch the bread from the kitchen was going
on when I came in.
A) trivial B) delicate C) minor61 D) miniature
59.The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful ballons _______ slowly into the
sky.
A) floating B) raising C) heaving D) ascending62
60.Do you have any ______ about what living beings on other planets would be like?
A) ideal B) comprehension C) notion D) intelligence
61.We rarely perceive more than a minute _______ of the sights and sounds that fall upon our
sense organs; the great majority pass us by.
A) fiction B) function C) fraction D) friction63
62.For many patients, institutional care is the most _______ and beneficial form of care.
A) persistent64 B) appropriate C) thoughtful D) sufficient
63.It's pleasure for him to ______ his energy and even his life to research work.
A) dedicate B) dictate65 C) decorate D) direct
64.They are well _______ with each other since they once studied in the same university.
A) identified B) recognized C) acknowledged D) acquainted
65.There is a _______ difference in meaning between the words surroundings and environment.
A) gentle B) subtle C) feeble D) humble66
66.All the finished products are stored in a ________ of the delivery port and shipping67 is
available at any time.
A) garage B) cabinet C) capsule D) warehouse68
67.when he tried to make a ________ , he found that the hotel was completely filled because of
a convention.
A) reservation B) claim C) mess D) revision
68.Parents take a great interest in the _______ questions braised by their children.
A) nasty B) naive69 C) obscure D) offensive
69.Although it was his first experience as chairman, be ________ over the meeting with great
skill.
A) presided B) administered C) mastered D) executed
70.both partise promised to ______ the contract to be signed the following day
A) keep with B) tangle70 with C) adhere to D) devote to
Part ⅣShort Answer Questions（15 minutes）
Directions:In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the Passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest Possible words(not exceeding 10 words)
Most Americans spend far more of their leisure time with the mass media than in any other occupation. In addition, most of us hear, see, or read some of the media while engaged in other activities. thus an extremely large number of our waking hours are spent with the mass media. Of all the media, television is clearly dominant71, withnewspapers a close second, at least as a source of news and other information. Our exposure to all media is important, however, because all of them contribute materials for the construction of that world in our heads. For most people, increased use of one medium does not decrease use of another. Infact, in certain cases, and especially for certain purposes, the more one uses one medium, the more likely one is to use others.
There are various factors that can cause you to expose yourself to the media selectively, avoiding much of the material with which you disagree. Some of that selective exposure is probably due to the psychological pressure you feel to avoid the discomfort72 caused by confrontation73 with facts and ideas contrary to your beliefs, attitudes, or behavior. However, some selective exposure is not due to the pressure for consistency74 but to other factors, such as your age, education, and even the area in which you live and the people with whom you associate.
Quite a different sort of factor that affects your media experiences is the social context of exposure: whether you are alone or with others when you are exposed to a medium; whether you are at home, at the office, in a theater, and soon. These contexts are as much as a potential part of the message you will form as film images on the screen or words on the page. In addition, that social context aaffects-both directly and indirectly-the media and the media content to which you become exposed. New friends or colleagues get you interested in different things. Other members of the family often select media content that you would not have selected, and you become exposed to it.
There various factors have so much influence on your media exposure that so little of that exposure is planned.
Questions:(注意:答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。第条横线限写一个英语单词,标点符号不占格。)
S1.Exposure to all media is important and people sometimes tend to use more media if _______.
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
S2.Why are newspapers considered as an important medium according to passage?
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
S3.For one reason or another, people's exposure to the media is often _______.
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
S4.Apart from personal preferences, what determines one's choice of the media and media content?
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
S5.The last sentence of the passage indicates that one's exposure to the media is _______.
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
__________ ___________ ___________ ____________ __________
Part ⅤWriting（30 minutes）
Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers”Really Good Luck? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1、有些人认为某些数学会带来好运。
2、我认为数学和运气无关，……
Do“Lucky Numbers”Really Bring Good Luck?
点击
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1
survivors
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| 幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 ) | |
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distressed
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| 痛苦的 | |
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cyberspace
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| n.虚拟信息空间，网络空间，计算机化世界 | |
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technological
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| adj.技术的；工艺的 | |
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economists
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| n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 ) | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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geographical
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| adj.地理的；地区(性)的 | |
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regaining
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| 复得( regain的现在分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地 | |
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modernization
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| n.现代化，现代化的事物 | |
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constraints
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| 强制( constraint的名词复数 )； 限制； 约束 | |
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expertise
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| n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长 | |
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elite
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| n.精英阶层；实力集团；adj.杰出的，卓越的 | |
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elites
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| 精华( elite的名词复数 )； 精锐； 上层集团； （统称）掌权人物 | |
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modernized
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| 使现代化，使适应现代需要( modernize的过去式和过去分词 )； 现代化，使用现代方法 | |
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inhibits
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| 阻止，抑制( inhibit的第三人称单数 )； 使拘束，使尴尬 | |
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softening
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| 变软，软化 | |
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tolerance
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| n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差 | |
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relatively
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| adv.比较...地，相对地 | |
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cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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bureaucratic
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| adj.官僚的，繁文缛节的 | |
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inefficient
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| adj.效率低的，无效的 | |
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schooling
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| n.教育；正规学校教育 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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inefficiency
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| n.无效率，无能；无效率事例 | |
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skilful
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| (=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的 | |
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intensity
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| n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度 | |
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consonants
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| n.辅音，子音( consonant的名词复数 )；辅音字母 | |
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vowel
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| n.元音；元音字母 | |
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30
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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merge
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| v.(使)结合，(使)合并，(使)合为一体 | |
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vocal
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| adj.直言不讳的；嗓音的；n.[pl.]声乐节目 | |
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cascade
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| n.小瀑布，喷流；层叠；vi.成瀑布落下 | |
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spotted
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| adj.有斑点的，斑纹的，弄污了的 | |
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impoverished
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| adj.穷困的，无力的，用尽了的v.使（某人）贫穷( impoverish的过去式和过去分词 )；使（某物）贫瘠或恶化 | |
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ozone
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| n.臭氧，新鲜空气 | |
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impoverishment
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| n.贫穷，穷困；贫化 | |
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coordinated
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| adj.协调的 | |
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stabilize
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| vt.（使）稳定，使稳固，使稳定平衡；vi.稳定 | |
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preservation
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| n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持 | |
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hamper
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| vt.妨碍，束缚，限制；n.(有盖的)大篮子 | |
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alleviate
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| v.减轻，缓和，缓解(痛苦等) | |
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analyze
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| vt.分析，解析 (=analyse) | |
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dealing
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| n.经商方法，待人态度 | |
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persuasion
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| n.劝说；说服；持有某种信仰的宗派 | |
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constrained
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| adj.束缚的,节制的 | |
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diffuse
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| v.扩散；传播；adj.冗长的；四散的，弥漫的 | |
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preclude
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| vt.阻止，排除，防止；妨碍 | |
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contemplate
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| vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视 | |
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complement
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| n.补足物，船上的定员；补语；vt.补充，补足 | |
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patriotic
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| adj.爱国的，有爱国心的 | |
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evoked
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| [医]诱发的 | |
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symposium
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| n.讨论会，专题报告会；专题论文集 | |
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demonstrations
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| 证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威 | |
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habitual
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| adj.习惯性的；通常的，惯常的 | |
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merged
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| （使）混合( merge的过去式和过去分词 )； 相融； 融入； 渐渐消失在某物中 | |
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collaborated
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| 合作( collaborate的过去式和过去分词 )； 勾结叛国 | |
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investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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inspection
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| n.检查，审查，检阅 | |
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transformation
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| n.变化；改造；转变 | |
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minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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ascending
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| adj.上升的，向上的 | |
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friction
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| n.摩擦，摩擦力 | |
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persistent
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| adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的 | |
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dictate
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| v.口授；(使)听写；指令，指示，命令 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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shipping
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| n.船运（发货，运输，乘船） | |
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warehouse
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| n.仓库；vt.存入仓库 | |
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naive
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| adj.幼稚的，轻信的；天真的 | |
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tangle
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| n.纠缠；缠结；混乱；v.(使)缠绕；变乱 | |
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dominant
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| adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因 | |
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discomfort
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| n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便 | |
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confrontation
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| n.对抗，对峙，冲突 | |
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consistency
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| n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度 | |
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