英语复合句的用法及解题技巧

在高考英语试题中，复合句占有较大的比例，复习时应该注意：

１．倡发散思维，忌单向思维，考各种从属句，常常是不同类型的连接词语正误连缀而至，如果不抓住这一点，不从多方面思考选择，就容易以偏概全， 误入歧途。

２．弄清主从复合句中的每一个从属连接词的意思、用法、主句与从句在时态上的呼应、语气、是否需要倒装、固定搭配及逻辑常识等。

３．熟记句型及特殊表达形式。

４．注意各分句之间的特点及区别。

５．注意有些连接词的省略情况及省略后某些语序发生的变化。

总之在做习题时，不能生搬硬套，一成不变，要全方位的思考，摸清出题者的意图，灵活机动，随着不同的语言环境而变化。

一、状语从句：

状语从句又可分为时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、行为方式、条件、让步及比较等几种形式。

１．I'll go with you as¹ soon as I ____my work.

A.will finish B.shall² finish C.finish D.finished³

选Ｃ．在时间、条件状语从句中，主句可能是祈使句、一般将来时或带情态动词，从句用一般现在时。如 果主句是过去将来时，从句可以用一般过去时。能够引导时间状语从句、条件状语从句的从属连接词，常见的 有：when,until （ti y,directly,unless⁴,as long as,suppose等。如：

（１）Unless he comes,we won⁶'t be able⁷ to go.

（２）Suppose⁵ it goes on raining,what shall we do?

（３）Lu Xun often said,"As long as I am alive,I shall go on studying."

２．No sooner_____the news⁹ than they rushed¹⁰ out into the street. A.they heard B.they had¹¹ heard C.did¹² they hear D.had they heard 选Ｄ．no sooner…than,hardly… when,scarcely… before表示"—… 就"，主句一般用过去完成时（h ad+V-ed），从句用一般过去时，如果hardly,no sooner, scarcely放句首，主谓倒装。

３．Although¹³ he is considered¹⁴ a great writer,____(MET'91) A.his works¹⁵ are not widely read B.but his works are not widelyread C.however¹⁶ his works are not widely read D.still his works arenot widely read 选Ａ．这是一个让步状语从句，主句与从句之间有一个从属连词 although(though)，不能再加but,howeve r,still等，但可以和yet连用。

４．No matter how hard he worked,____（８４年） A.he could¹⁸ not do any better B.and he could not do any better C.so he could do any bettes D.but he could not do any better 选Ａ．由no matter引导的让步状语从句，其主句也不能再用but,and,so 等并列连接词。

５．____he might,he failed,A.Try as B.As try C.Tried as D.As tried 选Ａ．为了强调让步的意义，表示出非常强烈的对照，用as或though引导的让步状语从句，从句的语序要作部分调整，即把句子受强调的表语、状语或动词原形置于从句的句首。如果表语是单数可数名词，移置句首时，名词前不用冠词。如：

（１）Much as I like it,I will not buy it.（２）Child as she is,she knows a lot of English.

６．Did the two boys look so much alike____no one could tell thema part¹⁹?

A.and B.that C.as D.so that

选Ｂ．目的状语从句的表达："主＋谓＋that(so that,in order²⁰ that)＋ 主＋may(might,can,could,sho uldn't等)＋谓"。

７．____Mr Smith is well again,he can travel²¹. A.Now that B.But that C.And that D.Since²² that

选Ａ．now that相当于since。表示原因状语从句的连接词常见的有 because,as,since,now that,seeing that,considering that等。

８．It was____a hundred people looked lost in it. A.so large a room that B.so large a room C.such²⁴ large a room thatD.a such large room

选Ａ．引导结果状语从句：

so＋adj(adv)＋that从句so＋adj＋a(an)＋n＋that从句such＋a(an)＋ adj＋n＋that从句 表示"这样……（一个）……以至于……"。

９．The harder he worked,____he felt. A.happier B.the happier C.the happy D.the happiest 选Ｂ．the＋比较级＋主＋谓，the＋比较级＋主＋谓，意思是"越…… 越……"。

二、定语从句

定语从句是在复合句中使其修饰的某一名词或代词代表一个（些）或一类特 定的人或东西。在做定语从句 的练习时，首先应该找出先行词，然后再确定选择关系代词或关系副词。能够引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词有 who,whom²⁵,whose,that,which,when,why,where。

１．She heard a terrible²⁶ noise,____brought her heart²⁷ into ber mouth.(M

A.it B.which C.this D.that

选Ｂ．在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词用which不能用that。

２．He paid²⁸ the boy $ 10 for washing²⁹ ten wiondows,most of____hadn't cleaned for at least³⁰ a y ear.(MET'90)

A.these B.those C.that D.which

选Ｄ．如果选Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ，整个句子不符合语法要求，因为有一个"逗号"， 不是并列句，因此只能是一 个非限定性定语从句，在非限定性定语从句中关系代词一般用which。

３．His parents wouldn't marry³¹ anyone____family was²³ poor.(MET'88)

A.of whom B.whom c.of whose D.whose

选Ｄ．因为whose作family的定语。

４．Finally³³ the thief³⁴ handed in everything____he had stolen³⁵ to thepolice.(MET'87)

A.after B.what C.whatever³⁶ D.that

选Ｄ．因为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ不能引导定语从句。先行词everything，关系代词 that在从句中作宾语。当先行词 是不定代词all,anything,nothing,everything,something等，关系代词只能由that引导。

５．All____is needed is a supply³⁷ of oil³⁸.(MET'89)

A.the thing B.that C.what C.which

选Ｂ．All作先行词，关系代词由that引导。

６．In fact³⁹ the Swede did not understand the three questions____were asked in French⁴⁰.（８５年 ）

A.where B.who C.in which D.which

选Ｄ．question是先行词，在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。

７．The man____talked to you just now is an engineer⁴¹.（８０年） A.who B.where C.which D.what

选Ａ．先行词是man。在从句中作主语，所以选who。

８．The word"write"has the same pronunciation____the work"right". （８４年）

A.of B.as C.to D.from

选Ｂ．先行词中含有such,the same时，或先行词被such,the same修饰时，关系代词用as引导。

９．Watch the girl and her dog____are crossing the bridge⁴². A.which B.who C.they D.that

选Ｄ．当先行词含有"人"和"物"时，关系代词用that。

１０．This dictionary,a few⁴³ pages____are missing,is of no use.

A.among⁴⁴ which B.of which C.which D.in which

选Ｂ．dictionary是先行词，which是关系代词，a few pages of which(diciotnary)。

１１．You may take____book you like.

A.which B.only c.whichever⁴⁵ D.what

选Ｃ．复合关系代词本身兼有先行词。whichever=anything that,whatever=anything that,whoever⁴⁶=any one who,whomever=anyone³² whom,whosever=anyone whose。

１２．This is the best dictionary____I've ever¹⁷ bought.

A.with which B.that C.which D.when

选Ｂ．先行词是dictionary，因为先行词前有最高级、序数词、only,very,any等修饰时，关系代词用tha t。

１３．I still remember the day____I first came⁴⁷ to Beijing.

A.which B.that C.when D.where

选Ｃ．先行词the day，在定语从句中作状语，所以选when。当先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，关系词选 用when或where,that或which，主要取决于在定语从句中所作成份，如果作宾语，用that或which，作状语用wh en或where。 如：

（１）I still remember the days that/which we spent in the countryside⁴⁸.

先行词是the days,spent是及物动词，that/which作spent的宾语。

（２）This is the place where I lived three years ago.

先行词是place,lived是不及物动词，where在从句中作状语。

（３）This is the place that/which we visited three years ago.

先行词是place,visited是及物动词，that/which在从句中作宾语。

１４．____,Charles Dickens was an English writetr.

A.It's knownn to all B.It's known⁴⁹ that C.We all know D.As isknown to all

选Ｄ．as引出非限定性定语从句，表示"正如……那样”。类似的还有：asyou know,as you see,as can be known,as has been pointed⁵⁰ out,as is known to all等。

１５．I don't like the way____you laughed

at her.

A.which B.in that C.where D.that

选Ｄ．先行词是the way，表示方式，可用that（可省）或in which来引导一个定语从句。如果先行词是时 间或原因，也可用that（可省）或when或 why来引导定语从句。如：

（１）This was the reason⁵¹ that/why he was late yesterday.

（２）This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.

三、名词性从句：

在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语与同位语的句子分别叫做主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句， 这些统称为名词性从句。

１．Can you make sure____the gold ring?(MET'90)

A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put C.where Alice has putD.where has Alice put

选Ｃ．在宾语从句中，须用陈述句自然语序（即疑问词＋主语＋谓语）。主句是现在时，从句也亦用相应的一类时态，现在完成时。

２．These photographs⁵² will show you____(MET'89)

A.what does out village look like B.what our village looks likeC.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like

选Ｂ．"show"后面接一个宾语从句，Ａ，Ｃ语序不合，Ｄ答案中的how是副词，不能作like的宾语。

３．They want to know____do to help us.(MET'88)

A.what can they B.what they can C.how they can D.how can they

选Ｂ．know后面接一个宾语从句，Ａ，Ｄ语序不合，Ｃ答案中的how是副词，不能作do的宾语。

４．They have no idea at all____.(MET'87)

A.where he has gone B.where did he go C.which place has he goneD.where has he gone

选Ａ．根据宾语从句语序。

５．Can you tell me____?（８５年）

A.Who is that gentleman⁵³ B.that gentleman is who C.who that gentleman is D.whom is that ge ntleman

选Ｃ．在宾语从句中that gentleman作主语，who作表语。

６．The old gentleman never fails⁵⁴ to help____is in need of help. A.whom B.who Cwhoever D.whomever

选Ｃ．whoever=anyone who。如：

（１）You may do whatever(anything that) you like.

（２）Return⁵⁵ the book to whosever(anyone whose)name is on it.

（３）You had better see the men for yourself⁵⁶ and choose whichever(any one of them that) you like.

７．____comes back first is supposed⁵⁷ to win the prize⁵⁸.

A.Those who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.The one who

选Ｃ．Whoever=anyone who。Ａ主谓不一致，Ｂ句子结构不正确，Ｄ无让步意味。

８．The news____we had won in the match excited⁵⁹ us all.

A.that B.where C.which D.X⁸

选Ａ．We had won in the match就是the news 的具体内容，同位语从句中的连词that，尽管不作任何成 份，但不能省去。