94-98研究生入学考试(英语完形部分)

时间:2008-12-30 06:46:16

(单词翻译:单击)

1994年全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试卷

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)

The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is   of     the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of   likely    breakdown1 in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words     prevents    a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may     stir up     unfavorable reactions in the listener     which   interfere2 with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.

  Moreover    inaccurate3 or indefinite words may make    it    difficult for the listener to understand the   message   which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be   unable    to explain or describe in a    way   that can be understood by his listeners.

41.  A] of                         B] at                              C] for                             D] on

42.  A] inaccessible     B] timely                       C] likely                        D]invalid

43.  A] encourages      B] prevents                   C] destroy                   D] offers

44.  A] pass out            B] take away                C] back up                   D] stir up

45.  A] who                    B] as                              C] which                       D] what

46.  A] Moreover           B] However                   C] Preliminarily           D] Unexpectedly

47.  A] that                     B] it                                 C] so                              D] this

48.  A] speech              B] sense                       C] message                  D] meaning

49.  A] obscure             B] difficult                      C] impossible               D] unable

50.  A] case                   B] means                      C] method                      D] way


译文:

就语言而言,可以讨论的首要的和最小的单位是词。说话时,选词是最重要的。适应的选词可以消除交际过程中可能出现的障碍。用词粗心大意往往阻碍说话人和听话人的思想交流。说话人使用的词汇可能引起听话人的不利反应,从而干扰其理解。因此,这发送##接受系统就会中断。

此外,词义不准确或不明确的词使听话人难于听懂传递给他的信息。说话人的常用词汇中如没有详细而精确词的话,就不可能用听话人能理解的方式进行解释或描述。

1995年全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试卷

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)

Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. Neither kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such as those  described  for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations  for the purpose  of non-REM sleep.

For example, it has long been known that total sleep  deprivation4 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animals die. The rats  develop  bacterial5 infections of the blood, as if immune systems —the self-protecting mechanism6 against diseases —had crashed.

41.  A] Either  B]Neither C] Each   D] Any

42.  A] intended   B] required C] assumed D] inferred

43.  A]subtle  B] obvious C] mysterious  D] doubtful

44.  A] maintained B] described C] settled D] afforded

45.  A] in the light B] by virtue C] with the exception D] for the purpose

46.  A] reduction B] destruction C] deprivation D] restriction7

47.  A] upon  B] by  C] through D] with

48.  A] paid attention to B] caught sight of C] laid emphasis on D] cast light on

49. A] develop B] produce C] stimulate D] induce

50.  A] if  B]as if C] only if D] if only


译文:

睡眠通常被分为所谓的“快动眼”睡眠阶段(REM=rapid eye movement)和较多长的非快睡眠。前者特点为眼球快速转动并做梦。我们对两种形式的睡眠了解都不多,但是人们假设REM睡眠对大脑起羊某种康复功能。非快动眼睡眠起的作用更神秘。最近睡眠研究协会在明尼阿波利斯举行的会议上,专家们首次描述的一些新实验,对眼球非快速移动睡眠的作用的阐释令人着迷。

比如,人们早已了解到,完全剥夺其睡眠对老鼠具有100%的致命性,然而,在检查老鼠死尸时,这些动物看上去完全正常。一研究人员已阐明这些动物死亡原因的奥秘。老鼠患血液细菌感染,似乎他们的免疫系统——抵御疾病的自我保护机制——已崩溃。

1996年全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试卷

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)

Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.

They do not provide energy,  nor  do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for  transforming foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if  any  is missing a deficiency disease becomes  apparent .

Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements — usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and     sometimes  nitrogen. They are different  in that  their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.

Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional8 use for  excess vitamins. Many people, nevertheless, believe in being on the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body’s vitamin needs.

41.  A] either   B] so C]nor D] never

42.  A] shifting B] transferring C] altering D] transforming

43.  A] any  B] some C] anything D] something

44.  A] serious  B] apparent C] severe D] fatal

45.  A] mostly  B] partially  C] sometimes D] rarely

46.  A] in that B]so that C] such that D] except that

47.  A]undertakes B] holds  C] plays  D] performs

48.  A] Supply B]Getting C] Providing D] Furnishing

49.  A]exceptional  B]exceeding C] excess D] external

50.  A] nevertheless B] therefore  C] moreover D] meanwhile


译文:

维生素是有机化合物,饮食中必须含有少量维生素以维持动物(包括人)的生存和生长。

它们不提供能量,也不构成身体的任何一部分,它们的任务是把食物转变成能量和维持身体健康。至少有13种维生素,若缺其中一种,缺乏症疾病便明显可见。

各种维生素都很相似,因为它们由同样的元素构成,一般是碳、氢、氧,有时还有氮。它们的不同之处在于每种维生素内部的元素排列不同,并且每种维生素在人体内都有一种或多种特殊作用。

虽然维生素对人体并无什么营养上的用处,但吸收足够的维生素是必要的。尽管如此,有些人出于保险的想法,还是摄入过量的维生素。不过,均衡的饮食一般能够完全满足身体对维生素的需求。

1997年全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试卷

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)

Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people swarm9 into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day’s work for a day’s pay. One day at a time, As industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.

Even though its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This  “disposable” work force is the most important  trend in American business today, and it is  fundamentally changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive  while  avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of importance that came from being a loyal employee.

41.  A] swarm  B] stride  C] separate D] slip

42.  A] For  B] Because C]As  D] Since

43.  A] from B] in  C] on D] by

44.  A]Even though B] Now that C] If only D] Provided that

45.  A] durable B] disposable  C] available  D] transferable

46.  A] approach  B] flow C] fashion D] trend

47.  A] instantly  B] reversely C] fundamentally D] sufficiently10

48.  A] but B] while C] and D] whereas

49.  A] imposed  B] restricted C] enthusiasm D] confined

50.  A] excitement B] conviction C] enthusiasm D] importance


译文:

拥有雇员56万人之众的劳务公司,是世界上最大的临时就业机构。每天早晨,公司的员工纷纷涌向美国的机关和工厂,为拿到日工资而寻找一天的工作。一次就一天了,因为一些工业巨头,如通用汽车公司的国际商用机器公司都靠裁员谋求生存,因此,总部设在威斯康星州密尔沃基市的劳务公司得以兴旺起来。

即使美国的经济继续恢复,僵的兼职人数和临时工的人数也还是不断增加。这种“一次性”的就业大军是当今美国经济的最重要的趋势,而且它从根本上改变了个人与职业的关系。这种现象为这些公司开辟了一条道路,使其既不失国际竞争力,又可以不受市场周期的冲击,避免就业法规,医疗保健和养老金法案带来的日益增加的负担。对雇员而言,这将意味着不再享有保障、福利,不再具有作为一个忠实雇员的使命感。

1998年全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试卷

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)

Until recently most historians spoke11 very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the average man. But they insisted that its immediate12 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery13 for the bulk of the English population. By contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a completely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

This view, however is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists  is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists however is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists in by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.

41.  A] admitted B] believed C] claimed D] predicted

42.  A] plain B] average  C] mean D] normal

43.  A] momentary B] prompt C] instant  D] immediate

44.  A] bulk B] host C] gross D] magnitude

45.  A] On  B] With C] For  D] By

46.  A] broadly B] thoroughly  C] generally D] completely

47.  A]however B] meanwhile C] therefore D] moreover

48.  A] at  B] in C] about D] for

49.  A] manifested B] approved C] shown D] speculated

50.  A] noted B] impressed C] labeled D] marked


译文:

直到最近,多数历史学家对工业革命仍持强烈的批评态度。他们承认,从长远观点来看,工业化的确大大地提高了普通老百姓的生活水平。但是,他们坚持说,从1750年到1850年期间,工业化的直接结果是广大英国人民的普遍贫困和苦难。对比之下,在此之前从1650年到1750年的100年间,英国还是一个完全的农业国,他们认为是一个富裕和繁荣的时期。

然而,人们普遍认为这种观点是错误的。历史学和经济学方面的专家已经证明了两件事:从1650年到1750年期间以极度贫困为特征,而工业化显然没有使这种状况恶化;事实上却可能改善了绝大多数平民百姓的生活条件。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 breakdown cS0yx     
n.垮,衰竭;损坏,故障,倒塌
参考例句:
  • She suffered a nervous breakdown.她患神经衰弱。
  • The plane had a breakdown in the air,but it was fortunately removed by the ace pilot.飞机在空中发生了故障,但幸运的是被王牌驾驶员排除了。
2 interfere b5lx0     
v.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰
参考例句:
  • If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话,可能弊多利少。
  • When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件,棘手的事情就来了。
3 inaccurate D9qx7     
adj.错误的,不正确的,不准确的
参考例句:
  • The book is both inaccurate and exaggerated.这本书不但不准确,而且夸大其词。
  • She never knows the right time because her watch is inaccurate.她从来不知道准确的时间因为她的表不准。
4 deprivation e9Uy7     
n.匮乏;丧失;夺去,贫困
参考例句:
  • Many studies make it clear that sleep deprivation is dangerous.多实验都证实了睡眠被剥夺是危险的。
  • Missing the holiday was a great deprivation.错过假日是极大的损失。
5 bacterial dy5z8q     
a.细菌的
参考例句:
  • Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间,细菌繁殖加快了。
  • Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。
6 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
7 restriction jW8x0     
n.限制,约束
参考例句:
  • The park is open to the public without restriction.这个公园对公众开放,没有任何限制。
  • The 30 mph speed restriction applies in all built-up areas.每小时限速30英里适用于所有建筑物聚集区。
8 nutritional 4HRxN     
adj.营养的,滋养的
参考例句:
  • A diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。
  • The labels on food products give a lot of information about their nutritional content.食品上的标签提供很多关于营养成分的信息。
9 swarm dqlyj     
n.(昆虫)等一大群;vi.成群飞舞;蜂拥而入
参考例句:
  • There is a swarm of bees in the tree.这树上有一窝蜜蜂。
  • A swarm of ants are moving busily.一群蚂蚁正在忙碌地搬家。
10 sufficiently 0htzMB     
adv.足够地,充分地
参考例句:
  • It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
  • The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。
11 spoke XryyC     
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
参考例句:
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
12 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
参考例句:
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
13 misery G10yi     
n.痛苦,苦恼,苦难;悲惨的境遇,贫苦
参考例句:
  • Business depression usually causes misery among the working class.商业不景气常使工薪阶层受苦。
  • He has rescued me from the mire of misery.他把我从苦海里救了出来。

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