对非谓语动词的要求(2)

时间:2009-01-03 07:47:30

(单词翻译:单击)

(三)不定式和动名词作宾语

  英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:

  (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语。

  A.下面的动词要求不定式做宾语:

  例如:They are training these dogs to sniff1 out drugs.他们训练狗嗅出毒品来。

  I?ll get somebody to repair the machine.我去找人修理机器。

  I recommend you to do what he says.我劝你照他说的去做。

  The radio urged people to contribute to the Red Cross.电台要求人们向红十字会捐助。

  afford负担得起aim针对agree同意appear似乎,显得arrange安排ask问attempt企图bear承受begin开始beg请求bother扰乱,烦恼care关心,喜欢cease停止choose选择claim要求contrive设法,图谋consent同意,赞同decide决定decline推却demand要求design设计,预定desire愿望determine决定destine注定dread害怕enable能够endeavor努力expect期望fail不能forget忘记happen碰巧hate憎恨,厌恶hesitate犹豫hope希望incline有……倾向intend想要learn学习like喜欢loathe不喜欢,讨厌long渴望love爱manage设法mean意欲,打算need需要neglect忽视offer提供omit忽略,漏plan计划prefer喜欢,宁愿prepare准备pretend假装profess表明promise承诺,允许propose提议refuse拒绝regret抱歉,遗憾scorn忽视seek找,寻觅start开始swear宣誓try试图undertake承接volunteer志愿vow起誓want想要wish希望

  B.下面的动词要求不定式作宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式。

  advise劝告allow允许announce宣布ask要求,邀请assist协助authorize授权,委托bear容忍beg请求bride收买cause引起command命令compel强迫condemn指责,谴责deserve应受direct指导drive驱赶enable使能够encourage鼓励entitle使有资格entreat恳求exhort告诫,勉励forbid禁止force强迫get请,得到hate憎恶help帮助implore恳求induce引诱inspire鼓舞instruct指示intend想要,企图invite吸引,邀请lead引起,使得leave使,让like喜欢mean意欲,打算need需要oblige不得不order命令permit允许persuade劝导pray请求prefer喜欢,宁愿press迫使prompt促使pronounce断定,表示recommend劝告,推荐remind提醒report报告request请求require要求show(how)summon传唤teach教tell告诉tempt劝诱train训练urge激励,力说want想要warn告诫wish希望

  (2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语

  例如:I appreciateshavingsbeen given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

  我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。

  例如:You?re going to England next year.You should now practise speaking English as much as possible.

  你明年到英国去的话,应该现在就尽可能多说英语。

  If we don?t start out now,we must risk missing2 the train.

  如果我们现在不出发,就可能会赶不上火车。

  acknowledge承认,自认admit承认advocate提倡,主张appreciate感激,欣赏

  avoid避免bear忍受can"t help不禁can"t stand受不了consider考虑cease停止commence开始complete完成confess坦白contemplate细想defer拖延delay延迟deny否认detest嫌恶dislike不喜欢,讨厌discourage使沮丧dread可怕endure忍受enjoy享有,喜爱envy嫉妒escape逃跑,逃避excuse借口fancy幻想,爱好favor造成,偏爱figure描绘,计算finish完成,结束forgive原谅imagine设想involve卷入,包含hate讨厌keep保持loathe不喜欢,讨厌mention说到,讲到mind介意,留意miss错过pardon原谅,饶恕permit允许postpone延迟,延期practise实行,实践prevent阻止quit放弃,停止recall回想report报道,发表repent悔悟resent怨恨resist抵抗,阻止resume恢复risk冒险suggest建议save营救,储蓄stand坚持,忍受肥沃tolerate忍受;宽容understand明白,理解

  (3)动名词作介词的宾语。

  几乎所有介词,不管是单个介词还是介词词组,不管它们是谓语动词的组成部分与否,都可用动名词作其宾语。主要有以下搭配关系:

  A.动词+介词+动名词,例:

  Scientists measure the hardness of a material by comparison3 with a table of ten well known metals.

  We insist on your leaving the place before any further disturbances4 take place.

  B.名词(形容词,不及物动词)+介词to(不要把它视为动词不定式的标志)。

  下面是大纲中所列短语中的“to”为介词:(be)contrary to(与……相反),object(objection)to(反对),with a view to(为……起见),(be) opposed to (反对),in contrast to(与……成对比),be used to (习惯于),be exposed to,be dedicated5 to(致力于),resort to(诉诸于),as to (关于),be accustomed to习惯于,be devoted6 to献身于,be committed to委身于,react to对……反应,with regard to关于,look forward to期待,contribute to贡献等。

  例:Mr.Brown often wore a heavy coat because he was not used to living in such a cold climate.

  C.动词+副词+介词+动名词

  I look forward to her coming soon.我盼望她的早日到来。

  D.形容词(或具有形容词性质的?ed分词)+介词+ing

  He is greatly honored7 of shaking hands with the President.

  和总统握手他感到无上的光荣。

  It is impossible for him finishing the task in such a short time.他不可能在这样短的时间内完成这项任务。

  E.表示征求意见的“How about…?”,“What about?”,例:

  How about going there?去那里怎么样?

  What aboutshavingsa concert?举行一场音乐会怎么样?

  (4)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别。

  A. forget to do忘记要去做某事(此事未做)。

  forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)。

  B. stop to do停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事。

  stop doing停止正在或经常做的事。

  C. remember to do记住去做某事(未做)。

  remember doing记得做过某事(已做)。

  D. regret to do对要做的事遗憾。

  regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。

  E. try to do努力、企图做某事。

  try doing试验、试一试某种办法。

  F. mean to do打算,有意要……。

  mean doing意味着。

  例:Don?t you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

  You must remember to leave tomorrow.你可要记着是明天动身。

  I don?t regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)

  I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没办法。(未做但要做)

  You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。

  Let?s try doing the work some other way.让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。

  I didn?t mean to hurt your feeling.我没想要伤害你的感情。

  This illness will mean(your)going to hospital.得了这种病(你)就要进医院。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 sniff PF7zs     
vi.嗅…味道;抽鼻涕;对嗤之以鼻,蔑视
参考例句:
  • The police used dogs to sniff out the criminals in their hiding - place.警察使用警犬查出了罪犯的藏身地点。
  • When Munchie meets a dog on the beach, they sniff each other for a while.当麦奇在海滩上碰到另一条狗的时候,他们会彼此嗅一会儿。
2 missing 3nTzx7     
adj.遗失的,缺少的,失踪的
参考例句:
  • Check the tools and see if anything is missing.检点一下工具,看有无丢失。
  • All the others are here;he's the only one missing.别人都来了,就短他一个。
3 comparison TqEzY     
n.比较,对照;比拟,比喻
参考例句:
  • They make a comparison of New York to a beehive.他们把纽约比作一个蜂巢。
  • This dress is really cheaper by comparison.比较起来,这件衣服确实便宜。
4 disturbances a0726bd74d4516cd6fbe05e362bc74af     
n.骚乱( disturbance的名词复数 );打扰;困扰;障碍
参考例句:
  • The government has set up a commission of inquiry into the disturbances at the prison. 政府成立了一个委员会来调查监狱骚乱事件。
  • Extra police were called in to quell the disturbances. 已调集了增援警力来平定骚乱。
5 dedicated duHzy2     
adj.一心一意的;献身的;热诚的
参考例句:
  • He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
  • His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。
6 devoted xu9zka     
adj.忠诚的,忠实的,热心的,献身于...的
参考例句:
  • He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
  • We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
7 honored honored     
adj.光荣的:荣幸的v.尊敬,给以荣誉( honor的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • I hope to be honored with further orders. 如蒙惠顾,不胜荣幸。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This is a time-honored custom. 这是一个古老的习俗。 来自《简明英汉词典》

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