2001年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案

时间:2006-09-13 03:37:33

(单词翻译:单击)

National Entrance Test Of English For MA/MS Candidates (2001)
(NETEM 2001)
Part Ⅰ Structure and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)
Example:
I have been to the Great Wall three times _________ 1979.
[A]from [B]after [C]for [D]since
The sentence should read, "I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979." Therefore, you should choose [D].
Sample Answer
[A][B][C][■]
1.If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I _________ my head in my hands for a cry.
[A]bury [B]am burying [C]buried [D]would bury
2.Good news was sometimes released prematurely2, with the British recapture of the port _________ half a day before the defenders3 actually surrendered.
[A]to announce [B]announced [C]announcing [D]was announced
3.According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one _________ wait instead of searching for it.
[A]would rather [B]had to [C]cannot but [D]had best
4.She felt suitably humble4 just as she _________ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed5.
[A]had [B]had had [C]would have and [D]has had
5.There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite _________ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.
[A] being resigned [B]having resigned
[C]going to resign [D]resign
6.So involved with their computers _________ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
[A]became the children [B]become the children
[C]had the children become [D]do the children become
7.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _________ an anonymous6, statistically7 insignificant8 part of a huge and diverse audience.
[A]everything except [B]anything but
[C]no less than [D]nothing more than
8.One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. _________ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.
[A]By [B]In [C]For [D]With
9.Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _________ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.
[A]as [B]which [C]that [D]what
10.Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, _________ they Christian10, Islamic, Buddhist11, Jewish, and so on.
[A]be [B]being [C]were [D]are

Section B
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found _________ in the woods off the highway.
[A]vanished [B]scattered [C]abandoned [D]rejected
The sentence should read. "The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway." There fore1, you should choose [C].
Sample Answer
[A][B][■][D]
11.He is too young to be able to _________ between right and wrong.
[A]discard [B]discern [C]disperse [D]disregard
12.It was no _________ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.
[A]coincidence [B]convention [C]certainty [D]complication
13.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships _________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.
[A]cautiously [B]dutifully [C]faithfully [D]skillfully
14.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be _________ the welfare of his animals.
[A]critical about[B]indignant at [C]indifferent to[D]subject to
15.The chairman of the board _________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.
[A]compelled [B]posed [C]pressed [D]tempted
16.It is naive13 to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with _________,
[A]for long [B]in and out [C]once for all [D]by nature
17.Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _________ and lack of unity14 in style.
[A]conflict [B]confrontation[C]disturbance [D]disharmony
18.The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once _________.
[A]thrived [B]swelled [C]prospered [D]flourished
19.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _________ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.
[A]overturn [B]overtake [C]offset [D]oppress
20.Because of its intimacy15, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is _________.
[A]firm [B]company [C]corporation [D]enterprise
21.When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as _________.
[A]novel [B]remote [C]distant [D]foreign
22.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _________ at a garage sale.?
[A]trifled with [B]scraped through[C]stumbled upon[D]thirsted for
23.Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could _________.
[A]descend [B]decline [C]deteriorate [D]depress
24.Equipment not _________ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.?
[A]conforming to [B]consistent with
[C]predominant over [D]providing for
25.As an industry, biotechnology stands to _________ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.?
[A]contend [B]contest [C]rival [D]strive
26.The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving _________ for the states and liberty for individuals.?
[A]autonomy [B]dignity [C]monopoly [D]stabilit
27.For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost _________ as microorganisms.
[A]precisely [B]instantly [C]initially [D]exclusively
28.The introduction of gunpowder16 gradually made the bow and arrow _________, particularly in Western Europe.?
[A]obscure [B]obsolete [C]optional [D]overlapping
29.Whoever formulated17 the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just _________ and needs proving.?
[A]spontaneous [B]hypothetical [C]intuitive [D]empirical
30.The future of this company is _________: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses.?
[A]at odds18 [B]in trouble [C]in vain [D]at stake

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.
In a significant ?32? of legal controls over the press. Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor19, will introduce a ?33? bill that will propose making payments to witnesses ?34? and will strictly20 control the amount of ?35? that can be given to a case ?36? a trial begins.
In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he ?37? with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not ?38? sufficient control.
39? of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a ?40? of media protest when he said the ?41? of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges ?42? to Parliament.
The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43? the European Convention on Human Rights legally ?44? in Britain, laid down that everybody was ?45? to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.
"Press freedoms will be in safe hands ?46? our British judges," he said.
Witness payments became an ?47? after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were ?48? to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised ?49? witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ?50? guilty verdicts.
31.[A]as to [B]for instance [C]in particular[D]such as
32.[A]tightening [B]intensifying [C]focusing [D]fastening
33.[A]sketch [B]rough [C]preliminary [D]draft
34.[A]illogical [B]illegal [C]improbable [D]improper
35.[A]publicity [B]penalty [C]popularity [D]peculiarity
36.[A]since [B]if [C]before [D]as
37.[A]sided [B]shared [C]complied [D]agreed
38.[A]present [B]offer [C]manifest [D]indicate
39.[A]Release [B]Publication [C]Printing [D]Exposure
40.[A]storm [B]rage [C]flare [D]flash
41.[A]translation [B]interpretation[C]exhibition [D]demonstration
42.[A]better than [B]other than [C]rather than [D]sooner than
43.[A]changes [B]makes [C]sets [D]turns
44.[A]binding [B]convincing [C]restraining [D]sustaining
45.[A]authorized [B]credited [C]entitled [D]qualified
46.[A]with [B]to [C]from [D]by
47.[A]impact [B]incident [C]inference [D]issue
48.[A]stated [B]remarked [C]said [D]told
49.[A]what [B]when [C]which [D]that
50.[A]assure [B]confide [C]ensure [D]guarantee

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)?

Passage 1
Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.?
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn23 between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word 'amateur' does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully12 integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation24 in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated25 in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.?
A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporatel, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing26, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation27 has led to professional geologists28 coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.?
Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.
51.The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as _________.
[A]sociology and chemistry
[B]physics and psychology
[C]sociology and psychology
[D]physics and chemistry
52.We can infer from the passage that _________.
[A] there is little distinction between specialization and
professionalisation
[B]amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
[C]professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
[D]amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
53.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _________.
[A]the process of specialization and professionalisation
[B]the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
[C]the change of policies in scientific publications
[D]the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
54.The direct reason for specialization is _________.
[A]the development in communication
[B]the growth of professionalisation
[C]the expansion of scientific knowledge
[D]the splitting up of academic societies

Passage 2?
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so called digital divide-the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming29 danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.?
There are technological30 reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.
Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.
To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished31 countries will have to get over their outdated32 anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure33 (the basic structural34 foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping35 you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures36 needed to take full advantage of the Internet.?
55.Digital divide is something _________.
[A]getting worse because of the Internet
[B]the rich countries are responsible for
[C]the world must guard against
[D]considered positive today
56.Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _________.
[A]offers economic potentials
[B]can bring foreign funds
[C]can soon wipe out world poverty
[D]connects people all over the world
57.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify37 the policy of _________.
[A]providing financial support overseas
[B]preventing foreign capital's control
[C]building industrial infrastructure
[D]accepting foreign investment
58.It seems that now a country's economy depends much on _________.
[A]how well developed it is electronically
[B]whether it is prejudiced against immigrants
[C]whether it adopts America's industrial pattern
[D]how much control it has over foreign corporations

Passage 3
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism38 credibility project.?
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.?
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone39 and a ready-made narrative40 structure for otherwise confusing news.?
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan41 area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random42 and asked the same questions.
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite43, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated44 to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases45 that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender46, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
59.What is the passage mainly about?
[A]needs of the readers all over the world
[B]causes of the public disappointment about newspapers
[C]origins of the declining newspaper industry
[D]aims of a journalism credibility project
60.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to
be .
[A]quite trustworthy
[B]somewhat contradictory
[C]very illuminating
[D]rather superficial
61.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in
their _________.
[A]working attitude
[B]conventional lifestyle
[C]world outlook
[D]educational background
62.Despite its efforts, he newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the
readers owing to its _________.
[A]failure to realize its real problem
[B]tendency to hire annoying reporters
[C]likeliness to do inaccurate48 reporting
[D]prejudice in matters of race and gender

Passage 4
The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers50 and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying:"Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"
There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational51 corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates52 account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s,multinationals53 went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.?
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie54 the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer's demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental55, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty56. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger49 of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.
Yet the fact remains57 that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking58 industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements59 to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of "defending competition" on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case??
63.What is the typical trend of businesses today?
[A]to take in more foreign funds
[B]to invest more abroad
[C]to combine and become bigger
[D]to trade with more countries
64.According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is _________.
[A]the greater customer demands
[B]a surplus supply for the market
[C]a growing productivity
[D]the increase of the world's wealth
65.From paragraph 4 we can infer that _________.
[A]the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
[B]WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
[C]the costs of the globalization process are enormous
[D]the Stanard Oil trust might have threatened competition
66.Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can be said to be _________.
[A]optimistic
[B]objective
[C]pessimistic
[D]biased

Passage 5
When I decided60 to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral61 move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively62 high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family".
Curiously63, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate64 advocate of the philosophy of "having it all",preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine65 of "juggling66 your life",and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed:12 hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on "quality time".
In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic67 lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as "voluntary simplicity"-has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.
While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late'80s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift68, in Britain, at least among the middle-class down-shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.?
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the'80s,downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical69 good life-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recognition of your limitations.
67.Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1??
[A]Full-time70 employment is a new international trend.
[B]The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.
[C]"A lateral move" means stepping out of full-time employment.
[D]The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.
68.The writer's experiment shows that downshifting _________.
[A]enables her to realize her dream
[B]helps her mold a new philosophy of life
[C]prompts her to abandon her high social status
[D]leads her to accept the doctrine of [WTBX]she magazine
69."Juggling one's life" probably means living a life characterized by _________.
[A]non-materialistic lifestyle
[B]a bit of everything
[C]extreme stress
[D]anti-consumerism
70.According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result
of _________.?
[A]the quick pace of modern life
[B]man's adventurous71 spirit
[C]man's search for mythical experiences
[D]the economic situation

Part Ⅳ English-Chinese Translation
Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly72 on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)??
In less than 30 year's time the Star Trek73 holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain's nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory74 virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.?
71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72) Children
will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities75 will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation76 will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.?
According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium77(a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.
73)Pearson has pieced together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy78 and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.?
Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer human links. "By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck," he says. 74)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration79:"It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century."
Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic80 lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.

Part Ⅴ Writing
76.Directions:
Among all the worthy47 feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.?
There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to
1) show your understanding of the symbolic81 meaning of the picture below,
2) give a specific example, and
3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.?
You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)?


2001年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
评分标准及参考答案

1.选[C]。本题重点考查虚拟语气。句子中有两处虚拟语气,一是if ... could be ...,另外是it is time that ... 解题的关键是要判断出第二处的虚拟语气。在It is time that ... 句型中that后的从句中的动词要用过去式,所以[C]buried为正确选项。
2.选[B]。本题重点考查非谓语动词的用法及对句意的理解,可使用排除法来解题。句子的前半部分提到"好消息有时发布得过早",后半部分用一个with短语结构来解释前半部分的内容。因为with短语中要用非谓语动词形式,所以[D]was announced可以予以排除。British recapture of the port(英军重新占据港口)是announce的宾语,而且这一消息又比保卫者实际投降早半天宣布,所以是一个完成的动作。因此空格处只能填入announced来表示"被动完成"的意思。
3.选[D]。本题重点考查考生对句意的理解以及对所给四个短语的掌握情况。从句意来看so前的句子为本题提供了重要的线索,这半句的意思是:根据一种信仰,如果要知道真理,真理会使自己一目了然。由这句可以推理出,了解真理的方法是待而不寻求。所给四个选项表达的意思分别:[A]宁愿;[B]不得不,必需;[C]只能;[D]最好。显然只有[D]项是正确答案。had best的意思是"最好",相当于had better,后面用动词原形。
4.选[A]。本题重点考查动词的时态。句子的主句用的是一般过去时(felt),由when状语从句的时态(过去完成时)可以判断出as后面的从句的时态也应该用过去完成时,即had felt。为避免重复,felt可以省略。
5.选[B]。本题考查对介词despite及动词resign的掌握情况以及对句意的不理解。despite(尽管…)是一个介词,后面要接名词或动名词,所以[D]是不正确的。resign是一个不及物动词,所以[A]不正确。从句意来看,Mr Jospin已经从领导岗位上退了下来,应该用完成时,所以[C]项也是错误的。
6.选[D]。本题着重考查倒装句的用法。由于so involved放在了句首,句子用倒装形式。因为句子的时态是一般现在时,所以要借助于助动词do来构成倒装。把这句话改变成正常语序是:The children become so involved with their computers that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games(孩子们对他们的电脑如此着迷,以致于电脑令营的领导不得不经常强迫他们停下来,做做体育运动和游戏)。
7.选[D]。本题要求考在把握句意的基础上重点辨析所给四个选项。从句意来看,个体电视观众总是(invariably)觉得他(她)只是巨大的、多样化,观众的微不足道的一部分。如果填入[A][B][C]三个选项,所以表达的意思则正好与句子的正确意思相反,只有[D]nothing more than表达了"仅仅,只不过"的意思。
8.选[A]。本题重点考查对介词的掌握。当下定义或解释某种事物时,常用介词by,构成By ... is meant或者By ..., it is meant ...。
9.选[C]。本题要求考生能够迅速识别出so ... that句型。
10.选[A]。本题重点考查虚拟语气的特殊用法。be they Christian, Islamic ......,相当于whether they are Charistian, Islamic ... (不管他们是基督教、伊斯兰教…)
11.选[B]。本题要求正确区别所给四个选项的意思。[A]discard,抛弃,遗弃;[B]discern,辨别,区别;[C]disperse,驱散;[D]disregard,不理,漠视。本句的句意是:他太年轻,还不能辨明是非。
12.选[A]。所给四个选项的意思分别是:[A]巧合,凑巧;[B]会议,传统;[C]肯定;[D]复杂性。本句大意是:抢劫发生时在银行附近发现她的车绝不是巧合。
13.选[B]。所给四个副词的意思分别是:[A]谨慎地;[B]尽职地,顺从地;[C]忠实地;[D]灵活地,巧妙地。对于轮船来说,遵守交通规则是它们的职责,所以只能选[B]。本句大意:海岸护卫的责任之一就是要确保在繁忙的港湾所有的船只都要尽职地遵守交通规则。
14.选[C]。所给四个形容词短语的意思分别是:[A]对…挑剔;[B]对…愤慨;[C]对…漠不关心;[D]服从于…。句子中的but表明but前后两句的内容是对比转折关系;but前半句的意思是:爱斯基摩人也许是所以印地安人中最为信任他人,最体贴的人之一,所给选项中能够和considerate构成反义词的只有[C]。
15.选[C]。[B]posed:提出,陈述;[D]tempted:引诱可以很快排除;[A][C]互为强干扰项,都表示"强迫"的意思,但只有press才可以用press sth on sb 这样的结构,意思是把…强加于人。本句大意是:董事会主席把解散公司雇佣不起的优秀职员这样讨厌的工作强加于我。
16.选[C]。[A]时间长(久)地;[B]里里外里外,彻底;[C]最后一次,一次性了结地;[D]从本质上。本句大意是:盼望任何社会能够一次性了结地解决它所面临的各种社会问题的做法是幼稚的。
17.选[D]。[A]冲突,矛盾;[B]对抗;[C]扰乱,动荡;[D]不合谐。result in...导致…,产生…(不好的后果)。所填入的词应当和lack of unity一致,所以只能填disharmony。本句大意:在相邻的房间中使用极为不同的装饰方案会导致风格上的不合谐及缺乏一致感。
18.选[A]。所给四个选项中除了[B]swelled,其他三项都表示"繁荣,旺盛"的意思,但[A]thrived多用来指动、植物的繁荣与昌盛;[C]prospered多用来指经济主面的繁荣;[D]flourished多用来指植物的茂盛。
19.选[C]。[A]overturn:推翻,颠覆;[B]overtake,追上,赶上;[C]offset,抵销,冲销;[D]oppress,压迫。句中的growth和decline之间的关系可以用offset。
20.选[B]。[A]firm,公司;[B]伴侣;[C]公司;[D]企业。收音机(radio)不仅仅是一种传媒工具,还是一个伴侣,其他三项均不符合题意。
21.选[D]。[A]novel,新鲜的;[B]remote,遥远的;[C]distant,遥远的;[D]foreign,外来的,陌生的。本句大意是,当任何非人类器官移值于人体时,人体立刻辨别出这个器官是外来的。
22.选[C]。[A]trifled with:怠慢,小看(某人);[B]scraped through,勉强维持生活;[C]stumbled upon,偶然看见,偶然发现;[D]thirsted for,渴望。显然,只有[C]项符合句意。
23.选[B]。可以很快排除[C]deteriorate:变坏;和[D]depress,萧条,贬值。[A]descend和[B]decline都表示"下跌,下降"的意思,但descend一般用来指事物从一个较高的位置上落到较低的位置上,表示空间方位的变化,而decline的用法比要descend广,既可指空间位置的变化,又可指其他方面,如需求数量的减少。24.选[A]。[C]项和[D]项可以很快排除。[B]是强干扰项,空格后面的各词是safety standards(安全标准),因此其前面的词只能填遵守,即[A]conforming to。[B]consistent with是"与…连贯"的意思。
25.选[C]。句子要表明biotechnology和dectronics的关系,[D]strive,努力做…可予以排除。[A][B][C]三项都含有"竞争"的意思,但[A]多用于contend for(争取这一结构;[B]contest后面也直接跟所要争取的事物,例如,contest a seat in Parliament,只有[C]rival后面直接跟竞争的对手。
26.选[A]。所给四个选项需要理解句意,还需要真有一定的关于美国宪法的背景知识,美国是一个联邦制国家,其宪法特点是在加强中央政府权力的同时,也维护了各州的自治权和独立权。由此不难看出本题只能选[A]。本句大意是:美国宪法的作者们试图建立一个有效的国家政府,并且与此同时维护各州的自治权和个人的自由。
27.选[D]。所给四个副词的意思分别是:[A]准确地;[B]立刻,马上;[C]首要地;[D]唯一地,单独地。四个词只有exclusively才可以被almost修饰,而且也最符合句意。
28.选[B]。所给四个形容词的意思分别是:[A]模糊的,不清楚的;[B]过时的,可选择的;[D]交叉的,重叠的。火药的引进只能使弓箭成为过时的器械,故[B]为正确选项。
29.选[B]所给四个形容词的意思分别是:[A]自然的,自发的;[B]假设的;[C]直觉的;[D]经验的。根据常识可知,任何关于宇宙起源的理论都是假设的,是需要证明的,故只有[B]项正确。
30.选[D]。所给四个短语的意思分别是:[A]与…不合;[B]处于困境之中;[C]徒劳的,白费工夫的;[D]处于险境。从句意来看,公司的未来只能是面临危险,所以只有[D]为确切答案。
31.选[D]。the trial of Rosemary West与空格前面的prominent cases是具体案例和泛指的关系,所以选[D]such as,表示举例。
32.选[A]。空格后面的名词是legal control,所填入的动名词要表达"加强法律控制"的意思,只能用[A]tightening,其他三个选项的意思分别是:[B]加剧;[C]集中;[D]加紧,拴牢。
33.选[D]。draft,草稿;darft bill,草案。[C]preliminary(预备的,初步的)是一个强干扰项,但该词表示的意思是"在做正事之前做准备工作"的意思,不符合文章大意。
34.选[B]。由文章的第一段可知立法的目的就是要使新闻媒体给证人付酬成为非法活动,因此,只有[B]illegal正确。其他三个选项的意思分别[A]不符合逻辑的;[C]不可能的;[D]不恰当的。
35.选[A]。对于英国众院来说,这只能立法控制媒体对一件案例的报道的公开性,故只能选[A]publicity。其他三个选项的意思分别是:[B]惩罚;[C]受欢迎程度;[D]古怪性。
36.选[C]。所给四个选项中只有[C]before最确切。只有在审判之前控制一件案例的公开程度才是合理的。
37.选[D]。空格后面的名词是a committee report。从动词搭配而言,四个选项都可以,但是[A]sided后面一般接人,表示与某人采取同样的立场,side with sb;[B]shared表示"分享"的意思;[C]complied with 表示"遵守,服从"的意思。Lord Irvine是一个法官,所以[D]为正确选项。
38.选[B]。所给四个选项的意思分别是:[A]present,呈送;[B]offer,提供;[C]manifest,表明,呈现;[D]indicate,暗示。从句意来看,只有[B]最恰当。
39.选[B]。从本段内容来看,Lord Irvine的讲话引起了媒体的抗议。他讲话两天后,他的信被发表了,应该用publication。[A]release一般用来指唱片、电影、书籍的发行;[C]printing,印刷;[D]exposure,曝光,一般指不同的事情公布于众,但从上下文可知,Lord Irvine的信不能被看作此类事物。
40.选[A]。用storm(暴风雨)来体现媒体抗议的强烈程度。rage,发怒;flare,交光,闪耀;flash,闪光,都不符合句意。
41.选[B]。空格后的名词是privacy controls(隐私控制)。由于文章讲的主要是英国众院立法禁止新闻媒体向目击者付酬,而这样的立法引起了媒体的抗议。争议的焦点是对欧洲立法中的包含的隐私控制的归属问题。所以此处只能用interpretational(解释,阐释)。其他三项都不符合句意。
42.选[C]。从文章内容来看,是法官拥有对隐私控制的解释权还是国会拥有对隐私控制的解释权是争议的核心问题,因而法官和国会是互相对立的关系,两者只能取其一。所给四个选项中只有rather than(…而不是)表达了这样的意思。other than是强干扰项,它表达的意思是"除了…还",包括其后的名词,不表示排除。
43.选[B]。从整句话内容来看,此处只能makes,与44题中的形容词构成贴切的表达。
44.选[A]。binding的意思是:有约束力的,有束缚力的。
45.选[C]。be entitled to sth是固定表达方式,意思是"有权利做…,有权利享受…"。其他三项不能用于这样的结构。
46.选[A]。此处填介词with表原因。本句的意思是:由于有我们的英国法官,新闻自由才会被安全把握。
47.选[D]。从文章来看,有关给目击人付酬的争论并没有结束,因此才成了一个争论点(issue)。
48.选[C]。这里用的是sb is said to ...的结构,意思是:据说,…。49.选[D]。此处填入that,引导一个同位语从句,表明concerns的内容。
50.选[C]。容易排除的是[B]confide(向…告以心事)。[A][C][D]互为干扰项。[A]assure的意思是:"使确信,使放心";[D]guaranotee的意思是"保证";[C]ensure的词义则此较广泛,不光有"保证"的意思,还有"使某事必然发生"的意思。这一意项也是在文章中应取的意思。文章最后一句话的意思是,有人担心这样做(给目击证人付酬)会鼓励目击证人在法庭上过分渲染他们的故事,从而导致有罪的判决。
51.选[D]。本题属细节类题目。文章第二段最后一句为正确解答本题提供了帮助。这一句中的关键词是"in those areas of science based especially on a mathe matical or laboratory training"这就表明了专业分工较为明显的学科的性质,即一般都是建立在数学或实验室研究方面的学科。所给四个选项中只有[D]物理学和化学是正确选项。
52.选[B]。本题的答案不是很明显,可用排除法来解决。文章第一段最后两句指出"专业分工是影响交流过程的一系列相关科学发展中的一部分。另一个是科学活动不断增长的专业化趋势"。由这两句可看出,专业分工和专业化是科学发展的两方面,两者是有区别的,所以[A]"专业分工和专业化之间没有什么差别"是不正确的。从文章第三段可以看出专业科技人员和业余科技人员是持"不相容"态度的,而且随着专业化的不断发展,这种"不相容"关系更加明显,所以[C]"专业人员倾向于欢迎业余人员加入到他们的科学团体中去"是错误的。第三段最后一句话中的"whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way"表示业余科技人员既有地方团体也有国家团体,所以[D]是错误的。经排除后只有[B]才是唯一的正确选项。53.选[C]。此题属于把握作者意图类题目,可以从文章第二段最后一句找到线索。这句中的trend 指的就是科学活动中专业分工和专业化的趋势。原文中的The trendcan be illuserated in terms of the development of geology换成了题目中的主动语态,illustrate换成了demonstrate。
54.选[C]。文章第一段第一句提供了本题的答案。原文中的an increasing accumalation of suentific knowledge换成了被选项中的the expansion of scientific knowledge。
55.选[C]。本题不是要对digital divide 下定义,而是作出评价。文章第一段中的"Mywife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago"对digital divide做了评价,关键词是looming danger(隐约出现的危险),表明digital divide是有危险的,因此全世界需要防范。
56.选[A]。文章第二段前半部分指出了政府重视互联网的原因--互联网越开放,就意味着更多的顾客。关键句是afraid their countries will be left behind。
57.选[D]。文章第四段前两句提供了本题的线索。这两句的意思是:要利用这一工具,一些贫穷国家需要克服(get over)他们待外国投资那种落后的反殖民主义的仿见。那些仍然视外国投资为对已主权侵略的国家也许应好好学习一下美国基础设施建设的历史。从这两句话可以看出作者提及美国的目的是要说明贫穷国家要采取吸收外资的政策。
58.选[A]。文章第三段为本题提供了线索。本段指出了Internet的重要性。同时文章最后一段中…which today is an electronic infrastructure"也表明了电子工业对一个国家经济发展的重要性。
59.选[B]。文章第一段的第一句以问句的形式表明了本文的主旨,即要寻找许多美国人对报纸报导不信任的原因,也就是[B]项的内容。
60.选[D]。文章第二段指出新闻可信度调查项目的调查结果只是"low level findings abont factual errors, and grammar mistakes, …"。可见这些调查结果是很肤浅的(superfalial)。
61.选[C]。从文章第三段开始,文章找出了读者不信任新离报导的许多种原因,包括新闻业内部传统的报导模式(conventional story line)、新闻记者和读者在文化和社会上的脱节。文章第六段指出,"The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in …but in the daily clash of world views between reporters ard their readets",表明新闻记者不受信任的基本原因是他们的世界观,原文中的world views换成了被选项中的world ontlook。
62.选[A]。文章的最后一段指出报业仍然不能满足读者的原因是it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases…,也就是说报业没有意识到它的真正问题。
63.选[C]。文章的第一句即为本题提供了答案。原文中的mergers and acquisitions(合并与兼并)换成了被选项中的combine and become bigger。
64.选[C]。(本题属细节类题目,可从文章直接定位并且运用排除法找出正确选项。)文章三段指出了巨大兼并。合并潮的推动力,包括运输和通讯费用的降低,较低的贸易和投资壁垒,需要采用扩大经营方式才能满足顾客需要的扩大的市场。显然,只有[A]是正确选项。
65.选[D]。本题属于推理类题目。正确解答此题的关键是要正确理解第四段第二句话 It is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were …, when the stardard oil trust was broken up。这句话表明标准石油托拉期在一个世界以前有可能威胁竞争,但今天的合并则不会。hard to imagine(很难想象)"。
66.选[B]。本题属于把握作者观念点类题目。文章最后一段第一句指出,the fast remains that the merger movement must be watched(然而事实是合并运动有待观望),这表明作者对这股生意潮的态度是比较客观的(objective)。另外从整篇文章来看,作者的态度也是很客观的,例如在第四段作者讲到兼并的益处,但最后一段涉及兼并会引起的各种问题。
67.选[B]。本题一道推理性题目,需要正确理解文章第一段才能做出正确选择,本段第一指出是作者辞去全职工作时才发现自己加入了一个国际大潮中,显然全职工作不是这个国际大潮。第二句中的a lateral move的意思是"平行移动,横向移动",显然不是指不做全职工作。而正是这个伤害作者自尊心、阻碍她职业发展的"平行移动"促使她放弃了她较高形象的职业生涯。本段最后一句指出作者声称:"I wanted to spend more time with my family"只是用来"cover"她的职职的。可见,作者是由于环境因素才辞去工作的,[B]为正确选项。
68.选[B]。文章第二段提供了本题的线索。第二段中的transformed ... into ...表明了作者在生活观上的改变,而这都是由于她采取了"顺其自然"(downshifting)的生活方式的结果。
69.选[C]。从文章整篇内容来看(主要是第三段),downshifting和juggling your life是两种相对立的生活方式。既然downshifting是顺其自然,juggling your life就意味着生活中有很多压力,同时第三段对juggling your life做了具体的描述:12小时工作日,紧迫的交稿期限,办公室政治的可怕压力以及在限定时间做人母的局限。可见juggling your life是指一种充满了极端压力的生活。
70.选[D]。文章第五段第一句话为本题提供了线索。"While in American the trend (downshifting) started as a vacation to the economic decline",表明在美国这种趋势是经济衰退的反应。
Part Ⅳ English-Chinese Translation(15 points)?
71.届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦
这些汽车排污超标(违规),监控器就会使其停驶。?
72.儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工
作伙伴而不是工具,人们将在气味电视机前休闲,届时数字体时代就来到了。
73.皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果,编制了一个独特的新技术千年历,它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。?
74.但皮尔森指出,这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始:"它是人机一体化慢长之
路的第一步,最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。"
75.家用电器将会变得如此智能化,以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾
病-厨房狂躁。?
Part ⅤWriting (20 points)?
76.(略)


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 fore ri8xw     
adv.在前面;adj.先前的;在前部的;n.前部
参考例句:
  • Your seat is in the fore part of the aircraft.你的座位在飞机的前部。
  • I have the gift of fore knowledge.我能够未卜先知。
2 prematurely nlMzW4     
adv.过早地,贸然地
参考例句:
  • She was born prematurely with poorly developed lungs. 她早产,肺部未发育健全。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • His hair was prematurely white, but his busy eyebrows were still jet-black. 他的头发已经白了,不过两道浓眉还是乌黑乌黑的。 来自辞典例句
3 defenders fe417584d64537baa7cd5e48222ccdf8     
n.防御者( defender的名词复数 );守卫者;保护者;辩护者
参考例句:
  • The defenders were outnumbered and had to give in. 抵抗者寡不敌众,只能投降。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • After hard fighting,the defenders were still masters of the city. 守军经过奋战仍然控制着城市。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 humble ddjzU     
adj.谦卑的,恭顺的;地位低下的;v.降低,贬低
参考例句:
  • In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见,他将在选举中获胜。
  • Defeat and failure make people humble.挫折与失败会使人谦卑。
5 pointed Il8zB4     
adj.尖的,直截了当的
参考例句:
  • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
  • She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
6 anonymous lM2yp     
adj.无名的;匿名的;无特色的
参考例句:
  • Sending anonymous letters is a cowardly act.寄匿名信是懦夫的行为。
  • The author wishes to remain anonymous.作者希望姓名不公开。
7 statistically Yuxwa     
ad.根据统计数据来看,从统计学的观点来看
参考例句:
  • The sample of building permits is larger and therefore, statistically satisfying. 建筑许可数的样本比较大,所以统计数据更令人满意。
  • The results of each test would have to be statistically independent. 每次试验的结果在统计上必须是独立的。
8 insignificant k6Mx1     
adj.无关紧要的,可忽略的,无意义的
参考例句:
  • In winter the effect was found to be insignificant.在冬季,这种作用是不明显的。
  • This problem was insignificant compared to others she faced.这一问题与她面临的其他问题比较起来算不得什么。
9 bin yR2yz     
n.箱柜;vt.放入箱内;[计算机] DOS文件名:二进制目标文件
参考例句:
  • He emptied several bags of rice into a bin.他把几袋米倒进大箱里。
  • He threw the empty bottles in the bin.他把空瓶子扔进垃圾箱。
10 Christian KVByl     
adj.基督教徒的;n.基督教徒
参考例句:
  • They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
  • His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。
11 Buddhist USLy6     
adj./n.佛教的,佛教徒
参考例句:
  • The old lady fell down in adoration before Buddhist images.那老太太在佛像面前顶礼膜拜。
  • In the eye of the Buddhist,every worldly affair is vain.在佛教徒的眼里,人世上一切事情都是空的。
12 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
13 naive yFVxO     
adj.幼稚的,轻信的;天真的
参考例句:
  • It's naive of you to believe he'll do what he says.相信他会言行一致,你未免太单纯了。
  • Don't be naive.The matter is not so simple.你别傻乎乎的。事情没有那么简单。
14 unity 4kQwT     
n.团结,联合,统一;和睦,协调
参考例句:
  • When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结,并非一团和气。
  • We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前,我们必须加强团结。
15 intimacy z4Vxx     
n.熟悉,亲密,密切关系,亲昵的言行
参考例句:
  • His claims to an intimacy with the President are somewhat exaggerated.他声称自己与总统关系密切,这有点言过其实。
  • I wish there were a rule book for intimacy.我希望能有个关于亲密的规则。
16 gunpowder oerxm     
n.火药
参考例句:
  • Gunpowder was introduced into Europe during the first half of the 14th century.在14世纪上半叶,火药传入欧洲。
  • This statement has a strong smell of gunpowder.这是一篇充满火药味的声明。
17 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
18 odds n5czT     
n.让步,机率,可能性,比率;胜败优劣之别
参考例句:
  • The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
  • Do you know the odds of winning the lottery once?你知道赢得一次彩票的几率多大吗?
19 chancellor aUAyA     
n.(英)大臣;法官;(德、奥)总理;大学校长
参考例句:
  • They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
  • He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。
20 strictly GtNwe     
adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地
参考例句:
  • His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
  • The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。
21 abetter 999d32cd84e6e0159dd404f8e529edb1     
n.教唆者,怂恿者
参考例句:
  • Make them SMAART goals andand you'll have abetter chance of attaining them. 制定SMAART目标,那么你实现这些目标的机会将更大。 来自互联网
  • Betty beat abit of butter to make abetter butter. 贝蒂敲打一小块奶油要做一块更好的奶油面。 来自互联网
22 censure FUWym     
v./n.责备;非难;责难
参考例句:
  • You must not censure him until you know the whole story.在弄清全部事实真相前不要谴责他。
  • His dishonest behaviour came under severe censure.他的不诚实行为受到了严厉指责。
23 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
参考例句:
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
24 participation KS9zu     
n.参与,参加,分享
参考例句:
  • Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
  • The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。
25 illustrated 2a891807ad5907f0499171bb879a36aa     
adj. 有插图的,列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • His lecture was illustrated with slides taken during the expedition. 他在讲演中使用了探险时拍摄到的幻灯片。
  • The manufacturing Methods: Will be illustrated in the next chapter. 制作方法将在下一章说明。
26 refereeing 9ee7651f1cf61af6885190dbe5d22fae     
[计]仲裁,审稿工作,稿件评审
参考例句:
  • I've spent too much time in my career refereeing staff/line disputes. 办事人员和第一线人员常常发生争执,我为解决这种争执花费了许多时间。 来自辞典例句
  • Unfair refereeing in yesterday's match made the news again. 昨天的比赛中又爆出了“黑哨”丑闻! 来自互联网
27 differentiation wuozfs     
n.区别,区分
参考例句:
  • There can be no differentiation without contrast. 有比较才有差别。
  • The operation that is the inverse of differentiation is called integration. 与微分相反的运算叫做积分。
28 geologists 1261592151f6aa40819f7687883760a2     
地质学家,地质学者( geologist的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Geologists uncovered the hidden riches. 地质学家发现了地下的宝藏。
  • Geologists study the structure of the rocks. 地质学家研究岩石结构。
29 looming 1060bc05c0969cf209c57545a22ee156     
n.上现蜃景(光通过低层大气发生异常折射形成的一种海市蜃楼)v.隐约出现,阴森地逼近( loom的现在分词 );隐约出现,阴森地逼近
参考例句:
  • The foothills were looming ahead through the haze. 丘陵地带透过薄雾朦胧地出现在眼前。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Then they looked up. Looming above them was Mount Proteome. 接着他们往上看,在其上隐约看到的是蛋白质组山。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 回顾与展望
30 technological gqiwY     
adj.技术的;工艺的
参考例句:
  • A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
  • Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今, 随着科技进步,生活节奏不断增快。
31 impoverished 1qnzcL     
adj.穷困的,无力的,用尽了的v.使(某人)贫穷( impoverish的过去式和过去分词 );使(某物)贫瘠或恶化
参考例句:
  • the impoverished areas of the city 这个城市的贫民区
  • They were impoverished by a prolonged spell of unemployment. 他们因长期失业而一贫如洗。 来自《简明英汉词典》
32 outdated vJTx0     
adj.旧式的,落伍的,过时的;v.使过时
参考例句:
  • That list of addresses is outdated,many have changed.那个通讯录已经没用了,许多地址已经改了。
  • Many of us conform to the outdated customs laid down by our forebears.我们许多人都遵循祖先立下的过时习俗。
33 infrastructure UbBz5     
n.下部构造,下部组织,基础结构,基础设施
参考例句:
  • We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
  • We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设,发展各类群众文化。
34 structural itXw5     
adj.构造的,组织的,建筑(用)的
参考例句:
  • The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
  • The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。
35 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
36 infrastructures 1ed6c8c7e1b685a76c010966244f3a22     
n.基础设施( infrastructure的名词复数 );基础结构;行政机构;秘密机构
参考例句:
  • Public transportation termini and depots are important infrastructures for a city. 公交场站设施是城市重要的基础设施。 来自互联网
  • The increasingly fast urbanization process requires more and more infrastructures. 我国城市化进程不断加快,对城市基础设施的需求也越来越大。 来自互联网
37 justify j3DxR     
vt.证明…正当(或有理),为…辩护
参考例句:
  • He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
  • Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗?
38 journalism kpZzu8     
n.新闻工作,报业
参考例句:
  • He's a teacher but he does some journalism on the side.他是教师,可还兼职做一些新闻工作。
  • He had an aptitude for journalism.他有从事新闻工作的才能。
39 backbone ty0z9B     
n.脊骨,脊柱,骨干;刚毅,骨气
参考例句:
  • The Chinese people have backbone.中国人民有骨气。
  • The backbone is an articulate structure.脊椎骨是一种关节相连的结构。
40 narrative CFmxS     
n.叙述,故事;adj.叙事的,故事体的
参考例句:
  • He was a writer of great narrative power.他是一位颇有记述能力的作家。
  • Neither author was very strong on narrative.两个作者都不是很善于讲故事。
41 metropolitan mCyxZ     
adj.大城市的,大都会的
参考例句:
  • Metropolitan buildings become taller than ever.大城市的建筑变得比以前更高。
  • Metropolitan residents are used to fast rhythm.大都市的居民习惯于快节奏。
42 random HT9xd     
adj.随机的;任意的;n.偶然的(或随便的)行动
参考例句:
  • The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
  • On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
43 elite CqzxN     
n.精英阶层;实力集团;adj.杰出的,卓越的
参考例句:
  • The power elite inside the government is controlling foreign policy.政府内部的一群握有实权的精英控制着对外政策。
  • We have a political elite in this country.我们国家有一群政治精英。
44 dedicated duHzy2     
adj.一心一意的;献身的;热诚的
参考例句:
  • He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
  • His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。
45 biases a1eb9034f18cae637caab5279cc70546     
偏见( bias的名词复数 ); 偏爱; 特殊能力; 斜纹
参考例句:
  • Stereotypes represent designer or researcher biases and assumptions, rather than factual data. 它代表设计师或者研究者的偏见和假设,而不是实际的数据。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
  • The net effect of biases on international comparisons is easily summarized. 偏差对国际比较的基本影响容易概括。
46 gender slSyD     
n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
参考例句:
  • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
  • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
47 worthy vftwB     
adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的
参考例句:
  • I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
  • There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。
48 inaccurate D9qx7     
adj.错误的,不正确的,不准确的
参考例句:
  • The book is both inaccurate and exaggerated.这本书不但不准确,而且夸大其词。
  • She never knows the right time because her watch is inaccurate.她从来不知道准确的时间因为她的表不准。
49 merger vCJxG     
n.企业合并,并吞
参考例句:
  • Acceptance of the offer is the first step to a merger.对这项提议的赞同是合并的第一步。
  • Shareholders will be voting on the merger of the companies.股东们将投票表决公司合并问题。
50 mergers b4ab62fffa9919cbf1e93fcad6d3150c     
n.(两个公司的)合并( merger的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Mergers fall into three categories: horizontal, vertical, and conglomerate. 合并分为以下三种:横向合并,纵向合并和混合合并。 来自辞典例句
  • Many recent mergers are concentrated within specific industries, particularly in retailing, airlines and communications. 现代许多合并企业集中进行某些特定业务,在零售业、民航和通讯业中更是如此。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
51 multinational FnrzdL     
adj.多国的,多种国籍的;n.多国籍公司,跨国公司
参考例句:
  • The firm was taken over by a multinational consulting firm.这家公司被一个跨国咨询公司收购。
  • He analyzed the relationship between multinational corporations and under-developed countries.他分析了跨国公司和不发达国家之间的关系。
52 affiliates 8039227006b7ce850a1cb99be5471e50     
附属企业( affiliate的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • She affiliates with an academic society. 她是某学术团体的成员。
  • For example, these security affiliates participated in the floating of 19,000,000,000 of issues in 1927. 例如,这些证券发行机构在1927年的流通证券中,就提供了一百九十亿美元的证券。
53 multinationals 62535937a7268e716f9c1a6586b6cc78     
跨国公司( multinational的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • These local companies are only small fry compared with the huge multinationals. 同那些跨国公司比,这些当地的公司不过是小鱼小虾。
  • Some people believe that the multinationals have too much power. 有人认为跨国公司的权力太大了。
54 underlie AkSwu     
v.位于...之下,成为...的基础
参考例句:
  • Technology improvements underlie these trends.科技进步将成为此发展趋势的基础。
  • Many facts underlie my decision.我的决定是以许多事实为依据的。
55 detrimental 1l2zx     
adj.损害的,造成伤害的
参考例句:
  • We know that heat treatment is detrimental to milk.我们知道加热对牛奶是不利的。
  • He wouldn't accept that smoking was detrimental to health.他不相信吸烟有害健康。
56 scanty ZDPzx     
adj.缺乏的,仅有的,节省的,狭小的,不够的
参考例句:
  • There is scanty evidence to support their accusations.他们的指控证据不足。
  • The rainfall was rather scanty this month.这个月的雨量不足。
57 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
58 banking aySz20     
n.银行业,银行学,金融业
参考例句:
  • John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
  • He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。
59 infringements c954281a444bb04eab98d2db6b427383     
n.违反( infringement的名词复数 );侵犯,伤害
参考例句:
  • It'seems to me we've got to decide on wider issues than possible patent infringements. 我认为我们不能只考虑侵犯专利可能性这一问题,要对更大的一些问题做出决策。 来自企业管理英语口语(第二版)(2)
  • Wikipedia relies on its users to correct errors and spot copyright infringements. 维基百科主要依靠用户来纠正错误,并发现版权侵权行为。 来自互联网
60 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
61 lateral 83ey7     
adj.侧面的,旁边的
参考例句:
  • An airfoil that controls lateral motion.能够控制横向飞行的机翼。
  • Mr.Dawson walked into the court from a lateral door.道森先生从一个侧面的门走进法庭。
62 relatively bkqzS3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
63 curiously 3v0zIc     
adv.有求知欲地;好问地;奇特地
参考例句:
  • He looked curiously at the people.他好奇地看着那些人。
  • He took long stealthy strides. His hands were curiously cold.他迈着悄没声息的大步。他的双手出奇地冷。
64 passionate rLDxd     
adj.热情的,热烈的,激昂的,易动情的,易怒的,性情暴躁的
参考例句:
  • He is said to be the most passionate man.据说他是最有激情的人。
  • He is very passionate about the project.他对那个项目非常热心。
65 doctrine Pkszt     
n.教义;主义;学说
参考例句:
  • He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
  • The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。
66 juggling juggling     
n. 欺骗, 杂耍(=jugglery) adj. 欺骗的, 欺诈的 动词juggle的现在分词
参考例句:
  • He was charged with some dishonest juggling with the accounts. 他被指控用欺骗手段窜改账目。
  • The accountant went to prison for juggling his firm's accounts. 会计因涂改公司的帐目而入狱。
67 materialistic 954c43f6cb5583221bd94f051078bc25     
a.唯物主义的,物质享乐主义的
参考例句:
  • She made him both soft and materialistic. 她把他变成女性化而又实际化。
  • Materialistic dialectics is an important part of constituting Marxism. 唯物辩证法是马克思主义的重要组成部分。
68 thrift kI6zT     
adj.节约,节俭;n.节俭,节约
参考例句:
  • He has the virtues of thrift and hard work.他具备节俭和勤奋的美德。
  • His thrift and industry speak well for his future.他的节俭和勤勉预示着他美好的未来。
69 mythical 4FrxJ     
adj.神话的;虚构的;想像的
参考例句:
  • Undeniably,he is a man of mythical status.不可否认,他是一个神话般的人物。
  • Their wealth is merely mythical.他们的财富完全是虚构的。
70 full-time SsBz42     
adj.满工作日的或工作周的,全时间的
参考例句:
  • A full-time job may be too much for her.全天工作她恐怕吃不消。
  • I don't know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job.既要照顾家庭又要全天工作,我不知道她是如何对付的。
71 adventurous LKryn     
adj.爱冒险的;惊心动魄的,惊险的,刺激的 
参考例句:
  • I was filled with envy at their adventurous lifestyle.我很羨慕他们敢于冒险的生活方式。
  • He was predestined to lead an adventurous life.他注定要过冒险的生活。
72 neatly ynZzBp     
adv.整洁地,干净地,灵巧地,熟练地
参考例句:
  • Sailors know how to wind up a long rope neatly.水手们知道怎样把一条大绳利落地缠好。
  • The child's dress is neatly gathered at the neck.那孩子的衣服在领口处打着整齐的皱褶。
73 trek 9m8wi     
vi.作长途艰辛的旅行;n.长途艰苦的旅行
参考例句:
  • We often go pony-trek in the summer.夏季我们经常骑马旅行。
  • It took us the whole day to trek across the rocky terrain.我们花了一整天的时间艰难地穿过那片遍布岩石的地带。
74 sensory Azlwe     
adj.知觉的,感觉的,知觉器官的
参考例句:
  • Human powers of sensory discrimination are limited.人类感官分辨能力有限。
  • The sensory system may undergo long-term adaptation in alien environments.感觉系统对陌生的环境可能经过长时期才能适应。
75 personalities ylOzsg     
n. 诽谤,(对某人容貌、性格等所进行的)人身攻击; 人身攻击;人格, 个性, 名人( personality的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • There seemed to be a degree of personalities in her remarks.她话里有些人身攻击的成分。
  • Personalities are not in good taste in general conversation.在一般的谈话中诽谤他人是不高尚的。
76 relaxation MVmxj     
n.松弛,放松;休息;消遣;娱乐
参考例句:
  • The minister has consistently opposed any relaxation in the law.部长一向反对法律上的任何放宽。
  • She listens to classical music for relaxation.她听古典音乐放松。
77 millennium x7DzO     
n.一千年,千禧年;太平盛世
参考例句:
  • The whole world was counting down to the new millennium.全世界都在倒计时迎接新千年的到来。
  • We waited as the clock ticked away the last few seconds of the old millennium.我们静候着时钟滴答走过千年的最后几秒钟。
78 expectancy tlMys     
n.期望,预期,(根据概率统计求得)预期数额
参考例句:
  • Japanese people have a very high life expectancy.日本人的平均寿命非常长。
  • The atomosphere of tense expectancy sobered everyone.这种期望的紧张气氛使每个人变得严肃起来。
79 integration G5Pxk     
n.一体化,联合,结合
参考例句:
  • We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
  • This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。
80 synthetic zHtzY     
adj.合成的,人工的;综合的;n.人工制品
参考例句:
  • We felt the salesman's synthetic friendliness.我们感觉到那位销售员的虚情假意。
  • It's a synthetic diamond.这是人造钻石。
81 symbolic ErgwS     
adj.象征性的,符号的,象征主义的
参考例句:
  • It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
  • The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。

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