2002年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案

时间:2006-09-13 05:10:47

(单词翻译:单击)

National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(2002)

考生注意事项?
1.考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则,得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。?
2.答题前,考生应将答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考试语种”、“考生编号”等信息填写清楚,并与准考证上的一致。?
3.全国硕士研究生入学考试英语分为试题(一)、试题(二)。?
4.本试题为试题(一),共4页(1~4页)。考生必须在规定的时间内作答。?
5.试题(一)为听力部分。该部分共有A、B、C三节,所有答案都应填写或填涂在答题卡1上。A、B两节必须用蓝(黑)圆珠笔答题,注意字迹清楚。C节必须用2B铅笔按照答题卡上的要求填涂,如要改动,必须用橡皮擦干净。?
6.听力考试进行时,考生应先将答案写或标记在试题上,然后在听力部分结束前专门留出的5分钟内,将答案整洁地誊写或转涂到答题卡1上。仅写或标记在试题上不给分。?

Section I Listening Comprehension?

Directions:
This Section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accoMPAny them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.?

Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.

Now look at Part A in your test booklet.?

Part A?
Directions:

For Questions 1-5, you will hear an introduction about the life of Margaret Welch. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you've heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording1 twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)?


Welch's Personal Information
Place of Birth Philadelphia
Year of Birth 1901
Transfer to Barnard University (Year) 1920
Major at University 1
Final Degree PhD
Year of Marriage 1928
Growing Up In New Guinea Published (Year) 2
Field Study in the South Pacific (Age) 3
Main Interest 4
Professorship at Columbia Started (Year) 5
Death (Age) 77


Part B
Directions:

For questions 6-10, you will hear a talk by a well-known U.S. journalist. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)?
____________________________________________________________________________

Besides reporters, who else were camped out for days outside the speaker's home?   6

One reporter got to the speaker's apartment pretending to pay   7

The speaker believed the reporter wanted a picture of her looking

   8

Where is a correction to a false story usually placed?

   9

According to the speaker, the press will lost readers unless the editors and the news directors   10


Part C

Directions:

You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)??


Questions 11 - 13 are based on a report about children's healthy development. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 - 13.??

11. What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time?
[A] How much exercise they get every day.?
[B] What they are most worried about.?
[C] How long their parents accoMPAny them daily.?
[D] What entertainment they are interested in.??


12. The academy suggests that children under age two .?
[A] get enough entertainment.?
[B] have more activities.?
[C] receive early education.?
[D] have regular checkups.??


13. According to the report, children's bedrooms should .?
[A] be no place for play.?
[B] be near a common area.?
[C] have no TV sets.?
[D] have a computer for study.??


Questions 14 - 16 are based on the following talk about how to save money. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 - 16.??
14. According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up??
[A] Family debts. ? [B] Bank savings2.?
[C] Monthly bills. ? [D] Spending habits.

??
15. How much can a person save by retirement3 if he gives up his pack-a-day habit??
[A] $190,000.? [B] $330,000.? [C] $500,000. ? [D] $1,000,000.??


16. What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth??
[A] Invest into a mutual4 fund.?
[B] Use the discount tickets.?
[C] Quit his eating-out habit.?
[D] Use only paper bills and save coins.??


Questions 17-20 are based on an interview with Herbert A. Glieberman, a domestic-relations lawyer. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 - 20.??


17. Which word best describes the lawyer's prediction of the change in divorce rate??
[A] Fall.? [B] Rise. ? [C] V-shape.

??
18. What do people nowadays desire to do concerning their marriage??
[A] To embrace changes of thought.?
[B] To adapt to the disintegrated5 family life.?
[C] To return to the practice in the '60s and '70s.?
[D] To create stability in their lives.??


19. Why did some people choose not to divorce 20 years ago??
[A] They feared the complicated procedures.?
[B] They wanted to go against the trend.?
[C] They were afraid of losing face.?
[D] they were willing to stay together.??


20. Years ago a divorced man in a coMPAny would have .?
[A] been shifted around the country.?
[B] had difficulty being promoted.?
[C] enjoyed a happier life.?
[D] tasted little bitterness of disgrace.??


You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.?????

THIS IS THE END OF SECTION I?
DO NOT READ OR WORK ON THE NEXT SECTION?
UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO CONTINUE

Section II Use of English

Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)??


Comparisons were drawn6 between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion7 of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened ( 21 ) . As was discussed before, it was not ( 22 ) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant8 pre-electronic ( 23 ) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the ( 24 ) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution ( 25 ) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading ( 26 ) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures ( 27 ) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in ( 28 ) . It is important to do so.?

It is generally recognized, ( 29 ) , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, ( 30 ) by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically9 changed the process, ( 31 ) its impact on the media was not immediately ( 32 ) . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal" too, as well as ( 33 ) , with display becoming sharper and storage ( 34 ) increasing. They were thought of, like people, ( 35 ) generations, with the distance between generations much ( 36 ).?

It was within the computer age that the term “information society" began to be widely used to describe the ( 37 ) within which we now live. The communications revolution has ( 38 ) both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been ( 39 ) view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits"have been weighed ( 40 ) “harmful" outcomes. And generalizations10 have proved difficult.??


21. [A] between [B] before [C] since [D] later

22. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until

23. [A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure

24. [A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form

25. [A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D] picked

26. [A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off

27. [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into

28. [A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective

29. [A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D] therefore

30. [A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated12 [D] characterized

31. [A] unless [B] since [C] lest [D] although

32. [A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible

33. [A] institution [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental

34. [A] ability [B] capability13 [C] capacity [D] faculty

35. [A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] with regard to[D] in line with

36. [A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller

37. [A] context [B] range [C] scope [D] territory

38. [A] regarded [B] impressed [C] influenced [D] effected

39. [A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational14

40. [A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with


Section III Reading Comprehension

Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)?


Text 1?


If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in syMPAthy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.?

Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful,polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps15 over to a table by himself. “Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. “On, that's God," came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."?

If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible16 canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging17 remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats18 like the Post Office or the telephone system.?

If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently19 off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow20 or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.

?

Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. (447 words)??


41. To make your humor work, you should . ?
[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience.?
[B] make fun of the disorganized people.?
[C] address different problems to different people.?
[D] show syMPAthy for your listeners.??


42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are .?
[A] impolite to new arrivals.?
[B] very conscious of their godlike role.?
[C] entitled to some privileges.?
[D] very busy even during lunch hours.??

43. It can be inferred from the text that public services .?
[A] have benefited many people.?
[B] are the focus of public attention.?
[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor.?
[D] have often been the laughing stock.??


44. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered .?
[A] in well-worded language.?
[B] as awkwardly as possible.?
[C] in exaggerated statements.?
[D] as casually21 as possible.??


45. The best title for the text may be .?
[A] Use Humor Effectively.?
[B] Various Kinds of Humor.?
[C] Add Humor to Speech.?
[D] Different Humor Strategies.?


Text 2?


Since the dawn of human ingenuity22, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities23 on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.?

As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor24. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking25 is done at automated26 teller27 terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bonesurgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.?

But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision28 and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world."?

Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor29 circuits and microprocessors30 might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.?

What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain'sroughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously31 imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant32, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding33 forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it. ??


46. Human ingenuity was initially34 demonstrated in .?
[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction.?
[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.?
[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.?
[D] the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.?

?
47. The word “gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means .
[A] programs.? [B] experts.? [C] devices. ? [D] creatures.??


48. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can .?
[A] fulfill35 delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.?
[B] interact with human beings verbally.?
[C] have a little common sense.?
[D] respond independently to a changing world.??


49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also .?
[A] make a few decisions for themselves.?
[B] deal with some errors with human intervention36.?
[C] improve factory environments.?
[D] cultivate human creativity.??


50. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are .
[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure.?
[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately.?
[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.?
[D] best used in a controlled environment.


Text 3?


Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digitinflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom37 this time??

The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.?

Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail38 price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.?

Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, it oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, coMPAred with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.?

One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. ??


51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is .?
[A] global inflation.? [B] reduction in supply.?
[C] fast growth in economy.? [D] Iraq's suspension of exports.??


52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if .?
[A] price of crude rises.? [B] commodity prices rise.
[C] consumption rises. ? [D] oil taxes rise.?


53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries .
[A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive.?
[B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices.?
[C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed.?
[D] oil price changes have no significant iMPAct on GDP.??


54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that .?
[A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now.?
[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks.?
[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices.?
[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry.??


55. From the text we can see that the writer seems .?
[A] optimistic. ? [B] sensitive.? [C] gloomy. ? [D] scared.?


Text 4?


The Supreme39 Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.?

Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect," a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible40 if the actor intends only the good effect.?

Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify41 using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.?

Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation42 to control their pain if that might hasten death."?

George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate43 medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “It's like surgery," he says. “We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."?

On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.?

Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.?

The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.?

Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent that it constitutes “systematic44 patient abuse." He says medical licensing45 boards “must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently46 managed and should result in license47 suspension."

??

56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that .?
[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain.
[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.?
[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.?
[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.??


57. Which of the following statements its true according to the text??
[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients' death.?
[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.?
[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.?
[D] A doctor's medication is no longer justified48 by his intentions.

??
58. According to the NAS's report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is .?
[A] prolonged medical procedures.?
[B] inadequate49 treatment of pain.?
[C] systematic drug abuse.?
[D] insufficient50 hospital care.??


59. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive" (line 3, paragraph 7)??
[A] Bold. ? [B] Harmful. ? [C] Careless. ?[D]Desperate.??


60. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they .?
[A] manage their patients incompetently.?
[B] give patients more medicine than needed.?
[C] reduce drug dosages for their patients.?
[D] prolong the needless suffering of the patients.


Part B


Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)??


Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. 61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. 62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze51. 63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated52 only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organis m and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched53. Freedom and dignity illustrate54 the difficulty. 64) They are the possessions of the autonomous55 (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values." Who will use a technology and to what ends?

65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.


Section IV Writing?

66. Directions:
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures —National and International".?

In the essay you should?

1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and?

2) give your comment on the phenomenon.?

You should write about 200 words neatly56 on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)


An American girl in traditional Chinese costume(服装)

参考答案

21.选[A]。解答此题需要分析句子间的逻辑关系。第二句中的第一个词"Yet"表明了本句是对第一句内容的转折。第一句讲到20世纪电视的发展和15世纪、16世纪与20世纪之间的年代发生的事。同时,第三句中出现的19世纪也确定了本题的选择为[A]between, 指这两个时间段中间的年代。

22.选[D]。本题考查it is … that…强调句型。下文not until结构,被强调的部分是not until引导的时间状语。

23.选[C]。本题考查词义辨析。所给四个单词都有"方法,手段"的意思,但medium还有"媒体"的意思,正文正好用来指newspaper,因为newspaper是一种"媒体"。Medium的复数形式是media。

24.选[B]。本题需要对比两个短语:in the wake of 和in the company of.前者的意思是"在……之后",后者的意思是"与……同时"。company在此句中的意思是"陪伴,伴随"。本句表明传单和书出现在报纸之前,而期刊是和报纸同时出现的。

25.选[B]。本题考查词义辨析。Speed up是"加速"的意思。本句讲的是19世纪通讯革命的发展。从句意来看,只能选[B]。

26.选[A]。本题考查副词on表"继续"的用法。本句讲19世纪通讯革命的发展,从交通、铁路开始, 发展到电报、电话、无线电和电影,直到20世纪的汽车和飞机。从这三个阶段可看出本题只能选[A]。

27.选[D]。本题考查介词的意义。由空格后的20th century world及与之相搭配的动词lead来看,[D]into是正确选项。

28.选[D]。本题考查固定搭配的用法。in perspective是固定短语,意思是"正确地"。本句的意思是:并不是所有的人都正确地认识了这一过程。本段最后一句指出"正确认识这一过程是很重要的"。

29.选[C]。本题考查副词的用法。从文章整体内容来看,文章每一段都谈到了不同的内容。第二段涉及电脑,并且在第一句就指出急剧地改变了第一段中提到的通讯革命,由此可以判断出这里应填入表示转折意味的副词,因此只能选[C]however。注意本题中的标点给了一定的解题线索,但是选项[D]there fore在标点符号的运用上与however是相同的,因此,要做出最后的判断还要依赖于对文章内容的理解。

30.选[B]。本题要求区分词义并考查一定的常识。所给四个选项的意思分别是[A]brought带来,[B]followed跟随其后的是……。常识知识告诉我们最早的电脑是在20世纪初期出现的,而20世纪60年代(即1960)出现了集成电路(integrated circuit),所以两者出现的时间顺序很明显,电脑在先,集成电路在后,因此,正确选项是[B]followed。

31.选[D]。本题要求区分连词的意义。所给四个连词的意思分别是:[A]unless除非;[B]since自从,由于;[C]lest以防;[D]although 虽然。从文章内容来看,该处连词引导的分句应表示与全句相对立的内容,表明"电脑对媒体的作用没有立刻显现出来",所以[D]although是正确选项。

32.选[A]。本题要求区分形容词词义。所给四个选项的意思分别是[A]apparent明显的,副面的;[B]desirable让人产生欲望的……;[C]negative消极的,副面的;[D]plausible 合理的。从文章内容来看,只有[A]为正确选项。

33.选[A]。本题要求区分形容词词义及对文章内容的理解。所给四个选项的意思分别是[A]institutional机构性的,团体性的;[B]universal普遍的;[C]fundamental根本的;[D]instrumental工具性的。本题的解题要点是要判断as well as前后的两个形容词的关系。as well as是一个并列连接短语,连接两个对等成份,而能与personal在意思上对等的词只有[A]institutional,分别指"个人电脑"和大机构团体用的电脑。

34.选[C]。本题要求区分同义词。storage的意思是"存储",因此后面的词要表示可存储的能力,即"容量,容积"的意思。所给四个选项中只有[C]capacity有此意项。

35.选[B]。本题要求区分介词短语。[A]by means of通过……方式;[B]in terms of在……方面,以……说法;[C]with regard to关于……;[D]in line with与……一致。本句要表达的意思是:就象描述人一样,电脑也用"代"来描述,因此此处要填入的介词短语要表达"用……说法来描绘"的意思,只能填入[B]项。

36.选[D]。本题要求区分修饰名词的形容词。所给四个选项中只有small才能修饰distance.注意distance这样的词不能用法语中的"远、近"来修饰,而只能用"small, big"来修饰。正如price不能用cheap和expensive来修饰一样。

37.选[A]。本题要求区分名词。[A]context情况,境况;[B]range范围;[C]scope范围;[D]territory领域,领土。从文章内容来看,空格处要填入的词应是表达与"society"(社会)同义的词,且能够和live within搭配,所以只有[A]为正确选项。

38.选[C]。本题要求区分动词。[A]regard以为……;[B]impress给……留下印象;[C]influence影响;[D]effect使实施。文章要表达的意思是"通讯革命对工作、休闲以及我们思考和感受时空的方式都产生了影响",所以[C]是正确选项。

39.选[B]。本题要求区分形容词。所给四个选项的意思分别是[A]competitive竞争性的;[B]controversial有争议的,可能引起争论的;[C]distracting转移注意力的;[D] irrational不理智的。从文章内容来看,只有[B]是修饰views(观点)的最佳选项。

40.选[C]。本题要求区分介词词义。空格前后的benefits和harmful outcomes(有害结果)是对立关系,四个选项中能够体现这种关系的介词只有[C]against.


第三部分:
41.选[C]。本题是一个概述性题目,不考查细节。文章的第一句指出,"要想在讲话的时候使用幽默让他人发笑,你必须要知道如何辨明听众共同的经历和问题。"第三句又指出"问题又因听众不同而不同"。综合这两句话的意思,即是[C]项表述的意思。[B]项是从具体的事例而来,不确切。[D]是对文章第一段第二句中"in sympathy with their point of view"的曲解,文章的意思是"赞同他们的观点",而不是[D]项所表述的"同情你的听众"。[A]是一个强干扰项,意思是"利用不同种类的听众"。但从文章内容来看,要使幽默有效的方法不是"利用听众",而是[C]所表达的"与不同的人谈不同的问题"。

42.选[B]。文章第二段的最后的两句为本题提供了线索,表明了护士对医生的看法,即[B]项表达的内容"医生对他们上帝般的角色有清醒的认识。"

43.选[D]。文章第三段的最后一句指出,"(与谈论食堂或主席相比),如果你谈论象邮政服务或电话系统之类的替罪羊会更安全。"由此可推断出公共服务部门经常是资料,即[D]项表述的内容,其他三项都是对文章内容不确切的表达。

44.选[D]。文章第四段中的"natural, casual, off-the-cuff(临时的)relaxed, unforced manner"为本题提供了线索,表明[D]项"尽可能地随意"为正确选项。

45.选[A]。所给四个选项的意思是[A]有效地使用幽默策略。从整篇文章的内容来看,文章通过大量的具体实例说明有效地使用幽默的方法是对不同的人谈论不同的问题。[D]项是一个强干扰项,但文章给的幽默策略就一个,而不是几个不同的策略,所以[D]项是不确切的。

46.选[C]。文章的第一句为本题提供了线索。原文中的devised换成了正确选项中的invention,work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty=difficult and dangerous work。[D]项是强干扰项,elite是"精英"的意思,文章没有提及精英人士如何使用聪明的手段来做危险无聊的工作。其他二项[A]、[B]都是对文章内容错误的表达。

47.选[C]。文章第二段指出那种智能型gizmo的出现极大地减少了人类劳动,第二段又给出了具体的事例来说明这种gizmo的作用。可见这种gizmo不是人(专家),也不是动物(creatures),也不是程序(programs),而是机器人,但机器人也属于"器械工具"的类别,即devices。

48.选[D]。首先要读懂题目。该题问的是:现在超出人类能力范围之内的工作是要设计一个机器人,它能……"。文章第三段最后一句是本题解题的关键。本句指出"我们现在不能让机器人具有足够的"常识",从而使它们与变化的世界发生可靠的互动"。原句中reliably internet with a dynamic world换成了正确选项中的respond independently to a changing world.文章第二段指出有些机器人能够执行如脑部形科手术这样的细微任务,所以[A]项错误,[B]项"和人类进行语言互动"在文章中没有提及,[C]项中的a little错误。

49.选[B]。文章第三段第二句为本题提供了线索。机器人能够处理某个特定错误是我们告诉它们该如何做的,也就是human interventin(人类干预)的结果。[A]项是一个强干扰项,但第三段第一句的时态是将来时,表示一种没有实现的活动或设想,此句表明机器人还不能够自己做出决定,所以该项也是错误的。[C]、[D]两项是对文章内容错误的表述。

50.选[C]。文章最后一段的倒数第二句用了猴子的例子。使用该例是要说明"the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant(人脑能够扫视一个快速变化的场景,还能迅速忽略那些占总量98%的不相关的内容)换句话就是说机器人还没有这样的能力,因此把上述意思换成否定就是[C]项,就专注于相关信息而言,机器人比人脑差远了。

51.选[B]。题目问的是:最近油价上涨的主要原因是什么?文章第二句给出了答案,即supply cuts.[D]项是一个强干扰项。文章第二段第一句表明本周伊拉克暂缓石油出口又使油 价上涨,但需要考虑的是题目间的油价上涨向往主要原因,所以[D]项是不确切的。[A]、[C]两项的内容在文中没有提及。

52.选[D]。文章第三段第二句指出原油价格只是看油价格中的一小部分。第三句则以欧洲的例子说明税收高达石油零售价的五分之四。由此可以推断出[A]项"原油价格上升"是错误的,而[D]项"石油税上升"是正确的选项。[B]、[C]两项的文章中没有明确阐述。

53.选[D]。文章的内容第四段第五句中的数字0.25-0.5%表明在富裕国家石油价格的变化不会对GDP(国内生产总值)产生重大影响。解答此题时要先抓住题眼"Economic Outlook"这本杂志的名称,然后快速在文章中定位该题眼,仔细分析它所表述的意思。

54.选[A]。本题是推理性题目,所得出的结论肯定是没有在文中明确表述过的。从文章最后一段来看,石油价格的冲击不再那么令人震惊了,因为作者说"我们不能为石油价格的上涨而失眠的另一个原因是石油价格上涨没有发生在整体农产品价格膨胀和全球需求过度的环境下,这与20世纪70个代的石油涨价不同"。这句也表明[B]项"通货膨胀似乎和油价冲击无关"是错误的选项。[C]、[D]两项的内容在文章中没有表述。

55.选[A]。本题要求推断作者的语气和态度。文章最后一段是最明显的线索。另外第三段第一句也指出"Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s (但也有很好的理由盼望现在的经济后果会比二十世纪七十年代的情况乐观)第四段第一句也表明了对石油涨价后果持乐观态度的原因,因为"Rich economies are also less dependent on ill then they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price(富有经济体对石油的依赖性较以前有所下降,因而对石油价格变动的敏感度也降低。)

56.选[B]。文章第二段第一句是本题的解题线索。最高法院判决由医生帮助的自杀是不符合宪法的,因此病人和医生都没有权利采取这样的行动。[A]项是对文章第三段第一句内容的错误理解,本项中的used to do sth.表示"以前做过……"。[C]项与文章内容不符。[D]项suicied前没有定语修饰词physician-assisted,因而也是不确切的。

57.选[C]。文章第五段第一句是本题的线索,本句的大意是:高剂量的去痛药可由医生开处方。[A]项"如果医生冒险让病人死亡,他们就会被发现有罪"与原文内容不符。[B]项"现代医药帮助晚期病人无痛苦恢复"明显错误。[D]项"医生的用药不能由他的用意来决定"也是明显错误的。

58.选[B]。文章第七段最后一句是本题线索,表明了临终关怀的两个问题。一是under treatment of pain(对痛苦缺乏治疗),二是无效的,强加的医疗程序延长甚至抵毁了死亡时间。[B]项中的inadequate treatment相当于under treatment。[A]项是强干扰项,意思是"拖长的医疗程序",但原文指的是无效的医疗程度会拖长病人的死亡时间,而不是说这些医疗程度被拖长了。所以[A]项错误。

59.选[A]。文章第七段最后一句中的ineffectual和forced表明了aggressive的意思,即"无效的,强加于人的"。所给四个选项中只有[A]bold(大胆的,鲁莽的)意思与此意接近。其他三项都不符合。

60.选[D]。文章最后一段最后一句是本题的线索。Annals认为"医学证书委员会"必须声明病人痛苦死亡是由不合格的管理引起的,其结果是要暂停医生的执业执照"。所给四个选项中只有[D]项提及了病人不必要受的痛苦,为正确选项。

61.翻译难点
1)表语从句的主句是almost all of what is called behavioral science,可翻译为"所谓的行为科学。"
2)trace…to…意为"追溯……的根源"。
3)state of mind心态,traits of character性格特点(征)。
参考译文:困难之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎都依旧从心态、情感、性格、特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

62.翻译难点
1)Partly because部分原因(由于)。原因状语从句在句末可采用"之所以……是因为……的翻译句式。
2)explanatory items解释依据(证据)。
参考译文:行为科学之所以发展缓慢,部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的,部分原因是其他的解释一直很难找到。

63.翻译难点
1)两分句之间虽然由and连接,但意思上都是对比的,因此翻译成"然而"。
2)a litlle more仅仅
3)介词短语in edition(在进化中),in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual(塑造和保持个体行为中)都翻译成状语。
4)formulate明确地表达,阐明参考译文:自然选择在进化中的作用仅仅在一百多年前才得以阐明,而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。

64.翻译难点
1)They 指前一句中的freedom and dignity(自由和尊严),可翻译出,也可翻成"它们"。
2)of traditional theory 翻成man的定语"传统理论中的自主人"。
3)practices(做法),意义抽象,可活译。
参考译文:自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论中的自主人所拥有的财产,也是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并且因其业绩给予肯定时所必需的。

65.翻译难点
1)until引导从句,主句用肯定形式,可翻译成"如果……不……"。
2)it指研究行为的技术手段受排斥这件事。
3)and引导的是一个省略句,补充完整是with it possibly the only way to solved our problems will also continue to be rejected.
参考译文:(如果)这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题的惟一方式也可能随之继续受到排斥。

第四部分 写作
            Cultures--National and International
  In this picture, there is an American girl in traditional Chinese costumes. Wearing typically Chinese head wears and a red-and-white-patterned blouse, the girl looks very beautiful with a sweet smile on her face.
  The picture shows national cultures have no boundary and may be appreciated and shared by people from other cultural backgrounds. As can be seen from the picture, the traditional Chinese costume which the American girl has on suits her very well and the girl's smile indicates. She enjoys wearing this costume very much. As part of Chinese national culture, the costume's being accepted and appreciated by the girl mirrors how the national culture develops in this increasingly multicultural57 world where different cultures keep interacting with each other.
  With the intensification58 of the globalization process, the interaction of different cultures has become an inexorable trend. For one thing, the worldwide economic globalization has enhanced exchanges between different cultures in such a way as the inflow and outflow of talents over national boundaries. For another, as a dynamic entity59, the national culture itself has to go internationally-oriented in order to alive further development. To get internationally accepted and appeared, the national culture must uphold the best of its traditions and values and draw on the very good points of other cultures. Only in this way can the national culture remain an open process that is capable of further development.
(228words)

评注:文章严格遵守所给题纲,内容全面,(论点新颖)论述逻辑性强,句式灵活,语言精确。
1)第一段就图画的内容进行了细致的描述。第一句话用there be结构,第二句正确地运用了现在分词短语,句式得体。
2)第二段就图画的含义进行论述。第一句是本段的主题句,指出一国文化没有国界,可以被其他文化的人民欣赏和吸收。第二句as使用恰当,定语从句和宾语从名的使用的很灵活。
3)第三段就上述文化现象进行评论,给予两条原因,分别用for one thing和for another来引导,具有很强的逻辑性。另外,本段语言精炼。最后一句用一个倒装句巧妙地结束了全文。



                2002年1月研究生入学考试听力

Part A
  Margaret Welch was born in Philadelplia in 1901. She began her studies at Depore University in 1919, but after a year, she transferred to study at Barnard University, majoring in sociology. She received her undergraduate degree from Barnard in 1923. She automatically acquired a Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1929. She married Dr. Reel Fortune in 1928.Together they wrote Growing Up in New Guinea, published in 1930. Welch worked with her husband on another book, called Darlinea's Character that was published in 1942. At the age of 23, Dr. Welch undertook a field study in the South Pacific. The experience resulted in her writing of a highly popular book Coming of Age in Samovar, published in 1928. Dr. Welch's interests and writings centered on religions. She worked in the Department of Anthropology60 at the American Museum of Natural History from 1926 through to the end of her life. She was a professor of anthropology at Columbia, starting in the year of 1954 working with her odd associate Ruth Benedict. She wrote a book entitled An Anthropologist61 at Work about Benedict. It was published in 1959. Margaret welch died in 1978.

Part B
  When I was getting divorced in 1975, reporters and cameramen were camped out for days in the lobby and on the sidewalk outside. They came from all over the country. Foreign reporters, too. It was terrible. My neighbors could barely get in and out of the building. One reporter, who had been a friend of mine, got up to my apartment after persuading the doorman into believing that he was there on a personal visit. I wouldn't let him in:"He just wanted to talk,"he said. I was certain that he had a camera and wanted a picture of me looking depressed62. TV is the worst. TV reporters present themselves having the perfect right to be anywhere, to ask any question. It doesn't matter how personal the mather may be. People don't trust the press the way they used to. In most cases, stories are sensationalized in order to attract more public attention. Some papers present things that are simply not true. In many papers, if a correction has to be made, if it usually buried among advertisements. I received hundreds of letters from people asking me "How do you know what's true in the press these days?" I find it difficult to respond sometimes. I tell them that there are good newspapers and serious responsible and honest reporters. Don't judge all of us by the standards of the bad ones. Unless the guys are on the top, the editors and news directors take firm action, presuming no one is going to believe anything they read in the papers or see on television news.

Part C

Question 11-13
  Next time you bring your kids in for a checkup, don't be surprised if the doctor asks about their tastes and entertainment. The American Academy of Medicine suggested last week that doctors work with parents to evaluate how much TV kids watch and what they see, what video and computer games they play, which website they visit on the internet, whether they play, website they visit on the Internet, whether they view R-rated videos with the company of their parents, what music they like and what books they read. Doctors are worried that kids who spend too much time in front of the tube don't get enough exercise and can become overweight. The Academy is also concerned that the message the kids get from entertainment media can make them more violent and sexually active. The Academy recommends that children under age two not watch any TV."Children need activities to stimulate11 the brain during the first two years of life", says Doctor Marien Barren, who chair the Academy's Committee on public education. "They need feedback and socialization. Older children," she says, "should watch TV in a common area. Their dedrooms should be electronic media free zones where they could have a quiet place to read, study, play or just relax.

Questions 14-16
  If you are in your twenties, you own your first car, your career is more or less launched, and you are starting looking forward to owning a home, but you're worried, too. Perhaps you've got some debt. You probably don't have much in the way of savings. And without your expenses, it doesn't look like you will be able to improve the situation soon. If you wonder how to cut corners, there's an obvious place to look at your spending habits. Do you buy a soda63 each weekend? Waste one dollar a day for forty years and when you set to retire, you find your account short by one hundred and ninety thousand dollars. Grab the calculator and you discover that over forty years going out to dinner twice a month at forty dollars each time, a month to have a million. Even a pack-a-day cigarettes habit will lighter64 your retirement account by three hundred and thirty thousand dollars. And the some with cable TV. And those cool areas. They will probably amount to as much as one million. So, the first clue to accumulating wealth is this-focus on your spending habits. Here are a couple of tricks to help you save even if you swear you can't afford to. Start buying things that fall rather than rise in value, pay yourself first. Before you pay the monthly bills, send 25 dollars to a mutual fund. Stop spending coins. From now on, spend only paper currency and keep the change every day. Get your family involved, and you'll double your saving. Use discount tickets at the supermarket, but we them correctly, How? If you really want to make these tickets worth while, you actually must invest into your mutual fund the amount you save by using the ficklest65. Otherwise, you're wasting your time and your money.

Questions 17-20
  Interviewer: Mr. Glieberman, do you see any change in high rate of broken marriages?
Glieberman: The divorce rate is beginning to level off and probably will begin to drop in the next year or two, though not significantly. The tightened66 economy has made it more difficult for troubled couples to handle all their costs associated with setting up separate households. Also, I believe there is a comeback of thought after the turbulent 60s and 70s that the family does have valve. In the midst of change and family disintegration67, people seem to have a greater desire now to create stability in their lives.

  Interviewer: What is the divorce rate now?

  Glieberman: About one in three marriages ends in divorce, a ratio far higher than it was twenty years ago when the philosophy was"we will sort it out no matter what." Society demands that for appearance's sake we stay together. Divorce no longer carries much disgrace. There is no way, for example, that Ronald Reagan, a divorced man, could have been elected president in 1960, And there are countless68 other divorced politicians who, years age, would have been voted out of office if they had even considered a divorce, let alone gotten one. The same was true in the corporate69 structure where divorced people rarely moved up the executive ladder. Now corporations welcome a divorced man because they can shift him around the country without worrying about relocating his family or making certain that they are happy.

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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 recording UktzJj     
n.录音,记录
参考例句:
  • How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间?
  • I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。
2 savings ZjbzGu     
n.存款,储蓄
参考例句:
  • I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假,那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
  • By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时,他的存款已全部用完。
3 retirement TWoxH     
n.退休,退职
参考例句:
  • She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
  • I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。
4 mutual eFOxC     
adj.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的
参考例句:
  • We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
  • Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。
5 disintegrated e36fb4ffadd6df797ee64cbd05a02790     
v.(使)破裂[分裂,粉碎],(使)崩溃( disintegrate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The plane disintegrated as it fell into the sea. 飞机坠入大海时解体了。
  • The box was so old;it just disintegrated when I picked it up. 那箱子太破旧了,我刚一提就散了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
参考例句:
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
7 diffusion dl4zm     
n.流布;普及;散漫
参考例句:
  • The invention of printing helped the diffusion of learning.印刷术的发明有助于知识的传播。
  • The effect of the diffusion capacitance can be troublesome.扩散电容会引起麻烦。
8 dominant usAxG     
adj.支配的,统治的;占优势的;显性的;n.主因,要素,主要的人(或物);显性基因
参考例句:
  • The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
  • She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。
9 radically ITQxu     
ad.根本地,本质地
参考例句:
  • I think we may have to rethink our policies fairly radically. 我认为我们可能要对我们的政策进行根本的反思。
  • The health service must be radically reformed. 公共医疗卫生服务必须进行彻底改革。
10 generalizations 6a32b82d344d5f1487aee703a39bb639     
一般化( generalization的名词复数 ); 普通化; 归纳; 概论
参考例句:
  • But Pearlson cautions that the findings are simply generalizations. 但是波尔森提醒人们,这些发现是简单的综合资料。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 大脑与疾病
  • They were of great service in correcting my jejune generalizations. 他们纠正了我不成熟的泛泛之论,帮了我大忙。
11 stimulate wuSwL     
vt.刺激,使兴奋;激励,使…振奋
参考例句:
  • Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
  • Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。
12 stimulated Rhrz78     
a.刺激的
参考例句:
  • The exhibition has stimulated interest in her work. 展览增进了人们对她作品的兴趣。
  • The award has stimulated her into working still harder. 奖金促使她更加努力地工作。
13 capability JsGzZ     
n.能力;才能;(pl)可发展的能力或特性等
参考例句:
  • She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
  • Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。
14 irrational UaDzl     
adj.无理性的,失去理性的
参考例句:
  • After taking the drug she became completely irrational.她在吸毒后变得完全失去了理性。
  • There are also signs of irrational exuberance among some investors.在某些投资者中是存在非理性繁荣的征象的。
15 stomps 37476f6ed0f1e73477f979f099a60b02     
v.跺脚,践踏,重踏( stomp的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • This one ends the world, stomps on it, grinds it up and spits it out. 这一部又把世界给终结了,践踏了地球,还碾压她,然后再把她吐出来。 来自互联网
16 inedible PQQzU     
adj.不能吃的,不宜食用的
参考例句:
  • The food was totally inedible.食物完全无法下咽。
  • These chemicals make the fruit inedible.这些化学品使这种水果不宜食用。
17 disparaging 5589d0a67484d25ae4f178ee277063c4     
adj.轻蔑的,毁谤的v.轻视( disparage的现在分词 );贬低;批评;非难
参考例句:
  • Halliday's comments grew daily more and more sparklingly disagreeable and disparaging. 一天天过去,哈里代的评论越来越肆无忌惮,越来越讨人嫌,越来越阴损了。 来自英汉文学 - 败坏赫德莱堡
  • Even with favorable items they would usually add some disparaging comments. 即使对好消息,他们也往往要加上几句诋毁的评语。 来自互联网
18 scapegoats 5453a1fe02c2896799f8cdc483a41753     
n.代人受过的人,替罪羊( scapegoat的名词复数 )v.使成为替罪羊( scapegoat的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • They were made the scapegoats for the misfire of the program. 他们成了那个计划失败的替罪羊。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • Only some of the guards and a minor hotel employee, chosen as scapegoats, were imprisoned. 只有一些保镖和那个旅馆的小职员当了替罪羊,被关进了监狱。 来自辞典例句
19 apparently tMmyQ     
adv.显然地;表面上,似乎
参考例句:
  • An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽,豁然开朗。
  • He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
20 eyebrow vlOxk     
n.眉毛,眉
参考例句:
  • Her eyebrow is well penciled.她的眉毛画得很好。
  • With an eyebrow raised,he seemed divided between surprise and amusement.他一只眉毛扬了扬,似乎既感到吃惊,又觉有趣。
21 casually UwBzvw     
adv.漠不关心地,无动于衷地,不负责任地
参考例句:
  • She remarked casually that she was changing her job.她当时漫不经心地说要换工作。
  • I casually mentioned that I might be interested in working abroad.我不经意地提到我可能会对出国工作感兴趣。
22 ingenuity 77TxM     
n.别出心裁;善于发明创造
参考例句:
  • The boy showed ingenuity in making toys.那个小男孩做玩具很有创造力。
  • I admire your ingenuity and perseverance.我钦佩你的别出心裁和毅力。
23 capabilities f7b11037f2050959293aafb493b7653c     
n.能力( capability的名词复数 );可能;容量;[复数]潜在能力
参考例句:
  • He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大,自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
  • Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为,标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
24 labor P9Tzs     
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
参考例句:
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
25 banking aySz20     
n.银行业,银行学,金融业
参考例句:
  • John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
  • He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。
26 automated fybzf9     
a.自动化的
参考例句:
  • The entire manufacturing process has been automated. 整个生产过程已自动化。
  • Automated Highway System (AHS) is recently regarded as one subsystem of Intelligent Transport System (ITS). 近年来自动公路系统(Automated Highway System,AHS),作为智能运输系统的子系统之一越来越受到重视。
27 teller yggzeP     
n.银行出纳员;(选举)计票员
参考例句:
  • The bank started her as a teller.银行起用她当出纳员。
  • The teller tried to remain aloof and calm.出纳员力图保持冷漠和镇静。
28 supervision hr6wv     
n.监督,管理
参考例句:
  • The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
  • The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。
29 transistor WnFwS     
n.晶体管,晶体管收音机
参考例句:
  • This make of transistor radio is small and beautifully designed.这半导体收音机小巧玲珑。
  • Every transistor has at least three electrodes.每个晶体管至少有三个电极。
30 microprocessors 937cb6d36748cbbe6ff19e715f8bfcc4     
微(信息)处理机( microprocessor的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • This sort of work would have been inconceivable before the advent of microprocessors. 在微处理机问世之前这种工作是难以想象的。
  • In microprocessors, the name used for the IEEE interface bus standard. 微处理机中,IEEE接口总线标准的名字。
31 previously bkzzzC     
adv.以前,先前(地)
参考例句:
  • The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
  • Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿,解释原先发生了什么。
32 irrelevant ZkGy6     
adj.不恰当的,无关系的,不相干的
参考例句:
  • That is completely irrelevant to the subject under discussion.这跟讨论的主题完全不相关。
  • A question about arithmetic is irrelevant in a music lesson.在音乐课上,一个数学的问题是风马牛不相及的。
33 winding Ue7z09     
n.绕,缠,绕组,线圈
参考例句:
  • A winding lane led down towards the river.一条弯弯曲曲的小路通向河边。
  • The winding trail caused us to lose our orientation.迂回曲折的小道使我们迷失了方向。
34 initially 273xZ     
adv.最初,开始
参考例句:
  • The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
  • Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。
35 fulfill Qhbxg     
vt.履行,实现,完成;满足,使满意
参考例句:
  • If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了,你就要履行你的诺言。
  • This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。
36 intervention e5sxZ     
n.介入,干涉,干预
参考例句:
  • The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
  • Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。
37 doom gsexJ     
n.厄运,劫数;v.注定,命定
参考例句:
  • The report on our economic situation is full of doom and gloom.这份关于我们经济状况的报告充满了令人绝望和沮丧的调子。
  • The dictator met his doom after ten years of rule.独裁者统治了十年终于完蛋了。
38 retail VWoxC     
v./n.零售;adv.以零售价格
参考例句:
  • In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。
  • These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。
39 supreme PHqzc     
adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的
参考例句:
  • It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
  • He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
40 permissible sAIy1     
adj.可允许的,许可的
参考例句:
  • Is smoking permissible in the theatre?在剧院里允许吸烟吗?
  • Delay is not permissible,even for a single day.不得延误,即使一日亦不可。
41 justify j3DxR     
vt.证明…正当(或有理),为…辩护
参考例句:
  • He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
  • Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗?
42 mediation 5Cxxl     
n.调解
参考例句:
  • The dispute was settled by mediation of the third country. 这场争端通过第三国的斡旋而得以解决。
  • The dispute was settled by mediation. 经调解使争端得以解决。
43 legitimate L9ZzJ     
adj.合法的,合理的,合乎逻辑的;v.使合法
参考例句:
  • Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
  • That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。
44 systematic SqMwo     
adj.有系统的,有计划的,有方法的
参考例句:
  • The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
  • The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。
45 licensing 7352ce0b4e0665659ae6466c18decb2a     
v.批准,许可,颁发执照( license的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • A large part of state regulation consists of occupational licensing. 大部分州的管理涉及行业的特许批准。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
  • That licensing procedures for projects would move faster. 这样的工程批准程序一定会加快。 来自辞典例句
46 incompetently d689e3ceec59915ccb303733b0b65eba     
adv.无能力地
参考例句:
  • He did the job rather incompetently. 这项工作他做的相当不好。 来自互联网
  • When the Republicans have stuck by their principles, they have done so incompetently. 当共和党忠于其原则时,他们是如此无能。 来自互联网
47 license B9TzU     
n.执照,许可证,特许;v.许可,特许
参考例句:
  • The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
  • The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。
48 justified 7pSzrk     
a.正当的,有理的
参考例句:
  • She felt fully justified in asking for her money back. 她认为有充分的理由要求退款。
  • The prisoner has certainly justified his claims by his actions. 那个囚犯确实已用自己的行动表明他的要求是正当的。
49 inadequate 2kzyk     
adj.(for,to)不充足的,不适当的
参考例句:
  • The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
  • She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。
50 insufficient L5vxu     
adj.(for,of)不足的,不够的
参考例句:
  • There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
  • In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代,科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。
51 analyze RwUzm     
vt.分析,解析 (=analyse)
参考例句:
  • We should analyze the cause and effect of this event.我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
  • The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.老师设法分析我们失败的原因。
52 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
53 entrenched MtGzk8     
adj.确立的,不容易改的(风俗习惯)
参考例句:
  • Television seems to be firmly entrenched as the number one medium for national advertising.电视看来要在全国广告媒介中牢固地占据头等位置。
  • If the enemy dares to attack us in these entrenched positions,we will make short work of them.如果敌人胆敢进攻我们固守的阵地,我们就消灭他们。
54 illustrate IaRxw     
v.举例说明,阐明;图解,加插图
参考例句:
  • The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
  • This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。
55 autonomous DPyyv     
adj.自治的;独立的
参考例句:
  • They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
  • This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。
56 neatly ynZzBp     
adv.整洁地,干净地,灵巧地,熟练地
参考例句:
  • Sailors know how to wind up a long rope neatly.水手们知道怎样把一条大绳利落地缠好。
  • The child's dress is neatly gathered at the neck.那孩子的衣服在领口处打着整齐的皱褶。
57 multicultural qnIzdX     
adj.融合多种文化的,多种文化的
参考例句:
  • Children growing up in a multicultural society.在多元文化社会中长大的孩子们。
  • The school has been attempting to bring a multicultural perspective to its curriculum.这所学校已经在尝试将一种多元文化视角引入其课程。
58 intensification 5fb4d5b75a27bb246c651ce88694cc97     
n.激烈化,增强明暗度;加厚
参考例句:
  • The intensification of the immunological response represents the body's natural defense. 增强免疫反应代表身体的自然保卫。 来自辞典例句
  • Agriculture in the developing nations is not irreversibly committed, to a particular pattern of intensification. 发展中国家的农业并没有完全为某种集约化形式所束缚。 来自辞典例句
59 entity vo8xl     
n.实体,独立存在体,实际存在物
参考例句:
  • The country is no longer one political entity.这个国家不再是一个统一的政治实体了。
  • As a separate legal entity,the corporation must pay taxes.作为一个独立的法律实体,公司必须纳税。
60 anthropology zw2zQ     
n.人类学
参考例句:
  • I believe he has started reading up anthropology.我相信他已开始深入研究人类学。
  • Social anthropology is centrally concerned with the diversity of culture.社会人类学主要关于文化多样性。
61 anthropologist YzgzPk     
n.人类学家,人类学者
参考例句:
  • The lecturer is an anthropologist.这位讲师是人类学家。
  • The anthropologist unearthed the skull of an ancient human at the site.人类学家在这个遗址挖掘出那块古人类的颅骨。
62 depressed xu8zp9     
adj.沮丧的,抑郁的,不景气的,萧条的
参考例句:
  • When he was depressed,he felt utterly divorced from reality.他心情沮丧时就感到完全脱离了现实。
  • His mother was depressed by the sad news.这个坏消息使他的母亲意志消沉。
63 soda cr3ye     
n.苏打水;汽水
参考例句:
  • She doesn't enjoy drinking chocolate soda.她不喜欢喝巧克力汽水。
  • I will freshen your drink with more soda and ice cubes.我给你的饮料重加一些苏打水和冰块。
64 lighter 5pPzPR     
n.打火机,点火器;驳船;v.用驳船运送;light的比较级
参考例句:
  • The portrait was touched up so as to make it lighter.这张画经过润色,色调明朗了一些。
  • The lighter works off the car battery.引燃器利用汽车蓄电池打火。
65 ficklest 08bd37d3d68a8118d0d7068019398fb3     
fickle((爱情、友谊等)易变的,无常的)的最高级形式
参考例句:
66 tightened bd3d8363419d9ff838bae0ba51722ee9     
收紧( tighten的过去式和过去分词 ); (使)变紧; (使)绷紧; 加紧
参考例句:
  • The rope holding the boat suddenly tightened and broke. 系船的绳子突然绷断了。
  • His index finger tightened on the trigger but then relaxed again. 他的食指扣住扳机,然后又松开了。
67 disintegration TtJxi     
n.分散,解体
参考例句:
  • This defeat led to the disintegration of the empire.这次战败道致了帝国的瓦解。
  • The incident has hastened the disintegration of the club.这一事件加速了该俱乐部的解体。
68 countless 7vqz9L     
adj.无数的,多得不计其数的
参考例句:
  • In the war countless innocent people lost their lives.在这场战争中无数无辜的人丧失了性命。
  • I've told you countless times.我已经告诉你无数遍了。
69 corporate 7olzl     
adj.共同的,全体的;公司的,企业的
参考例句:
  • This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
  • His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

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