2003年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案
时间：2006-09-13 05:21:07
（单词翻译:单击）
Section I Listening Comprehension
Directions:
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.
Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet I.
Now look at Part At your test booklet.
Part A
Directions:
For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write Only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording1 twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)
Boston Museum of Fine Arts Founded( year ) 1870 Opened to the public( year ) Question 1
Moved to the current location ( year ) 1909 The west wing completed( year ) Question 2 Number of departments 9 The most remarkable2 department Question 3
Exhibition Space ( m2 ) Question 4 Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000 Programs provided classes lectures Question 5 films
Part B
Directions
For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. USe not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points )
What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? __________ . Question 6
Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them_______ . Question 7
Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can't talk with each other? _________ . Question 8
Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their _______ . Question 9
According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? _______. Question 10
Part C
Directions:
You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points )
Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.
11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they _________ .
A. Sleep in three distinct parts.
B. have many five-minute naps.
C. sleep in one long block.
D. take one or two naps daily.
12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined4 by_______ .
A. its genes5
B. its habit
C. its mental state
D. its physical condition
13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should______ .
A. take some refreshment6.
B. go to bed early
C. have a long rest
D. give in to sleep.
Questions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie. an American Indian poet.You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16. 14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?
A. he Could bring unfinished work home.
B. He might have time to pursue his interests. C. He might do some evening teaching. D. He could invest more emotion in his family. 15.What was his original goal at college?
A. to teach in high school .
B. to write his own books.
C. to be a medical doctor.
D. to be a mathematician7.
16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?
A. To follow his father. B. For an easy grade. C. To change his specialty8.
D. For knowledge of poetry.
Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. you know have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.
17. What is the most important thing in public speaking ?
A. Confidence.
B. Preparation.
C. Informativeness9.
D. Organization.
18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience's attention？
A. Gather abundant data.
B. Organize the idea logically.
C. Develop a great opening.
D. Select appropriate material. 19. If you don't start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel _____ .
A. uneasy
B. uncertain
C. frustrated10
D. depressed11
20. Who is this speech ,ost probably meant for?
A. Those interested in the power of persuasion12. B. Those trying to improve their public image.
C. Those planning to take up some public work.
D. Those eager to become effective speakers.
You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.
Section II Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-concious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments13 are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which thereare more winners than losers, 28 ,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics15. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.
In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guity and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibity. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.
21. A. thought B.idea C. opinion D. advice
22. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate16 D. enhance
23. A. care B. nutrition C. exercise D. leisure
24. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because
25. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance17
26. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed
27. A. improper18 B. risky19 C. fair D. wise
28. A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense
29. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging
30. A. durable20 B. exessive C. surplus D. multiple
31. A.sgroupsB. individual C. personnel D. corporation
32. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security
33. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely
34. A. similiar B. long C. different D. short
35. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if
36. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something
37. A. off B. down C. out D. alone
38. A. On the contrary B. On the average C. On the whole D. On the other hand
39. A. making B. standing21 C. planning D. taking
40. A. capability22 B. responsibility C. proficiency23 D. efficiency
21-25 DBCC?C
26-30 BDCAD
31-35 B?CBCC
36-40 DBACA
Section III Reading Comprehension
Directions: Read the following fore3 texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANAWER SHEET 1(40 points)
Text 1
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game " of espionage-----spying as a "profession." These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation24 as well.
The last revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open source intelligence," and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential25. in 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin26, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.
Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com.
Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine." As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That 'sswheresStraitford earns its keep.
Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.
41. The emergence27 of the Net has
A. received support from fans like Donovan.
B. remolded the intelligence services.
C. restored many common pastimes.
D. revived spying as a profession.
42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to
A. introduce the topic of online spying.
B. show how he fought for the U.S.
C. give an episode of the information war.
D. honor his unique services to the CIA.
43.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably means
A. causing the biggest trouble.
B. exerting the greatest effort.
C. achieving the greatest success.
D. enjoying the widest popularity.
44.It can be learned from paragraph 4 that
A. Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true.
B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness28 of its information.
C. Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability.
D. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.
45.Straitford is most proud of its
A. official status.
B. nonconformist image.
C. efficient staff.
D. military background.
BACDB
Text 2 To paraphrase29 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby30 threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed31 that anyone would deliberately32 harm an animal.
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines33 come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics34 return, she said,“Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don's understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate35, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular36 biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip14 replacement37, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations38, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware39 that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful40 at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive41 appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane42 care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively43 recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities44 such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous45 statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to
A. call on scientists to take some actions.
B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.
C. warn of the doom46 of biomedical research.
D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.
47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is
A. cruel but natural.
B. inhuman47 and unacceptable.
C. inevitable48 but vicious.
D. pointless and wasteful.
48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's
A. discontent with animal research.
B. ignorance about medical science.
C. indifference49 to epidemics.
D. anxiety about animal rights.
49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should
A. communicate more with the public.
B. employ hi-tech means in research.
C. feel no shame for their cause.
D. strive to develop new cures.
50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is
A. a well-known humanist.
B. a medical practitioner50.
C. an enthusiast51 in animal rights.
D. a supporter of animal research.
ABBAD
Text 3
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, mergingsintossuper systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995,the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers52 is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.
Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated53 service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly54 and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.
The vast consolidation55 within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
Railroads justify56 rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists57 subscribe58, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters59 of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.
Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes. still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the .2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.
51.According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because
A. cost reduction is based on competition.
B. services call for cross-trade coordination60.
C. outside competitors will continue to exist.
D. shippers will have the railway by the throat.
52.What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?
A. Indifferent.
B. Supportive.
C. Indignant.
D. Apprehensive62.
53.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that
A. shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.
B. there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.
C. overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.
D. a government board ensures fair play in railway business.
54.The word“arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those
A. who work as coordinators.
B. who function as judges.
C. who supervise transactions.
D. who determine the price.
55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by
A. the continuing acquisition.
B. the growing traffic.
C. the cheering Wall Street.
D. the shrinking market.
CCDBA
Text 4 It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans' life expectancy63 has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips64 can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts65 removed in a 30-minuts surgical66 procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.
Death is normal; we are genetically67 programmed to disintegrate68 and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified69.
In1950, the U.S. spent .7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-----say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm“have a duty todie and get out of the way”,so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.
I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme70 Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s,and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere71 68-year-old,I wish to age as productively as they have.
Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.
56.What is implied in the first sentence?
A. Americans are better prepared for death than other people.
B. Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
C. Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.
D. Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.
57.The author uses the example of caner72 patients to show that
A. medical resources are often wasted.
B. doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.
C. some treatments are too aggressive.
D. medical costs are becoming unaffordable.
58.The author's attitude to ward61 Richard Lamm's remark is one of
A. strong disapproval73.
B. reserved consent.
C. slight contempt.
D. enthusiastic support.
59.In contras to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care
A. more flexibly.
B. more extravagantly74.
C .more cautiously.
D. more reasonably.
60.The text intends to express the idea that
A medicine will further prolong people's lives.
B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.
C. death should be accepted as a fact of life.
D. excessive demands increase the cost of health care.
DABDC
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and the translate the underlines segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed75 of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar76 ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic77 manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious78 way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
“Anthropology79”derives from the Greek words“anthropos”:“human”and logos“the study of.”By its very name, anthropology encompasses80 the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned(原文如此) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena81.
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology82, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological83 analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities84 and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity85, opened up an entirely87 new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit86 within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.
(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of“culture,”like the concept of“set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
Section IV Writing
66.Directions:
1) describe the set of drawings, Interpret its meaning, and
2) point out its implications in our life.
You should write about 200 words neatly88 on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)
2003年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语考试参考答案
Section I Listening Comprehension （20 points）
Part A （5 points）
1.1876
2.1981
3.textiles
4.19,137
5.concerts
Part B (5 points)
6.(the couple) themselves
7.constructively89
8.a qualified90 psychologist
9.good intentions
10.absence
Part C (10points)
11.D 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.D
Section II Use of English （10 points）
21.A 22.B 23.C 24.D 25.C 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.D 31.A 32.D 33.B 34.D 35.C 36.D 37.B 38.A 39.C 40.A
Section III Reading Comprehension （50 points）
Part A （40 points）
41.B 42.A 43.C 44.D 45.B 46.A 47.B 48.B 49.A 50.D 51.C 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.A 56.C 57.A 58.B 59.D 60.C
Part B（10 points）
61.而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
62.社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
63.强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
64.泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。
65.因此，人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
Section IV Writing （20 points）
66.(略)
Directions:
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.
Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet I.
Now look at Part At your test booklet.
Part A
Directions:
For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write Only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording1 twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)
Boston Museum of Fine Arts Founded( year ) 1870 Opened to the public( year ) Question 1
Moved to the current location ( year ) 1909 The west wing completed( year ) Question 2 Number of departments 9 The most remarkable2 department Question 3
Exhibition Space ( m2 ) Question 4 Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000 Programs provided classes lectures Question 5 films
Part B
Directions
For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. USe not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points )
What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? __________ . Question 6
Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them_______ . Question 7
Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can't talk with each other? _________ . Question 8
Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their _______ . Question 9
According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? _______. Question 10
Part C
Directions:
You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points )
Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.
11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they _________ .
A. Sleep in three distinct parts.
B. have many five-minute naps.
C. sleep in one long block.
D. take one or two naps daily.
12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined4 by_______ .
A. its genes5
B. its habit
C. its mental state
D. its physical condition
13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should______ .
A. take some refreshment6.
B. go to bed early
C. have a long rest
D. give in to sleep.
Questions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie. an American Indian poet.You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16. 14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?
A. he Could bring unfinished work home.
B. He might have time to pursue his interests. C. He might do some evening teaching. D. He could invest more emotion in his family. 15.What was his original goal at college?
A. to teach in high school .
B. to write his own books.
C. to be a medical doctor.
D. to be a mathematician7.
16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?
A. To follow his father. B. For an easy grade. C. To change his specialty8.
D. For knowledge of poetry.
Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. you know have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.
17. What is the most important thing in public speaking ?
A. Confidence.
B. Preparation.
C. Informativeness9.
D. Organization.
18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience's attention？
A. Gather abundant data.
B. Organize the idea logically.
C. Develop a great opening.
D. Select appropriate material. 19. If you don't start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel _____ .
A. uneasy
B. uncertain
C. frustrated10
D. depressed11
20. Who is this speech ,ost probably meant for?
A. Those interested in the power of persuasion12. B. Those trying to improve their public image.
C. Those planning to take up some public work.
D. Those eager to become effective speakers.
You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.
Section II Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-concious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments13 are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which thereare more winners than losers, 28 ,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics15. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.
In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guity and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibity. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.
21. A. thought B.idea C. opinion D. advice
22. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate16 D. enhance
23. A. care B. nutrition C. exercise D. leisure
24. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because
25. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance17
26. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed
27. A. improper18 B. risky19 C. fair D. wise
28. A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense
29. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging
30. A. durable20 B. exessive C. surplus D. multiple
31. A.sgroupsB. individual C. personnel D. corporation
32. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security
33. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely
34. A. similiar B. long C. different D. short
35. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if
36. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something
37. A. off B. down C. out D. alone
38. A. On the contrary B. On the average C. On the whole D. On the other hand
39. A. making B. standing21 C. planning D. taking
40. A. capability22 B. responsibility C. proficiency23 D. efficiency
21-25 DBCC?C
26-30 BDCAD
31-35 B?CBCC
36-40 DBACA
Section III Reading Comprehension
Directions: Read the following fore3 texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANAWER SHEET 1(40 points)
Text 1
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game " of espionage-----spying as a "profession." These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation24 as well.
The last revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open source intelligence," and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential25. in 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin26, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.
Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com.
Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine." As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That 'sswheresStraitford earns its keep.
Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.
41. The emergence27 of the Net has
A. received support from fans like Donovan.
B. remolded the intelligence services.
C. restored many common pastimes.
D. revived spying as a profession.
42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to
A. introduce the topic of online spying.
B. show how he fought for the U.S.
C. give an episode of the information war.
D. honor his unique services to the CIA.
43.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably means
A. causing the biggest trouble.
B. exerting the greatest effort.
C. achieving the greatest success.
D. enjoying the widest popularity.
44.It can be learned from paragraph 4 that
A. Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true.
B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness28 of its information.
C. Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability.
D. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.
45.Straitford is most proud of its
A. official status.
B. nonconformist image.
C. efficient staff.
D. military background.
BACDB
Text 2 To paraphrase29 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby30 threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed31 that anyone would deliberately32 harm an animal.
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines33 come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics34 return, she said,“Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don's understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate35, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular36 biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip14 replacement37, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations38, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware39 that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful40 at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive41 appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane42 care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively43 recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities44 such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous45 statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to
A. call on scientists to take some actions.
B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.
C. warn of the doom46 of biomedical research.
D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.
47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is
A. cruel but natural.
B. inhuman47 and unacceptable.
C. inevitable48 but vicious.
D. pointless and wasteful.
48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's
A. discontent with animal research.
B. ignorance about medical science.
C. indifference49 to epidemics.
D. anxiety about animal rights.
49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should
A. communicate more with the public.
B. employ hi-tech means in research.
C. feel no shame for their cause.
D. strive to develop new cures.
50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is
A. a well-known humanist.
B. a medical practitioner50.
C. an enthusiast51 in animal rights.
D. a supporter of animal research.
ABBAD
Text 3
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, mergingsintossuper systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995,the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers52 is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.
Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated53 service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly54 and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.
The vast consolidation55 within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
Railroads justify56 rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists57 subscribe58, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters59 of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.
Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes. still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the .2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.
51.According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because
A. cost reduction is based on competition.
B. services call for cross-trade coordination60.
C. outside competitors will continue to exist.
D. shippers will have the railway by the throat.
52.What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?
A. Indifferent.
B. Supportive.
C. Indignant.
D. Apprehensive62.
53.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that
A. shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.
B. there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.
C. overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.
D. a government board ensures fair play in railway business.
54.The word“arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those
A. who work as coordinators.
B. who function as judges.
C. who supervise transactions.
D. who determine the price.
55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by
A. the continuing acquisition.
B. the growing traffic.
C. the cheering Wall Street.
D. the shrinking market.
CCDBA
Text 4 It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans' life expectancy63 has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips64 can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts65 removed in a 30-minuts surgical66 procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.
Death is normal; we are genetically67 programmed to disintegrate68 and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified69.
In1950, the U.S. spent .7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-----say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm“have a duty todie and get out of the way”,so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.
I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme70 Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s,and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere71 68-year-old,I wish to age as productively as they have.
Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.
56.What is implied in the first sentence?
A. Americans are better prepared for death than other people.
B. Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
C. Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.
D. Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.
57.The author uses the example of caner72 patients to show that
A. medical resources are often wasted.
B. doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.
C. some treatments are too aggressive.
D. medical costs are becoming unaffordable.
58.The author's attitude to ward61 Richard Lamm's remark is one of
A. strong disapproval73.
B. reserved consent.
C. slight contempt.
D. enthusiastic support.
59.In contras to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care
A. more flexibly.
B. more extravagantly74.
C .more cautiously.
D. more reasonably.
60.The text intends to express the idea that
A medicine will further prolong people's lives.
B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.
C. death should be accepted as a fact of life.
D. excessive demands increase the cost of health care.
DABDC
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and the translate the underlines segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed75 of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar76 ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic77 manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious78 way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
“Anthropology79”derives from the Greek words“anthropos”:“human”and logos“the study of.”By its very name, anthropology encompasses80 the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned(原文如此) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena81.
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology82, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological83 analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities84 and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity85, opened up an entirely87 new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit86 within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.
(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of“culture,”like the concept of“set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
Section IV Writing
66.Directions:
1) describe the set of drawings, Interpret its meaning, and
2) point out its implications in our life.
You should write about 200 words neatly88 on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)
2003年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语考试参考答案
Section I Listening Comprehension （20 points）
Part A （5 points）
1.1876
2.1981
3.textiles
4.19,137
5.concerts
Part B (5 points)
6.(the couple) themselves
7.constructively89
8.a qualified90 psychologist
9.good intentions
10.absence
Part C (10points)
11.D 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.D
Section II Use of English （10 points）
21.A 22.B 23.C 24.D 25.C 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.D 31.A 32.D 33.B 34.D 35.C 36.D 37.B 38.A 39.C 40.A
Section III Reading Comprehension （50 points）
Part A （40 points）
41.B 42.A 43.C 44.D 45.B 46.A 47.B 48.B 49.A 50.D 51.C 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.A 56.C 57.A 58.B 59.D 60.C
Part B（10 points）
61.而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
62.社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
63.强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
64.泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。
65.因此，人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
Section IV Writing （20 points）
66.(略)
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1
recording
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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fore
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determined
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genes
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refreshment
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| n.恢复，精神爽快，提神之事物；（复数）refreshments:点心，茶点 | |
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mathematician
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specialty
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| n.(speciality)特性，特质；专业，专长 | |
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informativeness
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| 忠实度 | |
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frustrated
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| adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧 | |
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depressed
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persuasion
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| n.劝说；说服；持有某种信仰的宗派 | |
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accomplishments
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| n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就 | |
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hip
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| n.臀部，髋；屋脊 | |
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dynamics
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| n.力学，动力学，动力，原动力；动态 | |
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stimulate
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| vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋 | |
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tolerance
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| n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差 | |
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improper
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| adj.不适当的，不合适的，不正确的，不合礼仪的 | |
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risky
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| adj.有风险的，冒险的 | |
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durable
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| adj.持久的，耐久的 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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capability
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| n.能力；才能；(pl)可发展的能力或特性等 | |
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proficiency
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| n.精通，熟练，精练 | |
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vocation
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influential
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| adj.有影响的，有权势的 | |
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margin
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| n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘 | |
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emergence
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| n.浮现，显现，出现，（植物）突出体 | |
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truthfulness
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| n. 符合实际 | |
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paraphrase
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| vt.将…释义，改写；n.释义，意义 | |
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thereby
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perplexed
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| adj.不知所措的 | |
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deliberately
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| adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地 | |
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vaccines
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| 疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 ) | |
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epidemics
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| n．流行病 | |
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compassionate
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| adj.有同情心的，表示同情的 | |
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molecular
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| adj.分子的；克分子的 | |
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replacement
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| n.取代，替换，交换；替代品，代用品 | |
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vaccinations
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| n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤 | |
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unaware
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| a.不知道的，未意识到的 | |
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wasteful
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| adj.（造成）浪费的，挥霍的 | |
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deceptive
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| adj.骗人的，造成假象的，靠不住的 | |
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humane
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| adj.人道的，富有同情心的 | |
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actively
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| adv.积极地，勤奋地 | |
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personalities
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| n. 诽谤，（对某人容貌、性格等所进行的）人身攻击； 人身攻击；人格, 个性, 名人( personality的名词复数 ) | |
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courageous
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| adj.勇敢的，有胆量的 | |
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46
doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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inhuman
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| adj.残忍的，不人道的，无人性的 | |
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inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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practitioner
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| n.实践者，从事者；(医生或律师等)开业者 | |
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enthusiast
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| n.热心人，热衷者 | |
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52
mergers
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| n.（两个公司的）合并( merger的名词复数 ) | |
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coordinated
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| adj.协调的 | |
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costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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consolidation
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| n.合并,巩固 | |
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justify
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| vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护 | |
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economists
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| n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 ) | |
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subscribe
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| vi.(to)订阅，订购；同意；vt.捐助，赞助 | |
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arbiters
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| 仲裁人，裁决者( arbiter的名词复数 ) | |
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coordination
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| n.协调，协作 | |
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61
ward
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| n.守卫，监护，病房，行政区，由监护人或法院保护的人（尤指儿童）；vt.守护，躲开 | |
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apprehensive
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| adj.担心的，恐惧的，善于领会的 | |
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expectancy
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| n.期望，预期，（根据概率统计求得）预期数额 | |
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hips
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| abbr.high impact polystyrene 高冲击强度聚苯乙烯，耐冲性聚苯乙烯n.臀部( hip的名词复数 )；[建筑学]屋脊；臀围（尺寸）；臀部…的 | |
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cataracts
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| n.大瀑布( cataract的名词复数 )；白内障 | |
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surgical
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| adj.外科的，外科医生的，手术上的 | |
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genetically
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| adv.遗传上 | |
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disintegrate
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| v.瓦解，解体，（使）碎裂，（使）粉碎 | |
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justified
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| a.正当的，有理的 | |
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supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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caner
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| n.藤椅编制工 | |
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disapproval
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| n.反对，不赞成 | |
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extravagantly
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| adv.挥霍无度地 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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systematic
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| adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的 | |
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harmonious
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| adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的 | |
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anthropology
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| n.人类学 | |
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encompasses
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| v.围绕( encompass的第三人称单数 )；包围；包含；包括 | |
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phenomena
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| n.现象 | |
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psychology
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| n.心理，心理学，心理状态 | |
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anthropological
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| adj.人类学的 | |
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capabilities
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| n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力 | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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implicit
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| a.暗示的，含蓄的，不明晰的，绝对的 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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neatly
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| adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地 | |
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constructively
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| ad.有益的，积极的 | |
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qualified
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| adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的 | |
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