2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案

时间:2006-09-13 05:25:41

(单词翻译:单击)

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)

  The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,   1   this is largely because,  2   animals ,we stand upright. This means that our noses are   3   to perceiving those smells which float through the air,   4   the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact

  5  , we are extremely sensitive to smells,   6   we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of   7   human smells even when these are   8   to far below one part in one million.

  Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,   9   others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes1 necessary to generate   10    smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send   11   to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell   12   can suddenly become sensitive to it when   13   to it often enough.

  The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it

  14   to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can   15   new receptors if necessary. This may   16   explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not   17   of the usual smell of our own house but we   18   new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors   19   for unfamiliar2 and emergency signals   20   the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.

1.  [A]although      [B]as           [C]but        [D]while

2.  [A]above         [B]unlike       [C]excluding  [D]besides

3.  [A]limited       [B]committed    [C]dedicated  [D]confined

4.  [A]catching      [B]ignoring     [C]missing    [D]tracking

5.  [A]anyway        [B]though       [C]instead    [D]therefore

6.  [A]even if       [B]if only      [C]only if    [D]as if

7.  [A]distinguishing[B]discovering  [C]determining[D]detecting

8.  [A]diluted       [B]dissolved    [C]determining[D]diffused

9.  [A]when          [B]since        [C]for        [D]whereas

10. [A]unusual       [B]particular   [C]unique     [D]typical

11. [A]signs         [B]stimuli      [C]messages   [D]impulses

12. [A]at first      [B]at all       [C]at large   [D]at times

13. [A]subjected     [B]left         [C]drawn      [D]exposed

14. [A]ineffective   [B]incompetent  [C]inefficient[D]insufficient

15. [A]introduce     [B]summon       [C]trigger    [D]create

16. [A]still         [B]also         [C]otherwise  [D]nevertheless

17. [A]sure          [B]sick         [C]aware      [D]tired

18. [A]tolerate  [B]repel   [C]neglect     [D]notice

19. [A]availabe  [B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable

20. [A]similar to[B]such as [C]along with  [D]aside from

1. [答案] [C]

[分析]

这是一道语义辨析题,首先排除选项

A]although,因为 although 用作连词一般引导让步状语从句。

B]的 as 在句子中表示因果关系,那么与其后的 because 又重叠,也可排除;选项

D]的 while 一般表示对比关系,此题的正确答案只能是选项

C]表示转折连词的 but。

2.[答案] [B]

[分析]第是一道语义辨析题,应该选B选项。句子前半部分的

compared  with”是一个关键词组,暗示“人类”和“动物”之间实际上是对比关系。首先排除选项[A]above (在上面,在高处)。又[C]excluding 不表示句子成分之间的对比关系,而主要阐明成分之间的包含与被包含的关系。而选项[B]unlike (不同的,不相似的) 可指外表、性质上的不同,表示一种对比关系,因此选[B]

3. [答案] [A]

[分析]这是动词搭配辨析题,第三句话对第二句话的意思进行说明,指出“人的鼻子局限于某些嗅觉--飘浮于空中的嗅觉”,那么第三空选[A]“limited”比较合适。干扰性大的有的选项是[D]confined, 两者均有"局限,限制"的意思,但含义上略有不同。Limit一般只在实践、空间、数量、质量或产量等方面有一个范围或限度,属于中型。而confine择优束缚、羁绊、限制自由或禁闭的隐含意思,它带有一种强制性,因此confine放在句子中与其明显不符,过于强硬和绝对。所以选[A]。

4. [答案] [C]

[分析] 这是一道语义篇章和词义辨析题。可能出在两个之间,就是人不是不去感知,而是因为直立把许多味道错过了,我们应该选择C;由前一句话可知,“人的鼻子主要捕捉空中漂浮的嗅觉,而对于黏附于物体表面的嗅觉就可能忽略”,这样[C]选项“missing”为正确答案。

5. [答案] [B]

[分析] 此题考查的是对上下文语义的理解及连词的使用。尽管我们没有感知到很多地面的气味,如果我们感知的话还是可以感知到的,所以应该选择B;这里对文章开始的大众观点进行了转折,注意提示词“Infact”,正确答案“B”“though”,表达了这种转折关系,为正确答案。如果选[C]或[D],那么就与“In fact”无法搭配。

6. [答案] [A]

[分析]

此题考查的是对句子逻辑关系的理解和掌握。

本题选的是A,假设关系是完型填空当中常考的一种关系——让步关系,意思是

“即使我们一般不会意识到某些嗅觉,但我们仍然对这些东西感觉灵敏”。符合这一要求的只有[A]“evenif”。

7. [答案] [D]

[分析]

这是一道动词语义辨析题。

本题选的是D,一个假设性的,鼻子用来干吗的?是用来感知的,我们选择D;要求

 

选一个跟嗅觉能搭配的动词,那么,[D]选项“detecting”是对的。

8. [答案] [A]

[分析]

这仍是一道动词语义辨析题。本题,就它的意思是“即使这些嗅觉的浓度冲淡到原来的百万分之一,人们仍然能够捕捉到这些嗅觉”,是A;词汇的辨认。如果能够知道

[A]选项“diluted”表示“冲淡”的意思,就能选到这个正确答案。

9. [答案] [D]

[分析]

此题考查的是对句子逻辑关系的理解和连词的使用。

本题选择的是D,要填的东西必须表达这种对比。很明显,“D”选项“where

as”是正确答案。表示对比关系。

10. [答案] [B]

[分析]

这是一道语义辨析题,主要考查形容词的辨析。

本题选B,是“B”选项“particular”是正确答案,其他选项放到原文

都不符合逻辑,我们鼻子对某些类别的味道很敏感。

11. [答案] [C]

[分析]

此题考查的是对上下文语义的理解和动词的搭配。

本题是一致性的题,这考察和上次说的我们鼻子的感知信号是一致的,注意句子中间

表示并列关系的连词“and”。前半句说“这些接收器能够感觉到嗅觉”,因此“C”选

项“messages”是正确答案。

12. [答案] [A]

[分析]

 这是一道句义分析题。本题是根据句子中间的意思“刚开始对某种嗅觉不灵敏的人能够灵敏起来”,这表示嗅觉灵敏度变化的一个过程,而第十二个空涉及的是第一个过程,所以应该是“A”选项“atfirst”。

13. [答案] [D]

[分析]

 这是一道动词语义辨析题。本题是接触到某种气味,常见搭配“exposed to”(接触)。因此,“D”选项“exposed to”为正确答案。

14. [答案] [C]

[分析]

此题考查的是对上下文语义的理解。我们的大脑不是把所有的器官调用的,由该句半部分可以看出:大脑在捕捉嗅觉时是作出了选择的,一方面捕捉必不可少的嗅觉,另一方面又关闭一些嗅觉接收器,这样使嗅觉接收达到最有效的程度。所以选“C”选项“inefficient”。

15. [答案] [D]

[分析] 此题考查的是对上下文语义的理解和动词的辨析。此题考查的是对上下文语义的理解和动词的辨析。此题与上道题关系紧密,之前说“人类的大脑为了提高其对气味的分辨率,有时会根据情况创造一些新的接受器。”选项[A]introduce(介绍)、[B]summon(传呼,召唤)和[C]trigger(扣动板机)都不能准确表达“创造,产生”之意。而选项[D]create正好可以表达这一意思,因此选择它。

16. [答案] [B]

[分析]

此题考查的是对句子之间逻辑关系的正确和连词的使用。

本题是逻辑题,这里指上述提高嗅觉接收有效率的原理,也能解释另外一种现象:每

个人对于自己的嗅觉不太敏感。 “also”是正确答案,选择B选项。

17. [答案] [C]

[分析]

此题考查的是词组的固定搭配。本题选择C;一个搭配:“be aware of”(意识到),因此正确答案是“C”“aware”。应该是十七题谓语动词的同义词,也就是“意识到”、“注意到”的意思,那么“D”选项“notice”为正确答案。

18. [答案] [D]

[分析]

这是一道语篇辨析题,主要考查对句子部分之间逻辑关系的掌握。

本题也是一个替换,鼻子要去感知,我们用D。

19. [答案] [A]

[分析]

此题考查的是词组的固定搭配。

本题估计出错的考生很多,我们选A,考固定搭配“availablefor”(可用于),那么“A”选项“available”为正确答案。

20. [答案] [B]

[分析]

此题考查的是对上下文语义的理解。

本题在这个空的前面提到“不熟悉的和紧急的信号”,后面提到“对烟雾的嗅觉”。所

以,“B”选项为正确答案“such as”。  

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(40 points)

Text 1

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged4. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying5 assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance6. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.

    The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily7. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers9, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their became markedly different.

    In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere10 piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber8, or refused to ;accept the slice of cucumber Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment11 in a female capuchin.

  The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser12 reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by

A. posing a contrast.

B. justifying14 an assumption.

C. making a comparison.

D. explaining a phenomenon.

22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies that

A. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.

B. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.

C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.

D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.

23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are

A. more inclined to weigh what they get.

B. attentive15 to researchers' instructions.

C. nice in both appearance and temperament16.

D. more generous than their male companions

24.Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys

A. prefer grapes to cucumbers.

B. can be taught to exchange things.

C. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.

D. are unhappy when separated from others.

25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.

B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.

C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

D. Cooperation among monkeys remains17 stable only in the wild.

21. [答案] [C]

[分析]

这是一道事实细节题,主要考查文章篇章结构以及作者的意图。

我们应该选择C,考察第一段的写作手法,明显用的是猴和人之间的相似形的

比较关系。

compare和contrast

是一组同义词,两词均有“比对、比较”的意思,但其侧重点不同:

compare比较的目的可以是为了说明两个事物之间的不同之处,也可以是说明它们之间的相同之处;而contrast是为了说明事物之间的不同之处,有明显的差别。作者此处引用这个例子的目的是为了说明其间的相同之处。

22. [答案] [B]

[分析]

此题主要考查文章中句子的特殊含义和其隐含表达。

答案是B,也是在把猴子和人做类比,指出猴子与人一样都抱怨不公平,

D属于无中生有,C属于移花接木,本是人与猴之间的对比,被移换为猴与猴之间的关系

23. [答案] [A]

[分析]

这是一道事实细节题。

答案选A,

答案是根据文章第三段第一句话得到的,雌性的猴子被选择做研究,是因为她们更加注重她们获得的东西。

选项B、C、D文中没有提及,排除。

24. [答案] [C]

[分析]

这仍是一道事实细节题。答案选择C,他们最终的发现是什么,篇章最后两段反复重复,如果没有受到公平的话。

25. [答案] [B]

[分析]

这还是一道事实细节题。作者在文章最后一段从猴子的公平意识谈到人类这种对不公正

待遇的愤慨之情的由来。最后一句中的an unanswered puestion便是此题的答案所在。选项[B]Human indignation evolve from an uncertain source所表达的也正好是这个意思,故为正确答案。

Text 2

    Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill

us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers18 went to early graves.

  There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken19 us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted20 by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report “Science never has all the answers But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments21 that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”

  Just as on smoking voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes23 into the air until we know for sure. this is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent24 people would take out an insurance policy now.

  Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers25 still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis26 by analysis”.

  To serve as responsible stewards27 of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric28 and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate29. If the Administration won't take the legislative30 initiative, Congress should help to begin

fashioning conservation measures A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives31 for private industry is a promising32 start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.

26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that

A. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation33 between smoking and death.

B. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant34.

C. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.

D. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.

27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as

A. a protector.

B. a judge.

C. a critic.

D. a guide.

28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4)

A. Endless studies kill action.

B. Careful investigation35 reveals truth.

C. prudent planning hinders.

D. Extensive research helps decision-making.

29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about

A. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.

B. Raise public awareness36 of conservation.

C. Press for further scientific research.

D. Take some legislative measures.

30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because

A. they both suffered from the government's negligence37.

B. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.

C. the outcome of the latter aggravates39 the former.

D. both of them have turned from bad to worse.

26. [答案] [C]

[分析]

这是一道事实细节题。题干部分的supporters of smoking(吸烟支持者)与文章第一句

中的the doubters(吸烟危害论的怀疑者)是同义表达,而句子的“...we didn'tknow for s

ure”和其后的“ that the evidence was inconclusive...”都暗含了吸烟支持者对于吸

烟与健康之间科学联系的不信任和不屑一顾。因此,选项[C]people had the freedom

to choose their own way of life (人们应当有选择自己生活方式的自由)便是吸烟支持者的心声。

27. [答案] [D]

[分析]

这是一道事实细节题。

应该选D,科学应该作为一个指导性,是答案是根据文章第2段的最后两句话。

28. [答案] [A]

[分析]

这是一道语义猜测题。通过题干可以找到文章倒数第二段的最后一句“Instead of a p

lan of action ,they continue to press for more research-a classic case of“paral

ysis by analysis"。这句话的大意是“他们不是果断采取行动,而是去进行研究——一个

典型的'paralysis by analysis'方案。”通过句子中的用词可以推断作者的语气是否定

的,对此的态度是批判的。选项[A]Endless studies kill action(没完没了的研究会阻碍实践活动的顺利进行)的批判态度和出题句表达一致,因此是正确选项。

29. [答案] [D]

[分析]

这是一道事实细节题。分析题干部分,可获知the Administration 是关键词。通过此

词定位于文章最后一段第三句话。选项[D]Take some legislative measures 与最后一段

第三句前半部分“take the legislative initiative”完全一致,是正确答案。

30. [答案] [B]

[分析]

这是一道语义推论题,题目是问文章中作者所举吸烟的例子与全文的主题—全球气候变

暖和环境保护之间的关联。解此类型的题目应通读全文并结合上下文进行合理的推测。

作者觉得吸烟带给我们的经验教训对于当前的环保是有借鉴意义的,那么选项

B]就是最佳答案。

Text 3

  Of all the components41 of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic42 is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated43 his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears, by the late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” the random44 byproducts of the neural45-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat46, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It's your dream” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology47 at Chicago's Medical Center. “If you don't like it , change it.”

  Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully48 awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system (the “emotional brain”)is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively49 quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy of depressed50, and those feelings can stay with us all day” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr, William Dement.

  And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring51 bad dreams As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize52 how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally53, do it in their sleep.

  At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of “we wake u in a panic,” Cartwright says Terrorism, economic uncertainties54 and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent55 nightmares should seek help from a therapist For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.

31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams

A. can be modified in their courses.

B. are susceptible56 to emotional changes.

C. reflect our innermost desires and fears.

D. are a random outcome of neural repairs.

32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show

A. its function in our dreams.

B. the mechanism57 of REM sleep.

C. the relation of dreams to emotions.

D. its difference from the prefrontal cortex.

33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to

A. aggravate38 in our unconscious mind.

B. develop into happy dreams.

C. persist till the time we fall asleep.

D. show up in dreams early at night.

34.Cartwright seems to suggest that

A. waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams.

B. visualizing58 bad dreams helps bring them under con3 troll.

C. dreams should be left to their natural progression.

D. dreaming may not entirely59 belong to the unconscious.

35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?

A. lead your life as usual.

B. Seek professional help.

C. Exercise conscious control.

D. Avoid anxiety in the daytime.

31. [答案] [A]

[分析]

这是一个事实细节题,可采取排除法。

这完全从篇章的开头和结尾都强调重复说明梦是

可以控制的,选A。

32. [答案] [C]

[分析]

这是一道推理判断题。作者提到梦和情感之间是有关系的,情感是段落的重点,选C

33. [答案] [D]

[分析]

这是一道事实细节题。题干中的the negative feeling 以及generated在文章第三段第

二句中找到相对应的表述。这句话的大意是“关脑白天产生的一些消极因素极可能是其前半

夜的梦境中有所反映,但继而会逐渐被更加香甜的梦所取代。”选项(D)show up in drea

ms early at night(噩梦对人脑的消极作用会在前半夜里显示出来)与原文表述一致,为正

确选项。

34. [答案] [D]

[分析]

这是一个事实细节题。Cartwright观点的表述主要集中在文章的中间部分,通过分析这

一部分内容,可以发现文章第四段首句“And this process need not  be left to the un

conscious.”便是此题的答案,因此判断选项(D)dreaming may not entirely belong to

the unconscious (梦并非全部属于潜意识范畴)是正确答案。

35. [答案] [A]

[分析]

通过对题干的分析,可以推论其中的might一词暗示这是一道推理判断题。在文章最后

一段中作者谈及神经医生Cartwright 的一些观点。在分析语篇后可以发现题目的答案线索

不是最后一段的倒数第二句话,而是根据文章的最后一段的最后一句话sleep-or rathe dre

am-on it and you will feel better in the moring中的on一词暗含了顺其自然的意思即我们无意过分担心梦对我们的影响。换句话说,保持正常的生活状态即可。由此,选项(A

lead your life as usual是正确选项。

Text 4

  American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire60 to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing. The Degradation61 of language and Music and why we should like, care, John McWhorter, a linguist62 and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s

counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.

  But the cult63 of the authentic64 and the personal, “doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre65 is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.

  Illustrated66 with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle67, why we should, like care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive68-there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.

    Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks69 of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly70 necessary, and proposes no radical71 education reforms-he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable72 one.

36. According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal English

A. is inevitable in radical education reforms.

B. is but all too natural in language development.

C. has caused the controversy73 over the counter-culture.

D. brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s.

37. The word “talking” (Linge6, paragraph3) denotes

A. modesty74.

B. personality.

C. liveliness.

D. informality.

38. To which of the following statements would Mc Whorter most likely agree?

A. Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.

B. Black English can be more expressive than standard English.

C. Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.

D. Of all the varieties, standard English Can best convey complex ideas.

39. The description of Russians' love of memorizing poetry shows the author's

A. interest in their language.

B. appreciation75 of their efforts.

C. admiration76 for their memory.

D. contempt for their old-fashionedness.

40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as

A. “temporary” is to “permanent”.

B. “radical” is to “conservative”.

C. “functional” is to “artistic”.

D. “humble” is to “noble”.

36. [答案] [B]

[分析]

这是一个事实细节题。对于标准英语的衰落,McWhorter在文章第二段中的第二句做了

详述,他认为这一现象是再正常不过的事情(“to be nature and mo more regrettable t

han the loss of the case-endings of Old English”),由此判定选项(B)is but all

too natural in language develope的表述与原文大体相同。但对其中的单词but的理解是此题难点之一,同时也是正确理解此句意思的关键。but在此处的真正的含义相当于表示否定意义的词not,因此要把(B)选项中的句子理解为双重否定,相当于肯定表达。

37. [答案] [D]

[分析]

这是一道语义猜测题。

 原文反复出现的是语音的正式性和非正式性,所以这个题选D。

38. [答案] [A]

[分析]

这是一个事实细节题。在第四段后两句中,作者说“世界上所有的语言,包括黑人英语

,都能很好地表达深邃的内涵和复杂的思想。因此,逻辑思考与我们说话的方式没有很大的

联系。”选项(A)Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk(

逻辑思辨与语言的表达没有必要的联系)与原文的第四段的未句的意思完全吻合。

39. [答案] [B]

[分析]

这是一道推理判断题。作者提到俄国人喜欢背诗,作者在文章是赞赏的语气,称赞他

们努力维护

本国的语言。

40. [答案] [C]

[分析]

这是一道细节揄判断题。这个题也是一个类比题,他说咱们经常纸碟和瓷器之间的关联,纸

盒子不漂亮可以盛饭,瓷器在大餐聚会时被使用,讲究美食性。所以答案选C,是一种功能性和美食性的关联性和关系性。

Part B

Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have removed. For Questions 41-45, choose

the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into of the numbered blank there

are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on

 ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)

  Canada's premiers77 (the leaders of provincial78 governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, to reduce health-care costs.

  They're all groaning79 about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component40 of which are pharmaceutical80 costs.

41.

 

 

What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care-to say nothing of reports from other experts recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs , bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources ,work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.

42.

 

 

But “national” doesn't have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial-provinces combining efforts to create one body.

  Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province-or a series of hospitals within a province-negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.

  Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.

43.

 

 

  A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating  Office for Health Technology Assessment81, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included, predictably and regrettably Quebec refused to join.

  A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings82 attached. That's one reason why the idea of a nationalist hasn't gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.

44.

 

 

  Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow's report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money perhaps they should read what he had to say a bout22 drugs.

  “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain83 the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”

45.

 

 

  So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction84 that would help their budgets and patients.

A. Quebec's resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology85. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec's Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent!

B. Or they could read Mr. Kirby's report:“the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription86-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies”

C. What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.

D. The problem is simple and stark87: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.

E. According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information. prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.

F. So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative88 costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.

G. Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers, they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its, list the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn't like a national agency agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.

Part C

41. [答案] [E]

[分析]

本题可以根据连贯性选E,41题上面一段讲的中心是药品价钱,我们分析了这七个选项以后发觉,选项E,在归纳句子,和上面的也有连贯性,哪一个选项当中包含了药价这

个概念呢?只有一个选项“E”,“E”选项说根据某某机构的观点,自从1997年以来

,处方药价格的增长速率是全国健康福利支出增长速度的2倍。这种增长一部分是因为药品

代替了某些治疗手段,一部分是因为新药品的价格总是比老药品价格高。那么这个选项说的

就是这样一个事实,所以41空选“E”。

42. [答案] [C]

[分析]

本题如果只要上下一加就很明显发现, 42句上下出现最多的就是国家这个词,空

后文字非常典型,提到“But”national “doesn’t have to m

ean that.”很明显这是一个转折,表明42空所填的选项,要和这一句话形成转

折关系,而且42空里面要出现“national”的定义,就是说很有可能要出现“n

ational”这个词儿。每一个选项里面包含这个词呢?“C”选项。“C”选项提到

,national是什么意思?

43. [答案] [G]

[分析]

本题在上一段所讲的是国家要对药品进行一种控制,空前文字举例说明全国性代理机

构的好处,举了魁北克的例子,选项应该围绕着这个问题来选,正确答案选“G”,很好的

保持了文章的一致性,[G]选项说“当然药厂不会同意,他们喜欢散客买家,那样他们可

以暗中运作,他们甚至可能会威胁着要把一个省的工作机会转移到另一个省,但是,处于利

益的驱使,他们又不得不这样做。”43空所以选[G]。

44. [答案] [F]

[分析]

本题有两个选择可以选进去的,我们可以根据这篇文章总体的情感来判断,前面一段

直接讲的就是,人们对于整体药品的价格,以及国家的机构都是抱怨的态度,空前有两段文

字,第一段最后提到魁北克拒绝加入全国性代理机构。而第二段提到有很多省的政府官员对

于这种全国性代理机构持怀疑态度,可以发现这里仍然推行全国性代理机构的设想所遇到的

阻力,接下来当然会谈到怎么处理这个阻力?“F”选项,非常明确的说明了“所以如果某

些省想完成健康福利的任务,他们就必须有完成这个任务的能力,他们还必须节约管理费用

,防止一个省和另一个省之间的斗争,而且要尽量争取更好的药价。”所以A和F相比,F要更符合这篇文章情感的一致性,所以选F

,这个空很多同学填的都是“A”,“A”选项说:“魁北克抵制含有性代理机构,是这个

省自己的意识形态问题”。

45. [答案] [B]

[分析]

本题上面出现了一个“人们怎么样说”最后一段也讲了,他们聚在首都,不断谈论这

个事情,这个一致性,45题应该是B,有些人也在用另外一篇报道进行一种抱怨。空前文

字提到也许这些官员们应该读一读Roy Romanow 的关于药品的论述,当然这个空

应该接着谈,还可以读一读前面文章提到的另外一个人Micael Kirby的关于药

品的论述,这两个人在前面的文章里面都是同时被提到的,而且他们都提倡说建立一个这样

全国性机构非常不错,所以45空选“B”。

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10points)

  It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze89 the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.

    Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.

  Moreover, the integration90 of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.

  (49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric92 of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails93 reducing our dependence94 on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.

  In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50)  In dealing95 with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity91 we stand, divided we fall” -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied96 peculiarities97 of each country.

46. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and con

veyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect

different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.

电视是表达和传递感情的手段之一,在加强不同民族和国家之间的联系方面,电视或许还从

未像在最近的欧洲事件中那样发挥过如此大的作用。

47. In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successfu

l: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publ

ishing house that work in relation to one another.

在欧洲就像在其他地方一样,多媒体集团越来越成功了,这些集团把相互之间有紧密联系的

电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。

48. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to

survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty Europe

an television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.

仅这一点就表明在电视行业里生存并不容易,这个事实通过统计数字明确反映了出来:在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不下于50%。

49. Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and tr

aditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no ea

sy task and demands a strategic choice--

创造一个能尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲统一体”不是一项容易的任务,因为它不但需要策

略性的选择而且要构成一个连接整个旧大陆(欧洲大陆)的网络。

50. In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say,

United we stand, divided we fall”.

在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中,我们可以毫不夸张地说,“团结,我们就会站起来;分

裂,我们就会倒下去”

Section Ⅲ Writing

Part A

51. Directions:

  Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & fashions. But now you find that the word is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

  Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly98 on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

小作文范文:

Dear Mr. Wang,

  I am writing to inform you of my decision to resign from my current position d

ue to some factors involved which I can't stand.

  First of all, the salary has proven to be much lower than you promised at the

time I took up the job, and I have a large family to support. What's more, a period of experience here shows to me that my personality doesn't agree with the relational demands between colleagues. Most importantly, I feelrather disappointed and left out on the job itself because in the past two months I was never given any really important responsibility.

  I honestly hope that you can approve of my requirement for resignation. I am s

orry for any inconvenience caused.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

Part B

52. Directions:

  Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay ,you should first describe the drawing the interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.

  You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)

?

大作文

  The picture above symbolically99 demonstrates how three sons and a daughter trea

t their old and helpless father. They each stand in a different comer of a

football field. The eldest100 son kicks out the father while the other children are prepared to ward13 him off. It is sad to see none of them is willing to receive a

nd support their father.

What it illustrates101 is a common phenomenon in today's society: many grown-up chi

ldren refuse to support their aging parents.

  While young people enjoy a comfortable life, their parents are neglected and left in utter poverty, as these elderly people have grown so physically102 weak that t

hey no longer have the power to support themselves. I think these children have

gone against their own conscience and therefore may be put under strong attacks

of words and contempt by us. According to Chinese culture, to respect the

old and love the young are the traditional virtue103 and to be kind to one's parent

s is the height of it.  We owe so much to our parents in the they not only

 gave us life but have done much in bringing us up. It is against nature for us

to escape from our responsibility of taking care of our parents when they are old.

On the contrary,

  we have the duty to pay back their love by making their later years enjoy

able and happy.

   With love and respect for the old, our society will be full of sunshine;

 Without love and respect for the old, our society will be dark through.

 


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 genes 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0     
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
2 unfamiliar uk6w4     
adj.陌生的,不熟悉的
参考例句:
  • I am unfamiliar with the place and the people here.我在这儿人地生疏。
  • The man seemed unfamiliar to me.这人很面生。
3 con WXpyR     
n.反对的观点,反对者,反对票,肺病;vt.精读,学习,默记;adv.反对地,从反面;adj.欺诈的
参考例句:
  • We must be fair and consider the reason pro and con.我们必须公平考虑赞成和反对的理由。
  • The motion is adopted non con.因无人投反对票,协议被通过。
4 outraged VmHz8n     
a.震惊的,义愤填膺的
参考例句:
  • Members of Parliament were outraged by the news of the assassination. 议会议员们被这暗杀的消息激怒了。
  • He was outraged by their behavior. 他们的行为使他感到愤慨。
5 underlying 5fyz8c     
adj.在下面的,含蓄的,潜在的
参考例句:
  • The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
  • This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。
6 grievance J6ayX     
n.怨愤,气恼,委屈
参考例句:
  • He will not easily forget his grievance.他不会轻易忘掉他的委屈。
  • He had been nursing a grievance against his boss for months.几个月来他对老板一直心怀不满。
7 tardily b2d1a1f9ad2c51f0a420cc474b3bcff1     
adv.缓慢
参考例句:
  • Notice came so tardily that we almost missed the deadline. 通知下达的太慢了,我几乎都错过了最后期限。 来自互联网
  • He always replied rather tardily to my letters. 他对我的信总是迟迟不作答复。 来自互联网
8 chamber wnky9     
n.房间,寝室;会议厅;议院;会所
参考例句:
  • For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说,牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
  • The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。
9 chambers c053984cd45eab1984d2c4776373c4fe     
n.房间( chamber的名词复数 );(议会的)议院;卧室;会议厅
参考例句:
  • The body will be removed into one of the cold storage chambers. 尸体将被移到一个冷冻间里。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Mr Chambers's readable book concentrates on the middle passage: the time Ransome spent in Russia. Chambers先生的这本值得一看的书重点在中间:Ransome在俄国的那几年。 来自互联网
10 mere rC1xE     
adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过
参考例句:
  • That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
  • It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。
11 resentment 4sgyv     
n.怨愤,忿恨
参考例句:
  • All her feelings of resentment just came pouring out.她一股脑儿倾吐出所有的怨恨。
  • She cherished a deep resentment under the rose towards her employer.她暗中对她的雇主怀恨在心。
12 lesser UpxzJL     
adj.次要的,较小的;adv.较小地,较少地
参考例句:
  • Kept some of the lesser players out.不让那些次要的球员参加联赛。
  • She has also been affected,but to a lesser degree.她也受到波及,但程度较轻。
13 ward LhbwY     
n.守卫,监护,病房,行政区,由监护人或法院保护的人(尤指儿童);vt.守护,躲开
参考例句:
  • The hospital has a medical ward and a surgical ward.这家医院有内科病房和外科病房。
  • During the evening picnic,I'll carry a torch to ward off the bugs.傍晚野餐时,我要点根火把,抵挡蚊虫。
14 justifying 5347bd663b20240e91345e662973de7a     
证明…有理( justify的现在分词 ); 为…辩护; 对…作出解释; 为…辩解(或辩护)
参考例句:
  • He admitted it without justifying it. 他不加辩解地承认这个想法。
  • The fellow-travellers'service usually consisted of justifying all the tergiversations of Soviet intenal and foreign policy. 同路人的服务通常包括对苏联国内外政策中一切互相矛盾之处进行辩护。
15 attentive pOKyB     
adj.注意的,专心的;关心(别人)的,殷勤的
参考例句:
  • She was very attentive to her guests.她对客人招待得十分周到。
  • The speaker likes to have an attentive audience.演讲者喜欢注意力集中的听众。
16 temperament 7INzf     
n.气质,性格,性情
参考例句:
  • The analysis of what kind of temperament you possess is vital.分析一下你有什么样的气质是十分重要的。
  • Success often depends on temperament.成功常常取决于一个人的性格。
17 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
18 smokers d3e72c6ca3bac844ba5aa381bd66edba     
吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
  • Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。
19 awaken byMzdD     
vi.醒,觉醒;vt.唤醒,使觉醒,唤起,激起
参考例句:
  • Old people awaken early in the morning.老年人早晨醒得早。
  • Please awaken me at six.请于六点叫醒我。
20 enlisted 2d04964099d0ec430db1d422c56be9e2     
adj.应募入伍的v.(使)入伍, (使)参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 );获得(帮助或支持)
参考例句:
  • enlisted men and women 男兵和女兵
  • He enlisted with the air force to fight against the enemy. 他应募加入空军对敌作战。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
21 judgments 2a483d435ecb48acb69a6f4c4dd1a836     
判断( judgment的名词复数 ); 鉴定; 评价; 审判
参考例句:
  • A peculiar austerity marked his judgments of modern life. 他对现代生活的批评带着一种特殊的苛刻。
  • He is swift with his judgments. 他判断迅速。
22 bout Asbzz     
n.侵袭,发作;一次(阵,回);拳击等比赛
参考例句:
  • I was suffering with a bout of nerves.我感到一阵紧张。
  • That bout of pneumonia enfeebled her.那次肺炎的发作使她虚弱了。
23 fumes lsYz3Q     
n.(强烈而刺激的)气味,气体
参考例句:
  • The health of our children is being endangered by exhaust fumes. 我们孩子们的健康正受到排放出的废气的损害。
  • Exhaust fumes are bad for your health. 废气对健康有害。
24 prudent M0Yzg     
adj.谨慎的,有远见的,精打细算的
参考例句:
  • A prudent traveller never disparages his own country.聪明的旅行者从不贬低自己的国家。
  • You must school yourself to be modest and prudent.你要学会谦虚谨慎。
25 advisers d4866a794d72d2a666da4e4803fdbf2e     
顾问,劝告者( adviser的名词复数 ); (指导大学新生学科问题等的)指导教授
参考例句:
  • a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
  • She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。
26 paralysis pKMxY     
n.麻痹(症);瘫痪(症)
参考例句:
  • The paralysis affects his right leg and he can only walk with difficulty.他右腿瘫痪步履维艰。
  • The paralysis affects his right leg and he can only walk with difficulty.他右腿瘫痪步履维艰。
27 stewards 5967fcba18eb6c2dacaa4540a2a7c61f     
(轮船、飞机等的)乘务员( steward的名词复数 ); (俱乐部、旅馆、工会等的)管理员; (大型活动的)组织者; (私人家中的)管家
参考例句:
  • The stewards all wore armbands. 乘务员都戴了臂章。
  • The stewards will inspect the course to see if racing is possible. 那些干事将检视赛马场看是否适宜比赛。
28 atmospheric 6eayR     
adj.大气的,空气的;大气层的;大气所引起的
参考例句:
  • Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
  • Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。
29 inadequate 2kzyk     
adj.(for,to)不充足的,不适当的
参考例句:
  • The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
  • She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。
30 legislative K9hzG     
n.立法机构,立法权;adj.立法的,有立法权的
参考例句:
  • Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。
  • Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。
31 incentives 884481806a10ef3017726acf079e8fa7     
激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 ); 刺激; 诱因; 动机
参考例句:
  • tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
  • Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者,提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
32 promising BkQzsk     
adj.有希望的,有前途的
参考例句:
  • The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
  • We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。
33 correlation Rogzg     
n.相互关系,相关,关连
参考例句:
  • The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
  • A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。
34 insignificant k6Mx1     
adj.无关紧要的,可忽略的,无意义的
参考例句:
  • In winter the effect was found to be insignificant.在冬季,这种作用是不明显的。
  • This problem was insignificant compared to others she faced.这一问题与她面临的其他问题比较起来算不得什么。
35 investigation MRKzq     
n.调查,调查研究
参考例句:
  • In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
  • He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。
36 awareness 4yWzdW     
n.意识,觉悟,懂事,明智
参考例句:
  • There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
  • Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。
37 negligence IjQyI     
n.疏忽,玩忽,粗心大意
参考例句:
  • They charged him with negligence of duty.他们指责他玩忽职守。
  • The traffic accident was allegedly due to negligence.这次车祸据说是由于疏忽造成的。
38 aggravate Gxkzb     
vt.加重(剧),使恶化;激怒,使恼火
参考例句:
  • Threats will only aggravate her.恐吓只能激怒她。
  • He would only aggravate the injury by rubbing it.他揉擦伤口只会使伤势加重。
39 aggravates b7b09c2f91842c4161671a7f19cda589     
使恶化( aggravate的第三人称单数 ); 使更严重; 激怒; 使恼火
参考例句:
  • If he aggravates me any more I shall punish him. 如果他再惹我生气,我就要惩罚他。
  • Now nothing aggravates me more than when people torment each pther. 没有什么东西比人们的互相折磨更使我愤怒。
40 component epSzv     
n.组成部分,成分,元件;adj.组成的,合成的
参考例句:
  • Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
  • Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。
41 components 4725dcf446a342f1473a8228e42dfa48     
(机器、设备等的)构成要素,零件,成分; 成分( component的名词复数 ); [物理化学]组分; [数学]分量; (混合物的)组成部分
参考例句:
  • the components of a machine 机器部件
  • Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。
42 logic j0HxI     
n.逻辑(学);逻辑性
参考例句:
  • What sort of logic is that?这是什么逻辑?
  • I don't follow the logic of your argument.我不明白你的论点逻辑性何在。
43 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
44 random HT9xd     
adj.随机的;任意的;n.偶然的(或随便的)行动
参考例句:
  • The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
  • On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
45 neural DnXzFt     
adj.神经的,神经系统的
参考例句:
  • The neural network can preferably solve the non- linear problem.利用神经网络建模可以较好地解决非线性问题。
  • The information transmission in neural system depends on neurotransmitters.信息传递的神经途径有赖于神经递质。
46 thermostat PGhyb     
n.恒温器
参考例句:
  • The thermostat is connected by a link to the carburetor.恒温控制器是由一根连杆与汽化器相连的。
  • The temperature is controlled by electronic thermostat with high accuracy.电子恒温器,准确性高。
47 psychology U0Wze     
n.心理,心理学,心理状态
参考例句:
  • She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
  • He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。
48 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
49 relatively bkqzS3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
50 depressed xu8zp9     
adj.沮丧的,抑郁的,不景气的,萧条的
参考例句:
  • When he was depressed,he felt utterly divorced from reality.他心情沮丧时就感到完全脱离了现实。
  • His mother was depressed by the sad news.这个坏消息使他的母亲意志消沉。
51 recurring 8kLzK8     
adj.往复的,再次发生的
参考例句:
  • This kind of problem is recurring often. 这类问题经常发生。
  • For our own country, it has been a time for recurring trial. 就我们国家而言,它经过了一个反复考验的时期。
52 visualize yeJzsZ     
vt.使看得见,使具体化,想象,设想
参考例句:
  • I remember meeting the man before but I can't visualize him.我记得以前见过那个人,但他的样子我想不起来了。
  • She couldn't visualize flying through space.她无法想像在太空中飞行的景象。
53 literally 28Wzv     
adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实
参考例句:
  • He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
  • Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候,她不走到真正要昏厥了,决不肯坐下来。
54 uncertainties 40ee42d4a978cba8d720415c7afff06a     
无把握( uncertainty的名词复数 ); 不确定; 变化不定; 无把握、不确定的事物
参考例句:
  • One of the uncertainties of military duty is that you never know when you might suddenly get posted away. 任军职不稳定的因素之一是你永远不知道什么时候会突然被派往它处。
  • Uncertainties affecting peace and development are on the rise. 影响和平与发展的不确定因素在增加。 来自汉英非文学 - 十六大报告
55 persistent BSUzg     
adj.坚持不懈的,执意的;持续的
参考例句:
  • Albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days.艾伯特连续头痛了三天。
  • She felt embarrassed by his persistent attentions.他不时地向她大献殷勤,使她很难为情。
56 susceptible 4rrw7     
adj.过敏的,敏感的;易动感情的,易受感动的
参考例句:
  • Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
  • We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。
57 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
58 visualizing d9a94ee9dc976b42816302d5ab042d9c     
肉眼观察
参考例句:
  • Nevertheless, the Bohr model is still useful for visualizing the structure of an atom. 然而,玻尔模型仍有利于使原子结构形象化。
  • Try to strengthen this energy field by visualizing the ball growing stronger. 通过想象能量球变得更强壮设法加强这能量场。
59 entirely entirely     
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
60 aspire ANbz2     
vi.(to,after)渴望,追求,有志于
参考例句:
  • Living together with you is what I aspire toward in my life.和你一起生活是我一生最大的愿望。
  • I aspire to be an innovator not a follower.我迫切希望能变成个开创者而不是跟随者。
61 degradation QxKxL     
n.降级;低落;退化;陵削;降解;衰变
参考例句:
  • There are serious problems of land degradation in some arid zones.在一些干旱地带存在严重的土地退化问题。
  • Gambling is always coupled with degradation.赌博总是与堕落相联系。
62 linguist K02xo     
n.语言学家;精通数种外国语言者
参考例句:
  • I used to be a linguist till I become a writer.过去我是个语言学家,后来成了作家。
  • Professor Cui has a high reputation as a linguist.崔教授作为语言学家名声很高。
63 cult 3nPzm     
n.异教,邪教;时尚,狂热的崇拜
参考例句:
  • Her books aren't bestsellers,but they have a certain cult following.她的书算不上畅销书,但有一定的崇拜者。
  • The cult of sun worship is probably the most primitive one.太阳崇拜仪式或许是最为原始的一种。
64 authentic ZuZzs     
a.真的,真正的;可靠的,可信的,有根据的
参考例句:
  • This is an authentic news report. We can depend on it. 这是篇可靠的新闻报道, 我们相信它。
  • Autumn is also the authentic season of renewal. 秋天才是真正的除旧布新的季节。
65 genre ygPxi     
n.(文学、艺术等的)类型,体裁,风格
参考例句:
  • My favorite music genre is blues.我最喜欢的音乐种类是布鲁斯音乐。
  • Superficially,this Shakespeare's work seems to fit into the same genre.从表面上看, 莎士比亚的这个剧本似乎属于同一类型。
66 illustrated 2a891807ad5907f0499171bb879a36aa     
adj. 有插图的,列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • His lecture was illustrated with slides taken during the expedition. 他在讲演中使用了探险时拍摄到的幻灯片。
  • The manufacturing Methods: Will be illustrated in the next chapter. 制作方法将在下一章说明。
67 subtitle asawn     
n.副题(书本中的),说明对白的字幕
参考例句:
  • His new book has a subtitle.他的新书有一个副标题。
  • Ah!I don't know why they don't subtitle these movies.唉!我不知道这些电影为什么不打字幕。
68 expressive shwz4     
adj.表现的,表达…的,富于表情的
参考例句:
  • Black English can be more expressive than standard English.黑人所使用的英语可能比正式英语更有表现力。
  • He had a mobile,expressive,animated face.他有一张多变的,富于表情的,生动活泼的脸。
69 chunks a0e6aa3f5109dc15b489f628b2f01028     
厚厚的一块( chunk的名词复数 ); (某物)相当大的数量或部分
参考例句:
  • a tin of pineapple chunks 一罐菠萝块
  • Those chunks of meat are rather large—could you chop them up a bIt'smaller? 这些肉块相当大,还能再切小一点吗?
70 strictly GtNwe     
adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地
参考例句:
  • His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
  • The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。
71 radical hA8zu     
n.激进份子,原子团,根号;adj.根本的,激进的,彻底的
参考例句:
  • The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
  • She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。
72 inevitable 5xcyq     
adj.不可避免的,必然发生的
参考例句:
  • Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
  • The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。
73 controversy 6Z9y0     
n.争论,辩论,争吵
参考例句:
  • That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
  • We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。
74 modesty REmxo     
n.谦逊,虚心,端庄,稳重,羞怯,朴素
参考例句:
  • Industry and modesty are the chief factors of his success.勤奋和谦虚是他成功的主要因素。
  • As conceit makes one lag behind,so modesty helps one make progress.骄傲使人落后,谦虚使人进步。
75 appreciation Pv9zs     
n.评价;欣赏;感谢;领会,理解;价格上涨
参考例句:
  • I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to you all.我想对你们所有人表达我的感激和谢意。
  • I'll be sending them a donation in appreciation of their help.我将送给他们一笔捐款以感谢他们的帮助。
76 admiration afpyA     
n.钦佩,赞美,羡慕
参考例句:
  • He was lost in admiration of the beauty of the scene.他对风景之美赞不绝口。
  • We have a great admiration for the gold medalists.我们对金牌获得者极为敬佩。
77 premiers 9d9d255de3724c51f4d4a49dab49b791     
n.总理,首相( premier的名词复数 );首席官员,
参考例句:
  • The Vice- Premiers and State Councillors assist the Premier in his work. 副总理、国务委员协助总理工作。 来自汉英非文学 - 中国宪法
  • The Premier, Vice-Premiers and State Councillors shall serve no more than two consecutive terms. 总理、副总理、国务委员连续任职不得超过两届。 来自汉英非文学 - 中国宪法
78 provincial Nt8ye     
adj.省的,地方的;n.外省人,乡下人
参考例句:
  • City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes.城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。
  • Two leading cadres came down from the provincial capital yesterday.昨天从省里下来了两位领导干部。
79 groaning groaning     
adj. 呜咽的, 呻吟的 动词groan的现在分词形式
参考例句:
  • She's always groaning on about how much she has to do. 她总抱怨自己干很多活儿。
  • The wounded man lay there groaning, with no one to help him. 受伤者躺在那里呻吟着,无人救助。
80 pharmaceutical f30zR     
adj.药学的,药物的;药用的,药剂师的
参考例句:
  • She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
  • We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。
81 assessment vO7yu     
n.评价;评估;对财产的估价,被估定的金额
参考例句:
  • This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
  • What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何?
82 strings nh0zBe     
n.弦
参考例句:
  • He sat on the bed,idly plucking the strings of his guitar.他坐在床上,随意地拨着吉他的弦。
  • She swept her fingers over the strings of the harp.她用手指划过竖琴的琴弦。
83 constrain xpCzL     
vt.限制,约束;克制,抑制
参考例句:
  • She tried to constrain herself from a cough in class.上课时她竭力忍住不咳嗽。
  • The study will examine the factors which constrain local economic growth.这项研究将考查抑制当地经济发展的因素。
84 jurisdiction La8zP     
n.司法权,审判权,管辖权,控制权
参考例句:
  • It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free.我无权将你释放。
  • Changzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.常州隶属江苏省。
85 ideology Scfzg     
n.意识形态,(政治或社会的)思想意识
参考例句:
  • The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
  • The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。
86 prescription u1vzA     
n.处方,开药;指示,规定
参考例句:
  • The physician made a prescription against sea- sickness for him.医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。
  • The drug is available on prescription only.这种药只能凭处方购买。
87 stark lGszd     
adj.荒凉的;严酷的;完全的;adv.完全地
参考例句:
  • The young man is faced with a stark choice.这位年轻人面临严峻的抉择。
  • He gave a stark denial to the rumor.他对谣言加以完全的否认。
88 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的,管理的
参考例句:
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
89 analyze RwUzm     
vt.分析,解析 (=analyse)
参考例句:
  • We should analyze the cause and effect of this event.我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
  • The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.老师设法分析我们失败的原因。
90 integration G5Pxk     
n.一体化,联合,结合
参考例句:
  • We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
  • This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。
91 unity 4kQwT     
n.团结,联合,统一;和睦,协调
参考例句:
  • When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结,并非一团和气。
  • We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前,我们必须加强团结。
92 fabric 3hezG     
n.织物,织品,布;构造,结构,组织
参考例句:
  • The fabric will spot easily.这种织品很容易玷污。
  • I don't like the pattern on the fabric.我不喜欢那块布料上的图案。
93 entails bc08bbfc5f8710441959edc8dadcb925     
使…成为必要( entail的第三人称单数 ); 需要; 限定继承; 使必需
参考例句:
  • The job entails a lot of hard work. 这工作需要十分艰苦的努力。
  • This job entails a lot of hard work. 这项工作需要十分努力。
94 dependence 3wsx9     
n.依靠,依赖;信任,信赖;隶属
参考例句:
  • Doctors keep trying to break her dependence of the drug.医生们尽力使她戒除毒瘾。
  • He was freed from financial dependence on his parents.他在经济上摆脱了对父母的依赖。
95 dealing NvjzWP     
n.经商方法,待人态度
参考例句:
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
96 varied giIw9     
adj.多样的,多变化的
参考例句:
  • The forms of art are many and varied.艺术的形式是多种多样的。
  • The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment.宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。
97 peculiarities 84444218acb57e9321fbad3dc6b368be     
n. 特质, 特性, 怪癖, 古怪
参考例句:
  • the cultural peculiarities of the English 英国人的文化特点
  • He used to mimic speech peculiarities of another. 他过去总是模仿别人讲话的特点。
98 neatly ynZzBp     
adv.整洁地,干净地,灵巧地,熟练地
参考例句:
  • Sailors know how to wind up a long rope neatly.水手们知道怎样把一条大绳利落地缠好。
  • The child's dress is neatly gathered at the neck.那孩子的衣服在领口处打着整齐的皱褶。
99 symbolically LrFwT     
ad.象征地,象征性地
参考例句:
  • By wearing the ring on the third finger of the left hand, a married couple symbolically declares their eternal love for each other. 将婚戒戴在左手的第三只手指上,意味着夫妻双方象征性地宣告他们的爱情天长地久,他们定能白头偕老。
  • Symbolically, he coughed to clear his throat. 周经理象征地咳一声无谓的嗽,清清嗓子。
100 eldest bqkx6     
adj.最年长的,最年老的
参考例句:
  • The King's eldest son is the heir to the throne.国王的长子是王位的继承人。
  • The castle and the land are entailed on the eldest son.城堡和土地限定由长子继承。
101 illustrates a03402300df9f3e3716d9eb11aae5782     
给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 ); 说明; 表明; (用示例、图画等)说明
参考例句:
  • This historical novel illustrates the breaking up of feudal society in microcosm. 这部历史小说是走向崩溃的封建社会的缩影。
  • Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had an experience which illustrates this. 阿尔弗莱德 - 阿德勒是一位著名的医生,他有过可以说明这点的经历。 来自中级百科部分
102 physically iNix5     
adj.物质上,体格上,身体上,按自然规律
参考例句:
  • He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服,心绪也很乱。
  • Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
103 virtue BpqyH     
n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力
参考例句:
  • He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
  • You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。

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