LSAT考试全真试题三SECTION3（3）

12. In a study of the relationship between aggression¹ and television viewing in nursery school children, many interesting interactions among family styles, aggression, and television viewing were found. High aggression occurred in both high-viewing and low-viewing children and this seemed to be related to parental² lifestyle. High-achieving. competitive, middle-class parents, whose children did not watch much television had more aggressive children than parents who planned their lives in an organized, child-centered way, which included larger amounts of television viewing.

　　Which one of the following conclusions is best supported by the passage?

(A) Low levels of television viewing often lead to high levels of aggression among 　　children.
(B) The level of aggression of a child cannot be predicted from levels of 　　television viewing alone.
(C) If high-achieving. competitive parents were more child-centered, their 　　children would be less aggressive
(D) High levels of television viewing can explain high levels of aggression among 　　children only when the parents are not child-centered.
(E) Parental lifestyle is less important than the amount of television viewing in 　　determining the aggressiveness of children.

13. One of the effects of lead poisoning is an inflammation of the optic nerve, which causes those who have it to see bright haloes around light sources. In order to produce the striking yellow effects in his "Sunflowers" paintings, Van Gogh used Naples yellow, a pigment³ containing lead. Since in his later paintings, Van Gogh painted bright haloes around the stars and sun, it is likely that he was suffering from lead poisoning caused by ingesting the pigments⁴ he used.

　　Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

(A) In Van Gogh s later paintings he painted some things as he saw them.
(B) Van Gogh continued to use paints containing lead after having painted the 　　"Sunflowers" paintings,.
(C) Van Gogh did not have symptoms of lead poisoning aside from seeing bright 　　haloes around light sources.
(D) The paints Van Gogh used in the "Sunflowers" paintings had no toxic⁵ 　　ingredients other than lead.
(E) The effects of Naples yellow could not have been achieved using other 　　pigments.

Questions 14-15

Politician: The mandatory⁶ jail sentences that became law two years ago for certain crimes have enhanced the integrity of our system of justice, for no longer are there two kinds of justice, the kind dispensed⁷ by lenient⁸ judges and the kind dispensed by severe ones.

Pulic advocate: But with judges stripped of discretionary powers, there can be no leniency⁹ even where it would be appropriate. So juries now sometimes acquit¹⁰ a given defendant¹¹ solely¹² beacuse the jurors feel that the mandatory sentence would be too harsh. Those juries, then, do not return an accurate verdict on the defendant s guilt¹³. This is why it is imperative¹⁴ that the legislation instituting mandatory jail sentences be repealed¹⁵.

14. The public advocate responds to the politician s argument by doing which one of the following?

(A) trying to show that the politician s conclusion merely paraphrases¹⁶ the 　　politician s evidence
(B) claiming that the politician s evidence, properly analyzed¹⁷, has no bearing on 　　the conclusion the politician derives¹⁸ from it.
(C) arguing that leniency is not a trait of individuals but that, rather, it is a 　　property of certain kinds of decisions.
(D) arguing that an analysis of the consequences of certain legislation 　　undermines the politician s conclusion
(E) charging that the politician exaggerated the severity of a problem in order to 　　justify¹⁹ a sweeping²⁰ solution

15. Which one of the following principles, if valid²¹, provides the politician with the strongest basis for countering the public advocate s argument?

(A) Juries should always consider whether the sum of the evidence leaves any 　　reasonable doube concerning the defendant s guilt, and in all cases in 　　which it does, they should acquit the defendant
(B) A system of justice should clearly define what the specific actions are that 　　judges are to perform within the system.
(C) Asystem of justice should not require any legal expertise²² on the part of the 　　people selected to serve on juries.
(D) Changes in a system of justice in response to some undesirable²³ feature of 　　the system should be made as soon as possible once that feature has 　　been recognized as undesirable.
(E) Changes in a system of justice that produce undesirable consequences 　　should be reversed only if it is not feasible to ameliorate those undesirable 　　consequences through furhter modification²⁴.

16. Researchers studying artificial sweeteners have long claimed that the perception of sweetness is determined²⁵ by the activation²⁶ of a single type of receptor on the tongue, called a sweetness receptor. They have also claimed that any given individual molecule²⁷ of substance can activate²⁸ at most one sweetness receptor and that the fewer molecules²⁹ that are required to activate a receptor, the sweeter that substance will be perceived to be, Now the researchers claim to have discovered a substance of which only one molectule is needed to activate any sweetness receptor.

　　Which one of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the researchers claims, if all of those claims are true?

(A) The more sweetness receptors a person has on his or her tongue, the more 　　likely it is that that person will find sweet sensations pleasurable
(B) In sufficient quantity. the molecules of any substance can activate a 　　sweetness receptor
(C) No substance will be found that is perceived to be sweeter than the 　　substance the researchers have discovered.
(D) A substance that does not activate a sweetness receptor will activate a 　　taste receptor of another type.
(E) The more molecules of a substance that are required to activate a single 　　sweetness receptor. the more bitter that substance will be perceived to be.

17. An editorial in the Grandbury Daily Herald³⁰ claims that Grandburg s voters would generally welcome the defeat of the political party now in control of the Grandburg City Council. The editorial bases its claim on a recent survey that found that 59 percent of Grandburg s registered voters think that the party will definitely be out of power after next year s city council elections.

　　Which one of the following is a principle that, if established, would provide the strongest justification³¹ for the editorial s conclusion?

(A) The way voters feel about a political party at a given time can reasonably be 　　considered a reliable indicator³² of the way they will continue to feel about 　　that party, barring unforeseeable political developments.
(B) The results of surveys that gauge³³ current voter sentiment toward a given 　　political party can legitimately³⁴ be used as the basis for making claims 　　about the likely future prospects³⁵ of that political party.
(C) An increase in ill-feeling toward a political party that is in power can 　　reasonably be expected to result in a corresponding increase in support for 　　rival political parties.
(D) The proportion of voters who expect a given political possibility to be 　　realized can legitimately be assumed to approximate the proportion of 　　voters who are in favor of that possibility being realized.
(E) It can reasonably be assumed that registered voters who respond to a 　　survey regarding the outcome of a future election will exercise their right to 　　vote in that election