历届奥运会回顾：1964年东京奥运会

1964年是现代奥林匹克运动复兴70周年，为了纪念顾拜旦这位创始人，在东京举办的奥运会上播放了他在1936年奥运会上的法语讲话录音："奥运会重要的不是胜利，而是参加；生活的本质不是征服(索取)，而是奋斗。"

KEY FACTS

Opening date: 10 October 1964

Closing date: 24 October 1964

The Host City: Tokyo (Japan)

Sports: 19

TOKYO  1964 Games of the XVIII Olympiad

The 1964 Tokyo Games were the first to be held in Asia. The Japanese expressed their successful reconstruction¹ after World War II by choosing as the final torchbearer Yoshinori Sakai, who was born in Hiroshima the day that that city was destroyed by an atomic bomb.

Judo² and volleyball were introduced to the Olympic programme. American swimmer Don Schollander won four gold medals. Abebe Bikila of Ethiopia became the first repeat winner of the marathon - less than six weeks after having his appendix removed. Russian rower Vyacheslav Ivanov won the single sculls for the third time, and Australian swimmer Dawn Fraser won the 100m freestyle for the third time.

Al Oerter of the United States did the same in the discus throw despite a cervical disc injury that forced him to wear a neck harness and torn rib³ cartilage incurred⁴ a week before the competition. Hungarian water polo player Dezso Gyarmati won his fifth medal in a row. Another Hungarian, Greco-Roman wrestler⁵ Imre Polyak, finally won a gold medal after finishing second in the same division at the previous three Olympics. By winning two medals of each kind, Larysa Latynina of the Ukraine brought her career medal total to an incredible 18. She is also one of only four athletes in any sport to win nine gold medals.

Do You Know? 颁布了第一个“公平竞赛奖”

The first Fair Play prize awarded by the International Olympic Committee, but given by the Japanese National Olympic Committee, was presented to two Swedes, Lars Gunnar Kall and Stig Lennart Kall, who gave up their chances of winning the regatta to come to the aid of two other competitors whose boat had sunk.

国际奥委会颁布了第一个“公平竞赛奖”，由2位来自日本的奥委会官员授予了2位瑞典人，表彰他们在赛艇比赛中因救助2位沉船的对手而失去了赢得冠军的机会.