1. With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land, Cleveland is but one of a large number of communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract new businesses.
(A) is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(B) is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(C) are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(D) are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life and attracting
(E) are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban life and attract

2. Byron possessed¹ powers of observation that would have made him a great anthropologist² and that makes his letters as a group the rival of the best novels of the time.
(A) makes his letters as a group the rival of
(B) makes his letters as a group one to rival
(C) makes his letters a group rivaling
(D) make his letters as a group the rival of
(E) make his letters a group which is the rival of

3. Although it claims to delve³ into political issues, television can be superficial such as when each of the three major networks broadcast exactly the same statement from a political candidate.
(A) superficial such as when each of the three major networks

(B) superficial, as can sometimes occur if all of the three major networks
(C) superficial if the three major networks all
(D) superficial whenever each of the three major networks
(E) superficial, as when the three major networks each

4. The filibuster⁴, a parliamentary device that slows the snail's pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems more and more an anachronism in the age of telecommunications.
(A) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(B) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone who is associated with it, seeming to be
(C) sessions, tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(D) sessions, that tests the endurance of everyone associated with it and seems
(E) sessions, testing the endurance of everyone associated with it and seeming

5. Comparing the Quechans with other Native Americans of the Southwest, the Quechans were singularly uninterested in the accumulation of material wealth or in the crafting of elaborate pottery⁵ and basketry.
(A) Comparing the Quechans with other Native Americans of the Southwest, the Quechans
(B) When you compare the Quechans to other Native Americans of the Southwest, they
(C) When other Native Americans of the Southwest are compared to the Quechans, they
(D) Comparison to other Native Americans of the Southwest shows that the Quechans
(E) Compared with other Native Americans of the Southwest, the Quechans

6. The guiding principles of the tax plan released by the Treasury⁶ Department could have even a greater significance for the economy than the particulars of the plan.
(A) even a greater significance for the economy than
(B) a significance that is even greater for the economy than
(C) even greater significance for the economy than have
(D) even greater significance for the economy than do
(E) a significance even greater for the economy than have

7. One noted⁷ economist⁸ has made a comparison of the Federal Reserve and an automobile⁹ as racing¹⁰
through a tunnel, bouncing first off one wall, then the other; the car may get where it is going, but
people may be hurt in the process.
(A) made a comparison of the Federal Reserve and an automobile as racing through a tunnel, bouncing
(B) made a comparison between the Federal Reserve and an automobile racing through a tunnel, bouncing

(C) compared the Federal Reserve with an automobile as racing through a tunnel and which bounced
(D) compared the Federal Reserve to an automobile racing through a tunnel, bouncing
(E) compared the Federal Reserve with an automobile that races through a tunnel and it bounces

8.The report on the gross national product---the nation's total production of goods and services---
showed that second-quarter inflation was somewhat lower than a previous estimation and the
savings¹¹ rate slightly higher.
(A) a previous estimation and the savings rate slightly higher
(B) a previous estimation and with a slightly higher savings rate
(C) a previous estimate and that the savings rate is slightly higher
(D) previously¹² estimated and a slightly higher savings rate
(E) previously estimated and that the savings rate was slightly higher

9. Like John McPhee's works, Ann Beattie painstakingly¹³ assembles in her works an interesting and complete world out of hundreds of tiny details about a seemingly uninteresting subject.
(A) Like John McPhee's works, Ann Beattie painstakingly assembles in her works
(B) Like John McPhee, Ann Beattie's works painstakingly assemble
(C) Like John McPhee, Ann Beattie painstakingly assembles in her works
(D) Just as John McPhee's, so Ann Beattie's works painstakingly assemble
(E) Just as John McPhee, Ann Beattie painstakingly assembles in her works

10. Because natural gas is composed mostly of methane¹⁴, a simple hydrocarbon¹⁵, vehicles powered by natural gas emit less of certain pollutants¹⁶ than the burning of gasoline or diesel¹⁷ fuel.
(A) less of certain pollutants than the burning of gasoline or diesel fuel
(B) fewer of certain pollutants than burning gasoline or diesel fuel do
(C) less of certain pollutants than gasoline or diesel fuel
(D) fewer of certain pollutants than does burning gasoline or diesel fuel
(E) less of certain pollutants than those burning gasoline or diesel fuel

11. Similar to rising interest rates, consumer and producer prices have been rising.
(A) Similar to rising interest rates, consumer and producer prices have been rising.
(B) Consumer and producer prices have been rising, as have interest rates.
(C) As interest rates are rising, so have consumer and producer prices.
(D) Consumer and producer prices have been rising, like interest rates do.

(E) Consumer and producer prices, as interest rates, have been rising

12. Although fruit can no longer grow once it is picked, it continues for some time to respire, taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, similar to the way human beings breathe.
(A) similar to the way human beings breathe
(B) similarly to human beings who are breathing
(C) just like the breathing of human beings
(D) as human beings when breathing
(E) just as human beings do when they breathe

13. The United States government employs a much larger proportion of women in trade negotiations¹⁸
than any government.
(A) a much larger proportion of women in trade negotiations than any
(B) a much larger proportion of women in trade negotiations than does any other
(C) much larger proportions of women in trade negotiations than has any
(D) proportions of women in trade negotiations that are much larger than any
(E) proportions of women in trade negotiations that are much larger than any other

14. A migraine typically afflicts¹⁹ one side of the head, lasts for hours or days, and may recur²⁰ as infrequently as once every other month or often, as daily.
(A) as infrequently as once every other month or often, as
(B) as infrequently as once every other month or as often as
(C) infrequently, as often as once every other month, or often, like
(D) infrequently, like once every other month, or often, like
(E) infrequently, like once every other month, or as often as

15. Founded in 1983, the magazine increased its circulation more than double since then, and its advertising²¹.
(A) increased its circulation more than double since then,
(B) has since increased its circulation more than double,
(C) has since more than doubled its circulation
(D) since then more than doubled its circulation
(E) more than doubled its circulation since then

16. Unlike Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and other expatriates, William Carlos Williams insisted that
poets honor their own regions and employ specifically American rhythms.
(A) Unlike Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and other expatriates, William Carlos Williams insisted
(B) Although Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and other expatriates did not, William Carlos Williams'
insistence²² was
(C) Contrary to Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and other expatriates, it was William Carlos Williams who insisted
(D) As opposed to what Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and other expatriates did, William Carlos

Williams was to insist.
(E) While Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and other expatriates did not, William Carlos Williams
was insistent²³

17. Just as plant species native to regions with browsing²⁴ mammals evolved many natural anti-
browser defenses (such as sharp spines²⁵ and toxic²⁶ chemicals), so humans in malarial²⁸ regions have
evolved dozens of chemical defenses against malaria²⁷.
(A) so humans in malarial regions have evolved dozens of chemical defenses against malaria
(B) humans in malarial regions have been evolving dozens of chemical defenses against malaria
(C) there has been, in malarial regions, an evolution of dozens of human chemical defenses
against malaria
(D) dozens of chemical defenses against malaria have been evolved by humans in malarial regions
(E) similarly, in malarial regions, humans have evolved dozens of chemical defenses against malaria

18. As virtually all the nation's 50 busiest airports are, New York's were built for an age of propellers,
before jet planes weighing 800,000 pounds needed over two miles of runway.
(A) As virtually all the nation's 50 busiest airports are
(B) As with virtually all of the nation's 50 busiest airports
(C) Like virtually all of the nation's 50 busiest airports
(D) Like the cities where virtually all the nation's 50 busiest airports are
(E) Like other cities where virtually all the nation's 50 busiest airports are

19.Poor management, outdated²⁹ technology, competition from overseas, and steel's replacement³⁰ to materials like aluminum³¹ and fiber-reinforced plastics have all been cited as causes for the decline of the United States steel industry.
(A) steel's replacement to materials like
(B) the replacement of steel by such materials as
(C) the replacing of steel with materials of
(D) the replacing of steel by means of materials like
(E) to replace steel by materials such as

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