20.         Laboratory studies show that Saluda Natural Spring Water contains several of the
minerals necessary for good health and that it is completely free of bacteria. Residents
of Saluda, the small town where the water is bottled, are hospitalized less frequently
than the national average. Even though Saluda Natural Spring Water may seem
expensive, drinking it instead of tap waster is a wise investment in good health
 
Sample Essay 1:
      The argument that drinking Saluda Natural Spring Water instead of tap water is a
wise investment in good health is not entirely¹ logically convincing, since it lacks certain
supporting factors.
       Firstly, the argument assumes that Saluda Natural Spring Water is the major
reason why residents of Saluda are less frequently hospitalized than the national average.
However, there is little evidence that this water is the only difference between this place
and the rest of the country. And the reason why people in other places are more
hospitalized are numerous and varied². There are so many other factors that would bring
people in other places to hospitals, such as accidents, food contamination, illnesses, etc.
      Secondly³, the argument also assumes that the minerals in Saluda National Spring
Water are the key minerals for the good health of the residents of Saluda. However, this
may not be true. We need not only minerals to keep good heath but also various
vitamins. Besides, our body needs more minerals than those contained in Saluda Natural
Spring Water.
      Finally, even if the Saluda water is the major reason why the residents of Saluda
are less hospitalized, the argument still omits the fact that there is more than one way to
keep drinking water free from bacteria. For instance, the most common practice is to
boil water up to 100 degree Celsius⁴ and keep it at that degree for more than 5 minutes.
Therefore drinking Saluda water to keep good health is not the only alternative.
      Thus, the argument is not completely sound. The evidence in support of the
conclusion that the Saluda residents are less hospitalized does little to prove the
conclusion-that drinking Saluda Natural Spring Water is a wise investment in good
health-since it omits the assumptions I have just raised. The argument might have been
strengthened by making it plain that Saluda Natural Spring Water is the major reason
why the residents of Saluda are less hospitalized, that the water contains all the major
minerals essential for the human body, and that there is no other way to keep water from
bacteria.
 
Sample Essay 2:
      In this argument the author concludes that drinking Saluda Natural Spring Water
(SNSW) is preferable to drinking tap water. Three reasons are offered in support of this
conclusion: SNSW contains several of the minerals necessary for good health, it is
completely tree of bacteria, and residents of Saluda—the town where it is bottled—are
hospitalized less frequently than the national average. This argument is unconvincing
because it relies on a variety of dubious⁵ assumptions.
      The first questionable⁶ assumption underlying⁷ this argument that tap water does
not contain the minerals in question and is not completely free of bacteria. This
assumption is not supported in the argument. If tap water is found to contain the same
minerals and to be free of bacteria, the author's conclusion is substantially undermined.
      A second assumption of the argument is that the water residents of Saluda drink is
the same as SNSW. Lacking evidence to the contrary, it is possible that Saluda is not the
source of the bottled water but is merely the place where SNSW is bottled. No evidence
is offered in the argument to dispute this possibility.
      Finally, it is assumed without argument that the reason residents are hospitalized
less frequently than the national average is that they drink SNSW. Again, no evidence is
offered to support this assumption. Perhaps the residents are hospitalized less frequently
because they are younger than the national average, because they are all vegetarians⁸, or
because they exercise daily. That is, there might be other reasons than the one cited to
account for this disparity.
      In conclusion, this is an unconvincing argument. To strengthen the conclusion that
SNSW is more healthful than tap water, the author must provide evidence that tap water
contains harmful bacteria not found in SNSW. Moreover, the author must demonstrate
that the residents of Saluda regularly drink the same water as SNSW and that this is
why they are hospitalized less frequently than the national average

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